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OFFICIAL MANUAL 



/ .L 




OF THE 



V 



World's Columbian Commission 



CONTAINING 




The Minutes and other Official Data of the Commission from 
THE Date of its Organization, June 26, 1890, to the Close 
of its Third Session, November 26, 1890, including 
Information in Reference to the Chicago 
Directory of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition, Etc. 



o 




Chicago: 
rand, mcnally & company. 

i8qo. 



INDEX. 



PAGE. 

Act ok Congress Creating World's Columbian Commission 359 

Alphabetical List of Commissioners, with Committees to Which They 

Have Been Assigned 335 

Alternate Commissioners — 

Duties -and powers of; Mr. Hodges' resolution referred 29 

Duties and powers of; Mr. Waller's resolution adopted 49 

Decision of First Comptroller of Treasury as to expenses and per diem of . . . 60 

To serve on Executive Committee in absence of principals 97 

To serve on all committees in absence of principals 104 

Auditing Committee — 

Report of 223 

Adopted 264 

Duties of 250 

Supplementary report adopted 307 

Awards, Sub-Committee on — 

' Report of 250 

Adopted ■ 266 

Supplementary report 265 

Board of Control and Management of the United States Government 

Exhibit 357 

Board of Lady Managers 349 

Board of Reference and Controi 334 

By-Laws of the Commission 319 

Chairman, Temporary — 

Nomination and election of 5 

Chicago Directory — 

(See World's Columbian Exposition Directory). 

Ceremonies — 

Report of Committee on 167, 254 

Classification — 

Committee on created 109 

System of, Prof. G. Brown Goode 77 

Suggestions of Robert P. Porter 77 

Suggestions of Prof. Thomas Wilson , 77 

Report of Committee on, . 183 

Adopted 221 

i 



ii Index. 

Commission — i'Ac-.e. 

Expenses of; detailed report of Secretary 184 

Powers and duties of; report of Select Committee on 241 

Adopted 244 

Powers and duties of; report of Joint Conference Committee on 274 

Adopted 277 

No member to hold salaried office or draw other pay than expenses and sub- 
sistence. (See By-Laws, Article Eighteenth) 300 

Committees of the Local Directory 366 

Council Chamber — 

Commission meets in 85 

Thanks for use of 86 

Credentials — 

State Department roll adopted 6 

Departments, Executive — 

Organization of 179 

Report of Judiciary Committee on 293 

Fixed by By-Laws. (See Article Tenth.) 294 

Depew, cm., Com.viissioner — 

Telegram of Commission to 31 

Director-Gen eral — 

Duties and powers, resolutions and debate on. (See By-Laws) 16, 23, 24 

Mr. Bromberg's vote on . . . . 23 

Mr. Groner's resolution regarding nomination and election of 86 

Mr. Way's resolution regarding same > 96 

Mr. Widener's resolution regarding same 100 

Recommendation of Col. Geo. R. Davis by the Chicago Directory 104 

Endorsed by the Executive Committee 104 

Minority report on 105 

Debate on . , , 113 

Election of Col. Geo, R. Davis as Director-General .119. 120 

Thanks of Chicago Directory for 123 

Report of, to Executive Committee 161 

Appointments by 165 

State Organization, suggestive plan for 180 

Executive Committee — 

Powers of 89 

Alternates to serve on 97 

Vice-Chairman of, and salary 133 

By-Law adopted providing for same 139 

J. A. McKenzie elected Vice-Chairman 140 

Report of (third session) 153 

By-Laws of 160 

Report amended and adopted 263 

Report on powers and duties of Board of Lady Managers 287 

Minority report (Mr. Williams) 289 

Referred to Finance Committee 2S9 

Expenses of Commission — 

Detailed report of Secretary 184 

Finance Committkp: — 

Report on pay of Lady Managers and salary of their Secretary 303 

Amended and adopted 305 



\ 



Index. iii 

Foreign Affairs Committee — i'\ge 

Expenses of 202 

Report of 203 

Appropriation of $20,000 for 208 

Report of adopted 2-10 

Report on Spanish American Bureau 267 

Accepted and referred 27-1 

Forestry and Lumber, Committee on — 

Created , „ 

30 

Grounds and Buildings, Committee on — 

Constituted (and see By-Laws) j .^ 

Report of 209 

Debate 228 

Adoption 230 

Submits plans and specifications of proposed buildings 270 

Accepted „q(^ 

Hampton Roads — 

Naval rendezvous in 2q 

Resolutions of Norfolk, Va. , Chamber of Commerce 3^ 

Headquarters — 

Committee on Permanent created jo 

Report of -2 

Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, Committee on — 

Report of, on rights, duties, and powers ^i 

Debate on g- 

On Rules of Order, etc ,,q 

On By Laws gQ 

On Lady Managers q- 

On salaries of officers, and letter of the Secretary of Treasury 256 

Unanimously adopted 2Kq 

Report of amending By-Laws to conform to joint conference report 293 

Adopted 2Q^ 

Lady Managers, Board of — 

List of 3^g 

Report on j_ j_j 

Constitution of 28 

Pay of; resolution of Mr. Strong oj 

Commissions for <,2 

Powers and duties of; report of Sub-Committee of Permanent Organization on. 75 

Powers and duties of; report of Executive Committee 28- 

Resolutions of regarding Chief of Department of Fine Arts 264 

Pay of and salary of Secretary ^q- 

Supplies, printing, etc. ; allowance for ' 306 

Officers of . . . ^ ,g 

Legislation, Committee on — 

Constitution of „ 1 

. 94 

Duties of, and payment of expenses , ^08 

List of Officers, Commissioners, and Alternates 3,1 

List of Standing Committees and Their Officers 320 

List of Lady Managers and Alternates 3.q 



iv Index. 

Local DiRECTt)kv — page. 

(See World's Columbian Exposition Directory.) 

Manufactures, Committkk on — 

Report of 23C 

Mining Exhihit — 

Underground, proposition for 47, 178 

Report of Suh-Committce on 76 

Minutes, Official — 

Ordered printed daily iS 

And delivered to members at or before 7 a. m 123 

Minutes of First Session 5 

Minutes of Second Session 55 

Minutes of Third Session 151 

Officers, Permanent — 

Report on and election of 10, 11, 12 

Salaries of, referred to Judiciary Committee S7 

Debate on 95 

Official Directory of the Commission — 

Ordered printed 2S 

Official Manual of the Commission — 

Ordered to be printed g6 

Order of Business 311 

Organization of Commission — 

Notification to Chicago Board : iq 

Penalty Envelope — 

Privilege of using requested by resolution of Mr. Clagett 262 

Permanent Organization — 

Appointment of Committee on .- , . 10 

Committee's first report of, on officers 11 

Report on Vice-Presidents, Director-General, and Standing Committees. . . .15, 16 

On Lady Managers I7, 22 

Additional report on Committees 33. 41 

To print 1,000 copies of report 42 

Sub-Committee of, appointment and meeting 4S 

Report of, at second session 63 

On officers and committees '. . . 67 

Committee discharged 84 

" Pine I'alace," resolution of Mr, Bromberg proposing 132 

Powers and Duties of Commission and Chicago Directory — 

Joint Conference Committee on constituted 244 

Report of '. 274 

Adoptetl 277 

President of the Commission — 

Election of Thomas W. Palmer, and address 11 

Member of Executive Committee, ex officio 31 

Address at opening of third session 152 

President of hie United States — 

Notice to, that the Commission was organized iS 



Tiidex. V 

Printing, Committee on — i-ac;e. 
Report of 237 

Queen Isabella Society — 

Communication from 10 

Communication from a-^ 

Rules of Order and Procedure 313 

Salaries of Officers. (See By Laws 11, 15) — 

Debate on 244 

Letter of the Secretary of Treasury regarding referred to Judiciary Committee 244 

Seal, Off-icial — 

To be affixed to all oflkial documents and attested by Secretary 277 

By-Law adopting 277 

Secretary — • 

Election of J2 

Report of, second session c6 

Report approved q5 

Report to Executive Committee iy2 

Report to Commission, on expenses 184 

Secretary, Temporary — 

Nomination and election of 5 

Site for Exposition — 

Resolution of Mr. Bullock 20 

Visit to Jackson Park 18 

Visit to Garfield and other Parks 21, 29 

Resolution of Mr. Sewell 22 

Resolution of Mr. Martindale to adopt 3(^ 

Debate on j^2 4-1 

Resolution of Mr. liutt to reject 43 

Lost ,^ 

Opmion of South Park Commissioners and Engineers 44 

Eirst vote on ; ayes and noes . - 

Resolution of Chicago Board, September gth 58 

Resolution of Mr. Mercer for a single site loi 

Debate and action on; ayes and noes . loi, 102 

Report of Chicago Directory on, and documents relating thereto 113 

Referred jjq 

Made special order (ayes and noes) 130 

Resolutions of Chicago Directory and South Park Commissioners 135 

Report of Select Conference Committee adopted 137, 138 

Washington Park and Midway Plaisance approved 146 

Standing Committees — 

List and members of 320 

Report on powers and duties 16 

I^ebateon 24, 25, 26, 27 

Announcement of appointments loe 

To establish headquarters, etc j j- 

Expenditures by, etc ,^- 

Directed to confer with Committees of Chicago Directory on cognate subjects. 146 
States' Association — 

Banquet of 

Resolutions on ,^ 

19 



vi Index, 

Stenographic Report of Proceedings of Commission — page. 

Dispensed with 40 

Ordered made 77 

Stevenson, Governor C. C. — 

Resolutions on death of 132 

Sunday Closing — 

Resolution by Mr. Strong 144 

Referred to Executive Committee 145 

Report of Secretary on letters regarding. ... 309 

Instructions of Commission 310 

Tariffs and Transportation Committee — 

Report of 269 

The Act of Congress Creating the Commission, Etc 359 

The Order of Business 311 

Titles and Local Facilities, Committee on — 

Created 45 

Preliminary report 96 

Report on proposed sites 124 

Adopted 127 

Traffic Manager — 

Appointment of E. E. Jaycox 165 

Correspondence regarding 189 

Treasury Department, Decisions of — 

Case of E. M. Smith 57, 59 

On pay and subsistence of Alternate Commissioners 60, 62 

World's Columbian Exposition Directory 365 

By-Laws of 367 

Financial condition of 290 

Resolution of Mr. Bromberg 20 

Report of Committee on 36 

Committee of, to explain site 43 

Resolution of Mr. Brainard 49 

Approving its work 1 38 

Special Committee on Finances of 290 

Members 365 

Standing Committees of 366 



OFFICIAL MINUTES 



OF THE 



World's Columbian Commission 



First Session — First Day, Thursday, June 26, 1890. 

The World's Columbian Commission was called to order this day in ^J^ft Meet- 

•' ing. i nurs- 

the City of Chicasro, at 12 o'clock noon, by Commissioner Adlai T. Ewing, SMm"*^^ 

^ ** ' ' -^ ^'12 o'clock. 

of Illinois, at the request of the Department of State. 

Prayer by the Rev. Dr. John H. Barrows, of Chicago. 

Mr. Deere, of Illinois, nominated Mr. Harris, of Virginia, as Temporary Temporary 
Chairman. ^^^^"^"• 

Mr. Cochran, of Texas, seconded the nomination. 

Mr. Harris was unanimously elected Temporary Chairman, and on 
assuming the chair, made the following address: 

Gentlemen of the Commission: By authority of the Act ^^'^^tmllrit^ 
Congress, approved April 25, 1890, and the subsequent act of the c^»^^^™*°- 
Secretary of the United States, you assemble here to-day to organize 
the World's Columbian Commission, for the purpose of celebrating the 
400th anniversary of that unparalleled historic event — the discovery of 
America in the year 1492. 

Prior thereto, America, which now shows the world the way to 
human enlightenment and human liberty, was unknown to civilization. 
For centuries the people of the Old World had labored in the formation 
of governments, the establishment of kingdoms, the creation of thrones, 
and the cultivation of the arts and sciences, not knowing, not dreaming 
that toward the setting sun there was a world— the balance power and 
equilibrium of the universe. 

It was for the Italian, Christopher Columbus, to discover and the 
Anglo-Saxon to develop the new land, and in the brief space of 400 

5 



6 Worl(T s Columhian Commi fusion. 

First ses- ygars to make America the greatest, the wisest, and the best on earth. 
^*^- [Applause.] Then it is befitting that the great event, which under the 
providence of God has been of such transcendent good to mankind, 
should be duly solemnized and celebrated by a grateful people. It was 
befitting that the United States should inaugurate the movement. It was 
befitting that the infant city by the lake should be the place— befitting 
because her phenomenal growth, the result of the energy and the brain 
of her people, is typical of the growth of this great country. Its found- 
ers have lived to see it the third city among English-speaking people. 
Neither storm, nor tempest, nor fire, nor sword could retard her progress. 
Her motto has been, " Never despair;" but onward and upward has been 
her course, until to-day the world's history presents no rival — no parallel. 
[Applause.] 

With such people as these this Commission are to join hands to 
make the coming celebration worthy of the thought that conceived it, 
of the magnitude of the event it celebrates, and to make it like the city 
in which it is neld, without an equal now or for a century to come. 

Gentlemen of the Commission, we must steadily bear in mind that 
while we are at the helm directing the course of the ship the people of 
Chicago are at the oars — that they are the motive power, and that to 
succeed perfect harmony of thought and action must be our guiding star. 
Let no thought of section, party, or self be your governing motive, but 
let us all with one heart join hands with the local authorities with a firm, 
determined, and inflexible purpose, by the help of God, make this, the 
coming celebration, the greatest of modern times. [Long applause.] 

Mr. Price, of Kansas, was unanimously elected Temporary Secretary. 
On motion of Mr. Martin, of Nebraska, Messrs. W. E. Curtis and H. 
Howe, of the State Department, were made assistant secretaries. 

Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, moved that the roll of Commissioners 
be called, as furnished by the gentlemen representing the Department of 
State, and that said roll be regarded as the authentic and official roll of 
the members of this Commission. 
The motion was carried. 
Roll-call. The call of the roll was then proceeded with, the following Commis- 

sioners responding as present: 
commis- Alabama — Oscar R. Hundley, Fred. G. Rromberg; G. L. Werth, 

Bloners and 

I'S^t alternate. 

ii|. ™^^ " Arkansas — John D. Adams, Lafayette Gregg; T. H. Leslie, 
alternate. 

California — M H. de Young, William Forsyth. 

Colorado — Fred J. V. Skiff, Roswell E. Goodell. 
Connecticut — Leverett Brainard, Thomas M, Waller. 



Minutes of the First Session. 7 

Delaware — Willard Hall Porter, George V. Massey. First ses- 

' * "^ 8lon— First 

Florida — Richard Turnbull, Joseph Hirst. ^^^' 

Georgia — Charlton H. Way, Lafayette McLaws. 

Illinois — Charles H. Deere, Adlai T. Ewing; L. Funk, alternate. 

Indiana — Elijah B. Martindale, Thomas E. Garvin; W. E. McLean, 
alternate. 

Iowa — W. I. Buchanan, William F. King. 

Kansas — Reese R. Price, Charles K. Holliday, Jr. 

Kentucky — John Bennett, James A. McKenzie; D. N. Comingore, 
alternate. 

Louisiana — Davidson B. Penn, Thomas J. Woodward. 

Maine — Augustus R. Bixby, William J. Davis. 

Maryland — James Hodges. 

Massachusetts — Francis W. Breed, Thomas E. Proctor. 

Michigan — M. Henry Lane, Charles H. Richmond; Geo. H. Bar- 
bour, alternate. 

Minnesota — M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley. 

Mississippi — Robert L. Saunders, Joseph M. Bynum. 

Missouri — C. H. Jones, T. B. Bullene. 

Montana — Lewis H. Hershfield, A. H. Mitchell. 

Nebraska — Albert G. Scott, Euclid Martin; John Lauterbach, 
alternate. 

Nevada — James W. Haines, George Russell. 

New Hampshire — Charles D. McDuffie. 

New Jersey — Thomas Smith, William J. Sewell. 

New York — John Boyd Thacher. 

North Carolina — A. B. Andrews, Thomas B. Keogh. 

North Dakota — Hamline P. Rucker, Martin Ryan; Chas. H. Stan- 
ley, alternate. 

Ohio — William Ritchie, Harvey P. Piatt. 

Oregon — Henry Klippel, M. Wilkins. 

Pennsylvania — William McClelland. 

Rhode Island — Lyman B. Goff, Gardiner C. Sims. 

South Carolina — J. C. Coit. 

South Dakota — William Mclntyre, M. H. Day. 

Tennessee — Thomas L. Williams, L. T. Baxter; A. B. Hurt, alter- 
nate. 

Texas — John T. Dickinson, Archelaus M. Cochran. 

Vermont — H. Henry Mclntyre, Bradley B. Smalley. 



8 World's Columbian Commission, 

^I^n-nrst ViRGiNlA—John T. Harris. 

Day. 

Washington — Charles B. Hopkins, Henry Drum. 

West Virginia — J. W. St. Clair, James D. Butt. 

Wisconsin — Philip Allen, Jr., John L. Mitchell. 

Arizona — George F. Coats, William Zeckendorf; H. H. Logan, 
alternate. 

District of Columbia — Alexander T. Britton, Albert A. Wilson. 

Idaho — George A. Manning. 

Oklahoma — J. D. Miles, Othniel Beeson. 

New Mexico — Richard Mansfield White, Thomas C. Gutierres. 

Utah — Patrick H. Lannan. 

Wyoming — Asahel C. Beckwith, Henry G. Hay; A. S. Mercer, 
alternate. 

Commissioners-at-Large — Augustus H. Bullock, of Massachusetts; 
Thomas W\ Palmer, of Michigan; Richard C. Kerens, of Missouri; 
Peter A. B. Widener, of Pennsylvania; Henry Exall, of Texas; Mark L. 
McDonald, of California; Wm. Lindsay, of Kentucky; Gorton W. Allen, 
of New York. 

The following alternates responded, upon the roll-call of their 
respective States, in the absence of their principals: 

New York — James H. Breslin. 

Pennsylvania — John K. Hallock. 

South Carolina — E. L. Roche. 

Virginia — Charles A. Heermans. 

Utah — William M. Ferry. 

At the call of Mr. Woodward, Mr. Penn, of Louisiana, stated that 
Mr. Woodward expected to arrive this morning, but owing to the delay 
of trains on the railroad, he was unable to be here. 

On the call of South Carolina, the name of Mr. Butler was called, 
and he being absent, the name of Mr. E. L. Roche, his alternate, was 
called, and he responded. 

Mr. Kiesel, of Utah, being absent, his alternate, Mr. Ferry, who was 
present, answered in his stead, and his name was placed on the roll. 

A telegram was received and read stating that Mr. Exall, one of the 
Commissioners-at-Large, would arrive this evening. 

Credentials. The Temporary Chairman stated that, upon the suggestion of the 

ment"'roii gentleman from Kentucky (Mr. McKenzie) the appointment of a Commit- 

inade offi- 
cial- tee on Credentials would be dispensed with, and that the reading of the 



Mimdes of the First Session. 9 

■official roll by the direction of the Secretary of State shall be taken as First sea- 

•' •' slon— First 

authentic evidence of the membership of the Commission, and the Chair ^*^' 
holds, unless objection be made, that it is the will of the Commission 
that the names called and entered by the Secretary be regarded as the 
official list of members of this Commission. 

There being no objection, it was so decided. 

Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, offered the following resolution, which 
was read: 

Resolved, That a Committee on Permanent Organization, composed ^on"pirma- 
of twelve, be appointed by the Chair, m the spirit of the act of Congress, ganizSon. 
to recommend to this Commission the names of permanent offices for 
this Commission, to consist of a President, Secretary, and as many Vice- 
Presidents as the Committee deem proper, and define their duties; and 
they shall further report what standing committees should be appointed, 
and the duties and the powers of each. 

Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, moved, as an amendment, after the words 
^*to be composed of twelve members," to insert the following: "to be 
■composed of twelve, three from each of the four sections of the United 
States." 

The motion was seconded. After some discussion, Mr. Hundley 
withdrew his amendment. 

Mr." McDonald, of California, seconded the resolution offered by Mr. 
McKenzie. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved to lay the resolution upon the 
table. 

Mr McKenzie moved to strike out the word " President " from the 
resolution. 

After considerable discussion, the resolution, with motions referring 
thereto, was withdrawn, and the following was offered in lieu thereof: 

Resolved, That a Committee on Permanent Organization, consisting of consists of 
twelve, be appointed by the Chair in the spirit of the act of Congress, to "I'^^nbers. 
recommend a list of permanent offices necessary to the proper conduct of 
this Commission, and to define the duties pertaining to the same; and they 
shall further report what standing committees should be appointed, and 
the duties and powers of each. 

Mr. Britton, of the District of Columbia, moved to amend the resolu- 
tion by inserting after the word "offices" the words "and officers," and 
also to add to the latter part of the resolution the words, " to report also a 
plan and scope of this Exposition. 



10 World) s Columbian Commission. 

:^i scs- These amendments were, after discussion, laid upon the table. 

.oil— First ' ^ 

^"^' The question recurring upon the resolution, it was unanimously 

Adopted, adopted. 
Members of The Chair appointed, as the Committee on Permanent Orsranization. 

till' Com- 1 I- ? o > 

Vvnnan^c^t Messrs. McKenzie, of Kentucky; Ewing, of Illinois; McDonald, of Cali- 
tioD. fornia; Smalley, of Vermont; Cochran, of Texas; Kerens, of Missouri; 

Widener, of Pennsylvania; Goodell, of Colorado; Breslin, of New York; 

Martindale, of Indiana; Harrison, of Minnesota; Keogh, of North 

Carolina. 

^sTSu- ^" motion of Mr. Kerens, Lieutenant^Colonel H. C. Corbin, U. S. A.^ 

was requested to act as Sergeant-at-Arms until the permanent organization 
was effected. 

Committee Qn motion of Mr. Goodell, the Chair was instructed to appoint a 

the Com- committee of three to inquire and report to the Commission recommend- 

mission. 

ing suitable rooms for its use. Messrs. Goodell, of Colorado; Deere, of 
Illinois, and Way, of Georgia, were appointed. 

The Commission then adjourned to meet Friday, June 27, 1890, at 
10 o'clock a. m. 



First Session — Second Day, Friday, June 27, 1890. 

First ses- The Commission met pursuant to adjournment, with Temporary 

sec(>nd Chairman Harris, of Virginia, in the chair. 

The Chairman decided that a quorum was present, and stated that, 
on account of the heat, the roll-call would be dispensed with, if there was 
no objection. There being none, it was so ordered. 

On motion, the reading of the minutes was dispensed with, and the 
Chairman announced that the first business before the Commission 
would be the report of the Committee on Permanent Organization. 
Report of Mr. McKcuzie, of Kentucky, Chairman of the Committee on Perma- 

th(! Com- ' -^ 

Ivmian^ent nent Organization, submitted the following report: 

Organiza- 
tion, j^^ ^j^^ World's Columbiafi Coni7)iission: 

Officers. It is the sense of our Committee that the Commission shall appoint 

the following officers: First, a President, whose title shall be " President 
of the World's Columbian Commission;" second, five Vice-Presidents, 
who shall be denominated First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Vice- 
Presidents; the First Vice-President shall be of opposite politics to the 
President, and the other four shall be divided equally in politics; third, a 
Secretary. 



Minutes of the First Session. 11 

Duties of the President: The President shall preside over all the President: 

Ills duties. 

meetings of the Commission, and shall appoint all committees, unless 
otherwise directed by the Commission, and he shall have all the powers 
and authority incident to the office of President. 

Duties of the Vice-Presidents: In the absence of the President vice-Presi- 

' dents: 

Vice-Presidents, in their numerical order, shall perform the duties of the J'^^l^^ 
President. In the absence of all the Vice-Presidents, the Commission 
shall appoint a Chairman /;-<? tern. 

Duties of the Secretary: He shall keep a true and faithful record of secretary: 

•',,'■ his duties. 

the proceedings of this Commission, and perform such other acts and 
duties as shall hereafter be recommended by this Committee to the body 
of the Commission. 

Mr. McKenzie moved the adoption of the report, and, on behalf of the 
Committee, asked an extension of time as to the unfinished matters which 
were submitted to it. 

The motion was seconded by Mr. Bullene, of Missouri, and the report ^^X^'ted 
was unanimously adopted. 

On motion of Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, the Commission pro- 
ceeded to the election of President of the Commission. 

On motion of Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, seconded by Messrs. "^pafmer 
Widener, of Pennsylvania; de Young, of California; Sewell, of New Jersey; President 
Skiff, of Colorado; Cochran, of Texas; Thacher, of New York; Brainard, 
of Connecticut; Harrison, of Minnesota; and Rucker, of North Dakota, 
Mr. Thomas W. Palmer, of Michigan, was unanimously elected President of 
the Commission. 

The Chair appointed Messrs. Martindale, of Indiana; Lindsay, of Ken- 
tucky; Waller, of Connecticut; and Breslin, of New York, a committee tc 
escort President-elect Palmer to the chair. , 

On assuming the duties of his office the President made the follow- 
ing address: 

Gentlemen of the Columbian Commission: I am profoundly president's 

^ ■' address. 

grateful for the compliment that you have paid me; and yet, in accepting 
the position, I am infused with a feeling of trepidation as to what it 
involves. Men, as a rule, fear the tortures of the unknown, and that 
general clause in the definition of the duties of the President seems to 
me to involve much more than we would suppose at the first glance. It 
puts a great deal upon the President, and it may take a great deal away 
from him. In either case he proposes not to complain. I have heard it 
said that where the throes of birth were not extreme in the delivery of a 
child, the child was apt to be of little' good thereafter. On that account I 



12 World's Columbian Commission. 

''luJn-sec. regard my election by acclamation as a poor augury for my future. If 
ondDay. t^ere had been a little more of a struggle, it might have given me a 
greater experience of the peril, of the hardship of my next five years. In re- 
gard to that distinguished man whose name has been proposed in connec- 
tion with the Presidency — that admirable Crichton of America, that man 
who is always first in finance, at the social board, on the rostrum, or in busi- 
ness life — I would say that if he could have been induced to accept the 
position, I believe it would have given us greater prestige abroad and at 
home. I telegraphed to him that it had been suggested to me that if he 
were willing to become a candidate, I would decline to have my name 
presented; but the circumstances were such that Mr. Depew felt that he 
could not give it the time, and, therefore, I became a willing sacrifice. 
The Chair now awaits the pleasure of the Commission. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, offered the following resolution, which was 
unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That the Committee on Permanent Organization be 
instructed and directed to consider the matter of the several Vice-Presi- 
dents and other officers designated by their report just presented, and 
make recommendation to the Commission of suitable nominees for the 
same; and before determming upon their recommendation, that they 
shall sit for two hours to hear the individual views and preferences of 
such members of the Commission as may desire to address them in that 
behalf. 

On motion of Mr. Kerens, of Missouri, the Commission proceeded to 
the election of a permanent Secretary. 

■^Di^Jnaon ^^- ^^^^' ^^ Colorado, presented the name of Mr. John T. Dickin- 

setTetary. son, of Texas, which was seconded by Mr. Rucker, of North Dakota. 
Mr. Dickinson was unanimously elected Secretary. 
On taking his place at the Secretary's desk, Mr. Dickinson made the 
following remarks : 

Secretary's GENTLEMEN OF THE WoRLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION : Permit me 

address. 

to express to you my sincere gratitude for the high compliment you have 
paid me, and through me, the State of Texas, which I have the honor, in 
part, to represent in this Commission, by electing me as your secretary. 

I fully realize the magnitude of the enterprise which we are about to 
inaugurate, and if I did not conscientiously believe that I could success- 
fully perform the duties of Secretary of the World's Columbian Commis- 
sion, with credit to myself and to my State, and ultimately, I trust, to the 
satisfaction of this Commission, I would not have been a candidate for 
the honor. 

Having had considerable practical experience as secretary and 
general manager of fairs and expositions, I shall enter upon the discharge 
of the duties of this important office, teeling always the responsibility of 



Minutes of the First Session. 13 

the position, and witli the assurance of your confidence and support, First ses- 

. •' II' slon-Sec- 

I will endeavor to bring all the fidelity, intelligence, zeal, and industry I «'"' ^^y- 
may possess toward the satisfactory performance of the varied and 
exacting duties that belong, both directly and indirectly, to the office of 
the Secretary of the World's Columbian Commission. 

Again thanking you for the honor conferred upon me, I will now 
proceed to enter upon the discharge of the duties of the office. [Ap- 
plause.] 

On motion of Mr. Widener the following resolution was adopted : 
Resolved, That a committee of seven be appointed to communicate <^'o™"^j'/J^<'<j. 
with the local directors of the World's Columbian Exposition of Chicago, go^ mn^c- 
and notify them that this Commission is now permanently organized the^ coii'i- 

, . • . • 1 1 , • niissinii is). 

and prepared to receive any communications they may have to submit. orgauizou. 

Mr. Goodell, of Colorado, Chairman of the Committee on Permanent 
Quarters, asked for further time in which to report, which was granted. 

On motion of Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, an invitation to the Com- 
missioners and their alternates to attend a reception at Mr. Potter 
Palmer's was formally accepted. 

On motion of Mr. Britton, of the District of Columbia, the thanks 
of the Commission were extended to the temporary Chairman and the 
temporary Secretary for the very able manner in which they had per- 
formed the duties devolving upon them. 

Mr. King moved that the thanks of this Commission be tendered to ^°J""^J,'^,fj^^^,. 
the States' Association and the citizens of Chicagfo for the very eleo:ant of thanks 

^ .7 ?3 tothe^ 

banquet given the Commission at the Palmer House. Mr. Williams, of sociat'ion.^ 
Tennessee, moved, as an amendment, that the President of the Commis- 
sion appoint a committee of five to formulate a vote of thanks. The 
amendment was accepted by Mr. King, and the resolution was unanimously 
adopted. 

The President appointed the following gentlemen as a Committee on ^'^^1^^^^^^^^^' 
Banquet Resolutions: Messrs. King, of Iowa; McDonald, of California; ™^ '^^' 
Lindsay, of Kentucky; Exall, of Texas; Bullock, of Massachusetts. 

An invitation was received from Mr. Ferd. W. Peck for the Commis- 
sioners to attend High School exercises at the Auditorium, which was 
accepted. 

The President announced that complimentary tickets of admission to 
the Board of Trade had been received and would be distributed to the 
Commissioners by the Secretary. 

The Commission then adjourned until lo o'clock Saturday morning, 
June 28, 1890. 



14 World's Columbian Commission, 



Roll-call. 



First Session — Third Day, Saturday, June 28, 1890. 

^\on-Third The Commission met at 10 o'clock a. m. President Palmer in the 

Day. 

chair. 

The roll was called, and the following Commissioners and alternates 
were present: 

Alabama— O. R. Hundley, F. G. Bromberg; W. S. Hull and G. L. 
Werth, alternates. 

Arkansas — John D. Adams, Lafayette Gregg; T. H. Leslie, 
alternate. 

California — M. H. de Young, William Forsyth. 

Colorado— F. J. V. Skiff, R. E. Goodell; O. C. French, H. B. 
Gillespie, alternates. 

Connecticut — T. M. Waller, L. Brainard. 

Delaware — W. H. Porter, G. V. Massey. 

Florida — R. Turnbull, J. Hirst. 

Georgia — L. McLaws, C. H. Way. 

Illinois — A. T. Ewing, C. H. Deere; L. Funk, alternate. 

Indiana — E. B. Martindale, T. E. Garvin; W. E. McLean, alternate. 

Iowa — W. F. King, W. I. Buchanan. 

Kansas — R. R. Price, C. K. Holliday, Jr. 

Kentucky — J. A. McKenzie, J. Bennett; D. N. Comingore, alternate. 

Louisiana — D. B. Penn, T. J. Woodward. 

Maine — A. R. Bixby, J. G. Davis; C. S. Edwards, alternate. 

Maryland — J. Hodges. 

Massachusetts — F. W. Breed, T. E. Proctor. 

Michigan — ]\[. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; George H. Barbour, 
alternate. 

Minnesota — O. V. Tousley, M. B. Harrison. 

Mississippi — R. L. Saunders, J. M. Bynum. 

Missouri — C. H. Jones, T. B. BuUene. 

Montana — L. H. Hershfield, A. H. Mitchell. 

Nebraska — A. G. Scott, Euclid Martin; John Lauterbach, alternate. 

Nevada — J. AV^ Haines, G. Russell. 

New Hampshire — C. D. McDuffie. 

New Jersey— T. Smith, W. J. Sewell. 

New York — J. B. Thacher, James H. Breslin, alternaf^. 



Minutes of the First Session. 15 

North Carolina — A. B, Andrews, T. B. Keogh. First ses- 

sion— Third 

North Dakota— H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Chas. H. Stanley, ^*y- 
alternate. 

Ohio— H. P. Piatt, W. Ritchie. 

Oregon — H. Klippel, M. Wilkins; J. L. Morrow, alternate. 

Pennsylvania — W. McClelland; J. K. Hallock, alternate. 

Rhode Island — L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims. 

South Carolina — J. C. Coit; E. L. Roche, alternate. 

South Dakota — W. Mclntyre, M. H. Day. 

Tennessee — L. T. Baxter, T. L. Williams, A. B. Hurt, alternate. 

Texas — A. M. Cochran, J. T. Dickinson. 

Vermont — B. B. Smalley, H. H. Mclntyre. 

Virginia — J. T. Harris; C. A. Heermans, alternate. 

Washington — C. B. Hopkins, H. Drum. 

West Virginia— J. W. St. Clair, Jas. D. Butt. 

Wisconsin — J. L. Mitchell, P. Allen, Jr. 

Arizona — G. F. Coats, W. Zeckendorf ; H. H. Logan, alternate. 

Idaho — G. A. Manning. 

New Mexico— R. M. White, T. C. Gutierres. 

Utah — P. H. Lannan; W. M. Ferry, alternate. 

Wyoming — A. C. Beckwith, H. G. Hay. 

District of Columbia — A. A. Wilson; Dorsey Clagett, E. K. 
Johnson, alternates. , 

Oklahoma — J. D. Miles, O. Beeson. 

Commissioners-at-Large — A. G. Bullock, of Massachusetts; R. C. 
Kerens, of Missouri; G. W. Allen, of New York; P. A. B. Widener, of 
Pennsylvania; W. Lindsay, of Kentucky; T. W. Palmer, of Michigan; 
H. Exall, of Texas; M. L. McDonald, of California. 

On motion of Mr. Harris, of Virginia, all reporters and correspond- Kepresenta- 
ents for the press were invited to seats on the floor durino: the sessions of the press 

^ ^ invited to 

the Commission. be present. 

Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, as Chairman, submitted the following 
additional report of the Committee on Permanent Organization: 

Tj the World s CotuDibian Commission: 

In accordance with the resolution of the Commission, that the ^^^*^*?°^i 

' report of 

Committee on Permanent Organization, after a hearing and a careful n,utS°on 
consideration of the merits of the various candidates presented for Vice- orSza°' 
Presidents of the World's Columbian Commission, recommend to the 



IQ World's Columbian Commission. 

First ses- Commission five gentlemen for the offices of First, Second, Third, Fourth, 
Dar™'%nd Fifth Vice-Presidents, for its action, we, the Committee, would 
respectfully submit the names of the following Commissioners: First 
VKcProsi- Vice-President, Thomas M. Waller, of Connecticut; Second Vice-Presi- 
"^'"^ dent, M. H. de Young, of California; Third Vice-President, Davidson B. 
Penn, of Louisiana; Fourth Vice-President, Gorton W. Allen, of New 
York; Fifth Vice-President, Alexander B. Andrews, of North Carolina. 
Director- It has been decided that, for the more efficient conduct and manage- 

'''''''^' ment of the business of the Commission, the Executive Committee shall 
select a suitable person, who shall be known and recognized as Director- 
General, whose office shall be at the headquarters of the Commission in 
Chicago, and whose duties, powers, and compensation shall be fixed by 
said Committee. 

Duties of the Director-General: 
His powers He shall exercise such supervision, direction, and control of the 

""''^^"''''operationof the World's Columbian Exposition as will tend to promote 
the efficiency of every agency employed; and to this end, and on questions 
of general policy and administration, it shall be his duty, when practicable, 
to avail himself of the judgment of the Executive Committee, and be 
subject to their direction; but in the absence of such Committee, he shall 
be authorized and instructed to assume all such executive powers and 
functions as shall be necessary to secure promptness, efficiency, and good 
faith in every department of the work. In the selection of such Director- 
General, the Executive Committee shall confer with the Directors of the 
World's Columbian Exposition. 



COMMITTEES. 



Standing For the purpose of facilitating the work imposed on the World's 

?eer''' Columbian Commission, it is respectfully suggested that the following 
committees be appointed by the President, in accordance with the spirit 
of the act of Congress: 

j^irst—A^ Executive Committee, 

consisting of twenty (20) Commissioners. 

^^r^w^— Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

jy^^y^—COMMITTEE ON TARIFFS AND TRANSPORTATION, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

/T^^^rM— Committee on Foreign Affairs, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

jrif//i — Committee on Legislation, 

consisting of one Commissioner from each 
State and Territory and the District of Co- 
lumbia. 



Minutes of the First Session. 17 

Sixth — Committee on Arts and Sciences, First ses- 

. . . sion— Third 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. i^ay. 

Seventh — Committee on History, Literature, and Popular 

Education, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

Eighth — Committee on Agriculture, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners. 
Ninth — Committee on Live Stock, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners. 

7^e7tth — Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners. 

Eleventh — Committee on Finance, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

Twelfth — Auditing Committee, 

consisting of four (4) Commissioners. 
Thirteenth — Committee on Ceremonies, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 
Fourteenth — Committee on Classification, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

Fifteenth — Committee on Manufactures, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

Sixteenth — Committee on Commerce, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

Seventeenth — Committee on Mines and Mining, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

Eighteenth — Committee on Fisheries and Fish Culture, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

There shall be constituted, in pursuance of the Law of Congress, a Lady Mana- 

Kcrs 

Board of Lady Managers, consisting of one woman from each State and 

Territory and the District of Columbia, which shall be known as The 

Woman's Department of the World's Columbian Commission; and the How ap- 
pointed. 
President of this Commission shall appoint said Lady Managers; and, in 

addition to* the number from each State and Territory, he may appoint 

nine women of the City of Chicago. 

Adlai T. Ewing, 

Secretary of Committee. 

Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, moved that the report be printed before 
being adopted. 

Mr. Exall, of Texas, moved, as an amendment, that the portion of the 

report referring to the election of five Vice-Presidents be excepted from 
the report. 



18 World's Columhian Commission. 

first ses- Mr. Sewell accepted the amendment, and the motion, as amended, 

8lon— Third * > 7 » 

^^"^- prevailed. 

vice-Presi- Mr. Thomas M. Waller, of Connecticut, was then elected First Vice- 

dents 

elected. President; Mr. M. H. de Young, of California, Second Vice-President; Mr. 
Davidson B. Penn, of Louisiana, Third Vice-President; Mr. Gorton W. 
Allen, of New York, Fourth Vice-President; and Mr. Alexander B. 
Andrews, of North Carolina, Fifth Vice-President. 

In response to an invitation of the Board of Directors of the World's 
Columbian Exposition, the Commission decided to visit Jackson Park by 
steamer, and to return by special train in time for a drive to the North Side 
Parks. 

Notification On motion of Mr. McDonald, of California, the President and See- 

to the 

of the^u°s. retary were instructed to notify the President of the United States that 

that the 

commis- the World s Columbian Commission was permanently organized. 

eion IS or- *^ 

ganized. 

The Commission then adjourned until lo o'clock a. m., Monday, 
June 30, 1890. 



First Session— Fourth Day, Monday, June 30, 1890. 

rirstses- The Commission met at 10 o'clock a. m., pursuant to adiourn- 

sion— ' *^ •* 

Fourth , 

Day. ment. 

President Palmer in the chair. 

On motion of Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, it was decided that the 
roll should not be called hereafter, except by special order of the Com- 
mission. 
Official Min- On motion of Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, it was decided that the 

uies to be 

daiVy!^'^ official miuutes be printed daily and distributed for the use of Commis- 
sioners at the next meeting. 
^tEo"m- ^^^ Committee on Permanent Quarters submitted a letter from Mr. 

Ptnim- Ferd. W. Peck, tenderinef rooms in the Auditorium building: for use of 

nent Quar- 70 o 

^®"" the Commission, and the Committee recommended the acceptance of the 
rooms for the temporary use of the Commission, and asked further time 
for the selection of permanent quarters. 

On motion of Mr. Waller, the report was referred back to the Com- 
mittee to be completed. 



Minutes of the First Session. 19 

The Committee appointed to inform the Directors of the World's First see 

' '■ sion— 

Columbian Exposition that the World's Columbian Commission is organ- Day.'^^ 
ized and prepared to receive any communication they may wish to sub- 
mit, presented the following report : 

Chicago, III., June 30, 1890. 
Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: Report of 

the Com- 

Sir: The Committee appointed to inform the Directors of the mjufy®t\?e 
World's Columbian Exposition that this Commission is now organized DireSy 

• • 1 • , . , , . of the or- 

and prepared to receive any communication they might wish to submit, ganization 
beg leave to report that they have performed their duty, and, further, ^°q'™^^' 
that they were informed by Mr. Gage, and the other Directors whom 
they had the pleasure of meeting, that their Board would submit to this 
Commission, at its meeting on Tuesday next, a communication stating 
the site selected, also accompanying the same with a statement of the 
subscription, properly certified, in order that we might take action in 
accordance with the law under which we are acting. 

P. A. B. WiDENER, Chair7nan^ 

M. B. Harrison, 

R. C. Kerens, 

Thomas B. Keogh, 

John Boyd Thacher, 

B. B. Smalley. 

There being no objection, the report of the Committee was adopted. * 

■ Mr, King, of Iowa, Chairman of the Committee on Banquet Resolu- 
tions, submitted the following report, and moved its adoption: 

Whereas, The States' Association, in behalf of the citizens of Chi- Report of 

. . the Com- 

cago. With characteristic generosity, provided an elegant reception and mittee on 
banquet for the United States Commissioners of the World's Columbian Jjong^"' 
Exposition, at the Palmer House, on Thursday evening, June 26, 1890; and 
Whereas, This banquet was most elaborate and sumptuous, and 
displayed exquisite taste, not only in respect to the rich viands pro- 
vided, but also in all the aesthetic appointments and decorations of the 
occasion; and 

Whereas, Excellent opportunity was thus afforded the members 
of the Commission of forming the acquaintance of each other, and of 
many of the leading citizens of Chicago; therefore. 

Resolved^ That the Commissioners hereby tender unanimous and 
hearty thanks for this generous hospitality. 

William F. King, Chairmaii^ 
Mark L. McDonald, 
William Lindsay, 
Henry Exall, 
A. G. Bullock. 



20 World's Columbian Commissioii. 

^iiion-^^' ^^^^ report was adopted, and the Secretary was ordered to transmit 

Dayf^** a copy to the proper officials. 

Mr. Williams, of Tennessee, offered the following resolution, and 
moved that it lie on the table until to-morrow: 

Resolved, That when this Commission finally adjourn, it shall be to 
meet again on Thursday, the i8th day of September next. 

Mr. Bullock, of Massachusetts, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 

Resolved, That the local corporation be requested, when propositions 
for site or sites are presented to this Commission, to appoint a committee 
who shall be able to give information and answer questions that may be 
propounded in relation thereto. 

Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That no Commissioner shall speak oftener than one time 

on any motion or proposition, and then for not longer than ten minutes; 

but the mover of a motion or proposition shall have the right to close the 

debate, although having once spoken. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved to refer this resolution to the 
Committee on Rules. The motion prevailed. 

Mr. Bromberg, of Alabama, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted: 

^^'tJT^^ifon Resolved, That a committee of five, composed of Messrs. Smalley, 

tiniSciai Kerens, Thacher, Widener, and Sewell, be appointed, whose duty it shall 

of"the^^'^ be to ascertain and report to the Commission whether or not the coxpora- 

co*ium-^ tion organized under the laws of the State of Illinois, known as *' The 

i)ian Expo- ' 

chicag? World's Columbian Exposition," has an actual and bona fide and valid 
subscription to its capital stock which will secure the payment of at least 
five millions of dollars, and whether or not five hundred thousand dollars 
of such subscription has been actually paid in; and whether or not said 
corporation has made provision for obtaining a further sum of five 
million dollars, making in all ten million dollars, and in what such pro- 
vision for the additional five millions of dollars consists. Said committee 
shall further report the law and the facts upon which their conclusions are 
based. 

Mr. Exall, of Texas, moved that the name of Mr. Bromberg, of Ala- 
bama, be added. The motion prevailed. 

The Secretary read the following communication: 

Chicago, June 30, 1S90. 
^7u Wash. Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President Columbian Commission: 

liit'ton 

I'arkciub. The Washington Park Club desires to be favored with the presence 

of your honorable body, at their club-house, Tuesday afternoon, July ist. 



Minutes of the First Session. 21 

A special train will leave the Illinois Central depot, foot of Lake Fim^jea- 

Street, at 1.55 o'clock, stopping at Van Buren Street at 1.57; returning ^'^]^^ 

after the races. 

Very respectfully, 

G. H. Wheeler, 

President. 

On motion of Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, the invitation was accepted 
with thanks. 

The Secretary read the following communications: 
Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: ^'SSpe^ct 

With this will be presented an invitation from the Board of Com- park.^''^ 
missioners of Garfield Park for your honorable body to make a trip to 
Garfield Park, one of the proposed sites for the Fair. It is not a long 
ride, and I shall be very much pleased if your Commission accept the 
invitation submitted to you. 

Very respectfully yours, 

Lyman J. Gage, 
President World's Columbian Exposition. 

From the West Park Commissioners. 

Chicago, June 28, 1890. 

To the Honorable, the Natio7ial Cojnmissioners of the World's Columbian 

Exposition: 

Gentlemen: At a meeting of the West Park Commissioners, the 

following resolution was unanimously adopted, viz.: 

Resolved, That we invite the United States and State Commissioners 

of the World's Columbian Exposition to visit and inspect the proposed 

Garfield Park site at the close of their meeting, Monday morning, June 30, 

1890. 

In pursuance of the above resolution, we take pleasure in stating 

that carriages will be in readiness at the Grand Pacific Hotel, at the close 

of your meeting, for the purpose stated in the above resolution. 

Very respectfully. 

Your obedient servants, 

C. K. G. Billings. 

H. L. Thompson. 

Willard Woodard. 
The invitation was accepted. 

The Secretary read the following report of the Committee on Per- 
manent Organization: 

Chicago, III., June 30, 1890. 

Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: '^Je'wt^of 

Sir: The Committee on Permanent Organization would respectfully mfttee^n 
submit the following amendment to the printed report submitted to the nenrur- 
Commission on Saturday: 



22 World's Columbian Commission. 

First ses- Resoivcd, That there shall be constituted a Board of Ladv Managers, 

Blon— ' 

Fourth consisting: of two women and two alternates therefor, from each State and 

Day. o ' 

Territory and the District of Columbia, which shall be known as the 
Woman's Department of the World's Columbian Commission, and the 
Commissioners from each State and Territory shall nominate from their 
respective States or Territories such Lady Managers and alternates, and 
the President of this Commission shall appoint said nominees to said Board 
of Management; and, in addition to the number from each State and Ter- 
ritory, the President of the Commission may appoint nine women of the 
City of Chicago; and the eight Commissioners-at-Large shall in like manner 
nominate eight women and eight alternates to act upon said Board of Lady 
Managers; and that the whole number of women so nominated and ap- 
pointed shall constitute the Board of Lady Managers contemplated by the 
act of Congress, 

Respectfully, 

Adlai T. Ewing, 

Secretary of Coumiittee. 

The report was laid over under the rules. 

Mr. Hodges, of Maryland, offered the following resolution, which was 
laid over under the rules: 

Resolved^ That there shall be constituted, in pursuance of the law of 
Congress, a Board of Lady Managers, consisting of one woman and one 
alternate from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia, 
which shall be known as the Woman's Department of the World's Colum- 
bian Commission; and the President of this Commission shall make said 
appointment on the joint nominations of the Commissioners from each 
State and Territory and from the District of Columbia; and, in addition to 
said appointments, the President of this Commission may appoint nine 
women of the City of Chicago. 

On motion of Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, it was decided that the 
Commission will not entertain any proposition in relation to a site unless 
it comes from the officers of the World's Columbian Exposition, in accord- 
ance with the law. 

^^tilm'oYtiie ^^^ special order for to-day at lo o'clock being the remainder of the 

th«c'om- report of the Committee on Permanent Organization, it was taken up and 

iiilttce on 

ncnt Or- rcau. 
^iiniza- 

*''^"- Mr. Williams, of Tennessee, moved to consider the report section by 

section. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, moved to defer the further consideration 
of the report until such time as the report of the Committee on Perma- 
nent Organization be complete. 



Minutes of the First Session. 28 

Mr. de Young, of California, moved to lay the motion of Mr. Massey First s<*- 

slon— 

on the table. ^uunb 

The motion was carried. 

The question recurring upon the motion of Mr. Williams, it was 
adopted. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, moved the adoption of the section refer- 
rinof to the Director-General. 

Mr. Jones, of Missouri, offered the following as a substitute: 

" For the efficient conduct and management of the work imposed 
upon the Commission by the act of Congress, a Director-General and 
Commissioner-General shall be chosen by the Commissioners, whose 
ofitices shall be at the headquarters of the Commission in Chicago, and 
whose duties, powers, and compensations shall be fixed by the Executive 
Committee, subject to confirmation by the Commission. 

''Duties of Director-General and Commissioner-General: The 
Director-General shall be responsible to the Executive Committee of the 
World's Columbian Exposition. It shall be his duty to supervise the 
preparation of the site, the erection of buildings, and the details and 
administration connected with the business conduct and control of the 
Exposition. The Commissioner-General shall be directly responsible to 
the Director-General, with the right to appeal to the Executive Commit- 
tee. It shall be his duty to devise and advertise special attractions cal- 
culated to draw and entertain crowds by its arrangement, and special 
days and ceremony, and to devise methods for promoting and popular- 
izing the Exposition. The Director-General and the Commissioner- 
General shall be of different political parties, in pursuance of the spirit 
of the act of Congress." 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, offered the following amendment to the 
substitute offered by ^Ir. Jones: 

" The Executive Committee, after conference with the World's 
Columbian Exposition of Chicago, shall recommend to the Commission a 
suitable person, who shall be known and recognized as the Director- 
General, whose office shall be at the headquarters of the Commission in 
Chicago, and whose duties, powers, and compensation shall be fixed by 
the Commission." 

After protracted debate, the amendment of Mr. Waller was adopted. 

Mr. Bromberg, of Alabama, called for the ayes and noes upon the 
adoption of that portion of the report creating the office of Director- 
General, as amended by the substitute offered by Mr. Waller. 

The President ruled that the call was not sustained, whereupon Mr. 
Bromberg asked unanimous consent to have his vote recorded in the 
negative, and the consent was granted. 



24 World'' s Columbian Commission. 

first See- The question recurrins: upon the adoption of Mr. Waller's amend- 

5ay"^ ment for the first paragraph of the Committee's report, the amendment 
and the section as amended were adopted. 

Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, then moved the adoption of the 
second section of the Committee's report. 

The second section, as amended by the Committee, was read, as 
follows: 

DUTIES OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 

He shall exercise such supervision, direction, and control of the 
operation of the World's Columbian Exposition as will tend to promote 
the efficiency of every agency employed; and to this end, and on ques- 
tions of general policy and administration, it shall be his duty to avail 
himself of the judgment of the Executive Committee, and be subject to 
their direction. He shall be authorized and instructed to assume all such 
executive powers and functions as shall be necessary to secure prompt- 
ness, efficiency, and good faith in every department of the work. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved to lay this amendment upon the 
table to be considered to-morrow. The motion was seconded. 

Mr. Jones, of Missouri, offered the following amendment, to go with 
the Committee's amendment, by inserting the following: '' And he shall 
make report to such committee at each meeting thereof." 

Mr. Waller accepted this amendment, and his motion prevailed. 

The next paragraph of the report of the Committee was read, as 
follows: 

For the purpose of facilitating the work imposed on the World's 
Columbian Commission, it is respectfully suggested that the following 
committees be appointed by the President, in accordance with the spirit 
of the act of Congress. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, moved to amend that part of the 
report which provides that the President shall appoint the committees, 
and to add that the President and five Vice-Presidents shall appoint the 
committees. 

After some discussion, Mr. St, Clair withdrew his motion. 

On motion of Mr. Smith, of New Jersey, the pending paragraph was 
adopted. 

The next paragraph was then taken up and read, as follows: 

First — An Executive Committee consisting of twenty (20) Commis- 
sioners. 



Minutes of the First Session. 25 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, moved that the number be changed to rir8t^_se8- 

, , • / /-x Fourth 

twenty-Six (26). Day. 

Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, on behalf of the Committee, accepted 
the amendment of Mr. Massey. 

Mr. Gregg, of Arkansas, moved the number be reduced to six- 
teen (16). . 

On motion of Mr. Williams, of Tennessee, the amendment of Mr. 
Gregg was laid on the table. 

Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, offered the following amendment: 

First — An Executive Committee, consisting of one Commissioner 
from each State and Territory and the District of Columbia. The mem- 
bers of said committee present at any meeting shall constitute a quorum 
for the transaction of business. 

On motion of Mr. Smalley, of Vermont, the amendment of Mr. 

Hundley was laid upon the table. 

Mr. Hodges, of Maryland, offered the following amendment: 

That the President and Vice-Presidents be included upon this com- 
mittee, making the total number twenty-six. 

On motion of Mr. Mclntyre, of South Dakota, this amendment was 
laid upon the table. 

Mr. Mclntyre moved that the motion which increased the number 
from twenty to twenty-six be reconsidered. 

On motion of Mr. St? Clair, of West Virginia, Mr. Mclntyre's motion 
was laid upon the table. 

The question recurring upon the adoption of the pending section of 
the committee's report, upon the motion of Mr. Cochran,, of Texas, the 
section was adopted, making the Executive Committee consist of twenty- 
six Commissioners. 

The next section was read as follows : 

Second — Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 
On motion of Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, and seconded by Mr. 
Cochran, tliis section, as read, was adopted. 

The next section was read as follows: 
Third — Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, 
consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

On motion of Mr. Widener, seconded by Mr. Cochran, this section, 
as read, was adopted. 



26 World's Columbian Commission. 

First ses- The ncxt section was read as follows: 

slon— 

Da?!"^^ /'^z/rM— Committee on Foreign Affairs, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 
On motion of Mr. Cochran, seconded by Mr. Smalley, of Vermont,, 
this section, as read, was adopted. 

The next section was read as follows: 

j^ifi/i — Committee on Legislation, 

consisting of one (i) Commissioner from each 
State and Territory and the District of Columbia. 
Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved to insert two instead of one Com- 
missioner from each State, etc. The motion prevailed, and the section, 
as amended, was adopted. « 

The next section was read as follows: 

^/^//z_Committee on Arts and Sciences, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 
On motion of Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, seconded by Mr. 
Cochran, of Texas, this section, as read, was adopted. 
The next section was read as follows: 
Seventh— CoumiT^^ on History, Literature, and Popular 

Education, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 

The next section was read as follows: 

Eighth — Committee on Agriculture, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 
The next section was read as follows: 

JSTinth — Committee on Live Stock, 

consisting ot sixteen (i6) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 
The next section was read as follows: 

Tenth Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture,. 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 
The next section was read as follows: 

Eleventh — Committee on Finance, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 



Minutes of the First Session, 27 

The next section was read as follows : First ses- 

' Blon— 

Twelfth — Auditing Committee, Day. 

consisting of four (4) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 
The next section was read as follows : 

Thirteenth — Committee on Ceremonies, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 

The next section was read as follows : 

Fourteenth — Committee on Classification, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 
The next section was read as follows : 

Fifteenth — Committee on Manufactures, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 

The next section was read as follows : 

Sixteenth — Committee on Commerce, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 
The next section was read as follows : 

Seventeenth — Committee on Mines and Mining, 

consisting of sixteen (16) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 

The next section was read as follows : 

Eighteenth — Committee on Fisheries and Fish Culture, 
consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

This section, as read, was adopted. 

The next section of the report was read as follows : 

There shall be constituted, in pursuance of the law of Congress, 
a Board of Lady Managers, consisting of one woman from each State 
and Territory and the District of Columbia, which shall be known as the 
Woman's Department of the World's Columbian Commission. 

Mr. Hodges, of Maryland, was about to offer a substitute for the 
foregoing section, when Mr. Kerens, of Missouri, on behalf of the Com- 
mittee on Permanent Organization, submitted the following substitute: 



28 World's Columbian Commission. 

First ses- Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: 

elon— . . 

ga"''^*' Sir: Your Committee on Permanent Organization would respect- 

fully submit the following amendment to the printed report submitted to 
the Commission on Saturday: 

Resolved, That there shall be constituted a Board of Lady Managers, 
consisting of one woman and alternate therefor from each State and 
Territory and the District of Columbia, which shall be known as the 
Woman's Department of the World's Columbian Commission, and the 
Commissioners from each State and Territory and the District of Colum- 
bia shall nominate, from their respective States and Territories and the 
District of Columbia, such Lady Managers, and the President of this 
Commission shall appoint said nominees to said Board of Managers, and 
in addition to the members from each State and Territory and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, the President of the Commission may appoint nine 
women of the City of Chicago. The respective Commissioners-at- 
Large shall in like manner nominate eight women and alternates-at- 
Large to act upon said Board of. Lady Managers, and that the wiiole 
number of women so nominated and appointed shall constitute the Board 
of Lady Managers contemplated by the act of Congress. 

Mr. Smith, of New Jersey, moved to strike out the word "one" and 
insert the w^ord "two." The motion was .seconded by Mr. \\aller. of 
Connecticut, and prevailed, and the substitute, as amended, was adopted. 
Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, offered the following amendment: 
Insert betw^een fourth and fifth committees the following: 

''Fifth A Committee on Buildings and Grounds, 

to consist of sixteen Commissioners." 

Mr. Williams, of Tennessee, moved to strike out " sixteen " and 
insert "twenty," which was accepted by Mr. Hundley, and the amend- 
ment was adopted. 

On motion of Mr. Hundley, the numerical order of the committees 
was changed so that the amendment, as adopted, would be the fifth com- 
mittee. 

On motion of Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, seconded by Mr. St. Clair, 
of West Virginia, the vote by which Mr. Hundley's amendment was 
adopted was reconsidered, and on motion of Mr. Widener, of Pennsyl- 
vania, it was laid upon the table. 
Official Di- On motion of Mr. Brainard, of Connecticut, the Secretary was 

rectory of 

X'ir instructed to have a list of the names of Commissioners and alternates 
printV'ciby pi.i,-,|-e(j fof the Convenience and use of the Commissioners, and that the 
**''^' post-office addresses of such Commissioners and alternates be given. 



Minutes of the First Session. 29 

On motion of Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, the Secretary was in- to include 

' -^ the act of 

structed to include in this publication a copy of the law of Congress ru"iefand 

coinmlt- 

€reating the Commission, and also the rules and committees that may '^'-'^s. 
have been formed up to the time of its printing. 

Mr. Garvin, of Indiana, offered the following resolution, which was 
adopted: 

Resolved, That all motions and resolutions looking to the cre?tion of 
further standing committees be referred, without debate, to the Com- 
mittee on Permanent Organization. 

Mr' Groner, of Virginia, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the President of this Commission appoint a committee 
on rendezvous in Hampton Roads, in Virginia, and review of the navies 
of the world, in New York, as provided by act of Congress. 

Referred to Committee on Permanent Organization. 

Mr. Tousley, of Minnesota, offered the following resolutions: 

Resolved, That the seventh committee be named Committee on 
Science, Literature, and History, consisting of eight Commissioners. 

Resolved, That a new committee be created, named Committee 
on Universities, Colleges, and Public Schools, consisting of eight Com- 
missioners. 

Referred to Committee on Permanent Organization. 

Mr. Hodges, of Maryland, offered the following resolution, which 
was referred to the Committee on Permanent Organization: 

Resolved, That it is the sense of this convention that the alternates 
jointly appointed with the Commissioners shall have the right to represent 
their principals who may be members of the committees, at all meetings 
at which the Commissioners themselves may be unable to attend, and to 
execute all the powers and functions which might be performed by such 
Commissioners if present. 

Mr. iVllen, of Wisconsin, offered the following resolution, which was 
referred to the Committee on Permanent Organization: 

Resolved, That the President appoint a standing committee of eight 
(8) on Police Regulations and Public Comfort. 

The President stated that a committee of citizens of Chicago, repre- 
senting the West Side, were waiting to take the Commissioners upon a 
tour of inspection of the parks in that section of the city. 

The Commission then adjourned until lo o'clock a. m. to-morrow 
(Tuesday), July i, 1890. 



30 World's Columbian Commission. 



First Session— Fifth Day, Tuesday, July i, 1890. 

^Sln-^^' '^^^ Commission met, pursuant to adjournment, at 10 o'clock a. m., 

Fifth Day. ^^ . , -r. , . , , . 

President Palmer in the chair. 

On motion of Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, the roll-call was dispensed 
with. 

Mr. Roche, of South Carolina, asked that it appear in the record 
that Mr. Coit was absent on account of urgent business. 

A letter was read from Mr. Jones, of Missouri, stating that he was 
absent on account of illness in his family. 

The Secretary stated that, in addition to the full stenographic report 
of each meeting of the Commission, which was being printed, the official 
minutes of the proceedings of the Commission were also being printed, 
but would not be ready for distribution until after the meeting of the 
Commission to-day. 

The reading of the minutes of the meeting of yesterday was then 
dispensed with. 

Mr. Bullene, of Missouri, offered the following resolution, which was 
adopted: 

Resolved, That the resolution of yesterday, requesting the Secretary 
to communicate by wire with the Secretary of the Treasury for informa- 
tion as to the method by which the Commissioners shall receive their 
mileage and per diem, be expunged from the records. 

Mr. Asa S. Mercer, alternate from Wyoming, stated that he was 
present in place of his Commissioner, Mr. Beckwith, who was not here 
to-day. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted : 

Whereas, Questions have already been suggested, and others are 
likely to arise, touching the nature and quality of the duties and powers 
imposed on and delegated to this body by the act of Congress creating 
it; and 

Whereas, It is obviously import-ant that the powers and jurisdiction 
of this Commission should be definitely ascertained and clearly under- 
stood, to the end that its efficiency may be promoted and maintained, and 



Minutes of the First Session. 31 

so as that all controversy as to the lawful exercise of its powers may be^Kn-^** 

.J , ^, r Fifth Day. 

avoided, therefore, 

Resolved^ That a special committee of six be, and is hereby consti- 
tuted, to be appointed by the President in accordance with the spirit of 
the act of Congress, to consider the question of the rights, duties, and 
powers of this body under the said act ; and to submit a report of its 
deliberations, defining the quality, character, and extent thereof, to the 
next adjourned meeting of the Commission. 

Mr. Strong, alternate from Tennessee, offered the following resolu- 
tion : 

Resolved^ That the Board of Lady Managers, authorized and required 
by Congress, receive the same pay for their services as we, the Commis- 
sioners, do for ours, viz.: six dollars per day and actual expenses for 
transportation. 

On motion of Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, the resolution of Commis- 
sioner Strong was referred to the Special Committee on the Powers of the 
Commissioners. 

[First Vice-President Waller, of Connecticut, in the chair.] 

Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted : 

Resolved, That the President of this Commission be, and he is hereby The Presi- 
• ■' dent, ex- 

made, one of the twenty-six (26) members of the Executive Committee, "^^"'^^'e* 

and, ex-officio, the Chairman thereof. manof the 

Executive 
Commit- 
On motion of Mr. Kerens, of Missouri, the President and Secretary ^^®' 

were unanimously requested to send the following telegram to Hon. 

Chauncey M. Depew, New York City, one of the members of this 

Commission: 

Your fellow members of the World's Columbian Commission wish you 
bon voyage and God speed. May seas be calm before you, the skies clear, 
the winds fair. We know you are free from ordinary danger. No ice- 
berg couJd live within a thousand miles of you, and Neptune himself must 
wear a smiling countenance while you are on the sea. We feel assured that 
as you move in the pomp of courts and the hearts of the people abroad, 
you will appropriately present the attractions and possibilities of the com- 
ing World's Fair. 

While you tarry on the other side, may you receive something of that 
pleasure and entertainment you impart to others, and when in time you 
return to us, may you come invigorated in body, refreshed in mind, and 
ready for any of the duties, responsibilities, and honors which may await 
you in your native land. 



32 World's Columbian Commission. 

^e"n-^*" Mr. Porter, of Delaware, offered the following resolution: 

Fifth Day. 

Resolved, That this Commission shall adjourn to-morrow (July 2d), 
to meet again in this city on Wednesday, October 8th next, at 12 o'clock 
noon. 

Mr. Strong, alternate from Tennessee, moved as an amendment, that 
when the Commission adjourn, it shall adjourn to meet on a certain 
day, or upon call of the President, if he should desire to call it earlier. 

The resolution, as amended, was laid upon the table. 

Mr. V\'hite, of New Mexico, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That all matters referred to the committees be printed and 
distributed among the members of the Columbian Commission at least one 
day before final action is had upon them. 

Referred. 

Mr. Ferry, alternate from Utah, moved to reconsider the vote by 
which the Commission yesterday adopted the motion of Mr. Sewell, of 
New Jersey, to-wit: that this Commission would not consider any site 
unless recommended by the Local Directory. 

Upon motion of Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, the motion to recon- 
sider was laid upon the table. 

Mr. Deere, of Illinois, offered the following resolution, which was 

adopted: 

Committee Rcsolved, That the members of the Committee on Legislation be 

iation:in- rcQuested to act throuQ^h their respcctivc State and Territorial represen- 

structions ^ o i 

^"- tatives, at the first session of the legislatures of their respective States 

and Territories, and urge proper legislation relative to the World's Ex- 
position of 1893. 

First Vice-President Waller being in the chair, President Palmer 
offered the following resolution: 

That the Vice-Presidents be added to the Executive Committee. 

, After some discussion, this resolution was laid upon the table. 

Mr. de Young, of California, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted: 
CommiB- Resolved. That this Commission issue to the Ladv Managers a haiid- 

8l<jii« to be 

LaliyVian- ^^^^^ commissiou, signed by our executive officers. 

agtM's. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, offered the following resolution, which 
was referred to the special committee defining the duties of the Commis- 
sioners: 



Minutes of tlie First Session. 



33 



Resolved, That until the report on the status of the alternates is First ses- 

, Blon— 

made by the Committee on Permanent Organization, an alternate is en- Fifth Day. 
titled to a seat in the Commission with all the powers of a Commissioner, 
in the absence of the Commissioner. 

[President Palmer in the chair.] 

Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, Chairman of the Committee on Per- 
manent Organization, submitted the following report, which was adopted, 
with the exception of the fourth paragraph, relating to the naval display 
at Hampton Roads and New York Harbor, which was withdrawn: 



Chicago, III., July i, 1890. 
Hon. T. W. Palmer, President of the World's Columbian Commission: 

Sir: The Committee on Permanent Organization would respect- 
fully report that it has had under consideration sundry resolutions 
referred to it, and has taken the following action: 

The resolution asking for the appointment of a committee on Indian 
affairs, consisting of six Commissioners, was rejected, being, in the judg- 
ment of the Committee, covered by the Committee on Classification. 

The resolution recommending a committee on grounds and buildings 
was rejected, the same being covered by the organization of the Local 
Board. 

The resolution suggesting a committee on rendezvous at Hampton 
Roads, in Virginia, and review of the navies of the world, in New York, 
was rejected, being provided for in the act of Congress, and such duties 
of the Commission appertaining to this matter are covered by the Com- 
mittee on Ceremonies. 

The resolution that the President appoint a standing committee of 
eight (8) on police regulations and public cortifort, was unanimously 
adopted. 

The resolution that a timber committee be appointed, consisting of 
eight (8) Commissioners, was rejected, the same, in the judgment of the 
Committee, being covered by the Committee on Agriculture. 

The resolution that a committee on electricity and electrical appli- 
ances be appointed was adopted, the committee to consist of eight (8) 
Commissioners, and to be empowered to call in the assistance of such 
expert aid as they may deem necessary. 

The resolutions that the seventh committee be named Committee on 
Science, Literature, and History, consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 
and that a new committee be created named Committee on University, 
College, and Public School Education, consisting of eight (8) Com- 
missioners, were laid upon the table for future consideration and action 



Additional 
Report of 
the Com- 
mittee on 
Perma- 
nent Or- 
ganiza- 
tion. 



34 World's Coluvihian CommUsion. 

Fim See- I am instructed by the Committee to ask the privilege of sitting, dur- 

FiftlTDay. \^^^ ^he rccess of this Commission, at such points as the Committee may 

select, to consider all the subject-matter referred to the Committee for its 

action; and that we be authorized to employ a stenographer, and have 

him attend the sessions of the Committee. 

Respectfully, 

James A. McKenzie, 

Chairvian. 

Naval Re- Mr Groncr, of Virsfinia, presented the following resolutions from the 

view and ' j o i 

?ous in" Chamber of Commerce of Norfolk, Va., in reference to the naval review 

April, 1893. , , . ^ , 

at Hampton Roads, and moved their reference to the proper committee 
when appointed: 

The World's Naval Rendezvous in Hampton Roads in 1893. 

Resolutions offered by Mr. M. Umstadter, in Chamber of Commerce, 
June 16, and referred and unanimously passed by the Board of Directors 
June 23, 1890: 

Whereas, The rendezvous of the navies of the world in Hampton 
Roads in the spring of 1893, as contemplated in the act of Congress 
approved April 25, 1890 (being the original House Bill as amended in the 
Senate by the Hon. John W. Daniel), requesting the *' sovereigns of all 
nations" to unite in celebrating the landing of Columbus in Amer- 
ica, and which has been passed and has become law, will probably attract 
to the waters adjacent to our harbor the largest number of war ships ever 
concentrated near one port; and 

Whereas, A proper effort would probably secure the adoption of 
such a programme for the evolution of the fleet, maneuver of the vessels, 
the exercises of the sailors and marines, together with the entertainment 
of the visiting and American officers, as would make this feature of the 
celebration of the great historical event one memorable for its unique 
character, and one that would attract to the Atlantic States visitors from 
all parts of this and foreign countries; therefore, be it 

Resolved, is/, That the President of the Chamber of Commerce appoint 
a committee of twenty, to be known as the General Committee, of which 
the President of the Chamber shall be ex-officio the Chairman, :his Com- 
mittee to be subdivided into smaller committees, whose duties it shall be 
to consider the practicability of forming a plan or programme for the naval 
rendezvous in Hampton Roads in 1893, its possibilities and requirements, 
and to take all the necessary steps to carry said plan into execution. 

Resolved, 2d, That, as many of our sister cities in Virginia, the cities 
of Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York will be equally 
interested in making this feature of the celebration a great success, the 
General Committee shall have the power, through its representatives, to 
confer with the governments and citizens thereof, and invite their cooper- 
ation. 



Minutes of tlie First Session. 35 

Resolved, 3^, That the Committee may add to its membership officers Fim ^ea- 
of the army and navy, and that they may otherwise increase their mem- Fifth Day. 
bership as they may see fit. 

Resolved, ^th, That the Committee shall consider and advise as to any 
further legislation, assistance, and cooperation desired from the City, 
State, or United States. 

Resolved, e^th. That the acknowledgments of this body be tendered to 
the Hon. John W. Daniel, for his thoughtful consideration of Virginia in his 
amendment to the resolution above referred to, and that he be, and 
hereby is, elected an honorary member of all committees of the Colum- 
bus Celebration appointed under these resolutions. 

The following resolutions were presented and referred to the Com- 
mittee on Permanent Organization: 

By Mr. Heermans, alternate from Virginia — 

A Committee on Printing, composed of eight (8) Commissioners. 

By Mr. Mitchell, of Wisconsin — 

A Committee on Ethnology, Archaeology, and Natural History, of 
eight (8) Commissioners. 

By Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia — 

A Committee on Forestry, of eight (8) Commissioners. 

An invitation to attend Barnum & Bailey's " Greatest Show on 
Earth " was accepted for eight o'clock this evening. 

Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, on behalf of the committee to confer 
with the Local Board, reported that a committee from the Local Board 
would, during the day's session, come before the Commission, and a 
recess was then taken until 12 o'clock noon, to await the arrival of the 
committee. 

The Commission met at 12 o'clock, and took a recess for twenty 
minutes. 



Upon reconvening, at ten minutes to i o'clock, the committee to 
confei with the Local Board reported that representatives from said 
Board were now present; and the said committee, composed of Messrs. 
P. A. B. Widener, of Pennsylvania; R. C. Kerens, of Missouri; John Boyd 
Thacher, of New York; B. B. Smalley, of Vermont; W. J. Sewell, of New 
Jersey, and F. G. Bromberg, of Alabama, submitted the followin.o- as 
their report: 



36 World'' s Columbian Commission. 



^tKoin- EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN 

mitti'i' ap- 

KS£ EXPOSITION. 

to the 

financial 

condition /-< „ „ t i o 

of the Chicago, July i, 1890. 

World's 

Colum- J 

bian Expo- To the Wovld s ColumMan Commission : 

Bltion of 
Chicago. 

Gentlemen: At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the World's 
Columbian Exposition, held this day, the following resolution was unan- 
imously adopted: 

siteforthe Resolvcd, That this Board hereby adopts — subject to the concurrence 

Colum- of the authorities having: iurisdiction thereof — the Lake Front and 

blan Expo- ° J 

sition. Jackson Park as the site for the location of the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition, it being the intention of the Board to make as large a use as may 
be possible of room now existing or that may hereafter be gained on the 
Lake Front, and u^e Jackson Park so far as may be necessary to provide 
adequate room and buildings for the Exposition. 

Very respectfully, 

J. H. KiNGWILL, 

Approved: Acting Secretary. 

Lyman J. Gage, 

President. 



^SaSnt ^^ ^^^ World's Columbian Commission: 

of the 

co'ium-^ As requested by your committee, we hereby submit to your honora- 

eiuon.''^°* ble body, on behalf of the World's Columbian Exposition, incorporated 
as the World's Exposition of 1893, the following financial exhibits: 

Pirst — A certificate from J. H. Kingwill, Assistant Secretary, showing 
the bona fide and binding subscriptions to the capital stock of said 
corporation to be $5,000,000. 

Second — Affidavit of A. F. Seeberger, Treasurer of this corporation, 
showing actual cash on hand in bank, subject to check, to be $669,139.83. 

Third — A statement from Otto Young, Chairman of the Committee 
on Ways and Means, showing new subscriptions to the $5,000,000 in- 
crease of capital stock of $500,000 or more. 

In explanation of the last item, we would respectfully state that at a 
meeting of the stockholders of this corporation, held June 18, 1890, the 
capital stock was increased, in conformity with the law, to $10,000,000. 
Of this amount, more than $500,000 has already been subscribed, and 
the committee are adding new subscribers daily. 



Minutes of the First Session. 37 

Under Section 5 of the act of Congress creating your Commission, it First ^es- 
is required that the corporation shall satisfy you that, in addition to a Fi"hDay 
valid capital of $5,000,000, "the further sum of $5,000,000, making 
$10,000,000 in all, will be provided in ample time for its needful use during 
the prosecution of the work for the complete preparation for said Expo- 
sition." 

This corporation is not unmindful of its duty in this direction, and 
expects to meet it fully and completely. 

To make provision therefor, the capital stock, as above shown, has 
been increased to $10,000,000. Subscription to the new stock is being 
steadily pushed under the direction and care of a capable Committee, 
known as the Committee on Ways and Means. 

It is expected that we will be able to place a large part, if not all, of 
this with our own people and friends, during the next six months. In ad- 
dition to this, negotiations have been had with the Common Council of 
the City of Chicago for advances in cash to this corporation, from time 
to time as it may require, to the amount of $5,000,000. Lacking power 
under the law, the Common Council, by a unanimous vote, has made a 
request to the Governor of the State for a special meeting of the State 
Legislature, to take action on a bill which will enable the city to make 
this advance. The Governor of the State has issued his proclamation, 
convening the Legislature on July 23d next. As the proposed enabling 
act, if passed, will, under our constitution, have to be submitted to a vote 
of the people at the next general election afterwards held — to-wit, No- 
vember 4th next — we will not be in a position to make a binding con- 
tract with the city until after that date. No doubt is entertained, how- 
ever (as both people and press are in hearty sympathy with the move- 
ment) of its favorable outcome. 

Should this resource fail, however, we feel perfect confidence in our 
ability, through increase of stock subscriptions, and by use of our credit 
in other directions, to provide the full ten millions, as conditioned in Sec- 
tion 5. In fact, our plans contemplate, through the joint effect of both 
lines of action, not ten millions, but a total of twelve and a half or fifteen 
millions, in ample time for the use and purposes of the Exposition. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Lyman J. Gage, 

President. 

Chicago, July i, 1890. 



38 WorlcV s Columbian Commission. 

^^l\L-" THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Fifth Day. 

Statement of Cash Balance lo A. M., June 30, 1890. 

Stationary Accounts. 

Merchants' National Bank §59,000.00 

*' '' " Spl. acct 11,984.00 

Commercial National Bank 59,500.00 

National Bank of Illinois 59,500.00 

Illinois Trust & Savings Bank 59,500.00 

Continental National Bank 5 2,500.00 

Corn Exchange Bank 5 2,500.00 

Metropolitan National Bank 35,000.00 

American Tfust & Savings Bank 35,000.00 

The Northern Trust Company 35,000.00 

Chicago National Bank 35,000.00 $494,484.00 

Active Accounts. 

Union National Bank $69,473.59 

Merchants' Loan & Trust Co 96,568.44 $166,042.03 

Temporary Account. 
Chicago National Bank 8,663.80 

Total cash on hand $669, 1 89.83 

Correct: A. F. Seeberger, Treasurer. 

I, Anthony F. Seeberger, Treasurer of the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition, hereby certify that the above is a true and correct statement of the 
cash in bank, subject to the checks of the above-named corporation at 
this date. 

(Signed) Anthony F. Seeberger. 

Subscribed and sworn to before me, at Chicago, III., this 30th 
[seal] day of June, 1890. 

John D. Vandercook, 
Notary Public. 
Attest: Ferd. W, Peck, 
Otto Young, 
John J. P. Odell, 

Majority of Finance Committee. 



Minutes of the First Session. 39 



SECRETARY'S OFFICE OF THE WORLD'S Fim ^es- 

COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. • SiTDay 

Chicago, June 30, \l()o. 
Lyman J. Gage, Esq., President, City: 

Dear Sir: The books of this Company show the total subscription 
to the original capital stock of the Company to be for 500,000 shares at 
$10.00 each, making the total amount $5,000,000, subscribed for by 
28,308 persons, firms, and corporations. 

The original subscription books are filed in the office of the Treas- 
urer, and have been entered under my supervision, and all of the sub- 
scriptions are, to the best of my knowledge and belief, bona fide and 
binding. 

Yours truly, 

J. H. KlNGWlLL, 

Assistant Secretary. 

The above is hereby approved and respectfully submitted to the 
World's Columbian Commission as evidence of the fact that the World^s 
Columbian Exposition, formerly known as "The World's Exposition of 
1892," has an actual bona fide and valid subscription to its capital stock 
of $5,000,000, as required under Section 5 of the act of Congress cre- 
ating the World's Columbian Comm.ission, and providing for an exhibi- 
tion of arts, industries, manufactures, etc., to be inaugurated in the year 
1893 in the City of Chicago. 

Lyman J. Gage, 

President. 

After hearing the representatives of the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion of Chicago, Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, offered the following reso- 
lution: 

Resolved, That the site proposed by the President and the Directors 
of the World's Columbian Exposition, of Chicago, for the holding of 
the World's Columbian Exposition be, and the same is, formally accepted 
by this Commission. 

After some discussion, Mr. de Young, of California, moved, and it ^^S'^post. 
was voted, that the foregoing resolution, together with the reports and wednes- 
statements of the Committee of the Local Board, be laid upon the table, 
and be printed and made the special order for 10 o'clock to-morrow 
morning, to which hour, upon motion, the Commission then adjourned. 



40 World's Columbian Commission. 



^Son-' First Session— Sixth Day, Wednesday, July 2, 1890. 

Sixth Day. 

The Commission met at 10 a. m. pursuant to adjournment. 

President Palmer in the chair. 

On motion of Mr. Harris, of Virginia, Governor Fifer, of Illinois, 
was invited to sit with the Commission during its present session. 

The reading of the minutes of previous sessions was ordered, during 
which the President ruled that when a member of the Commission was 
not present at roll-call, but was in his seat subsequently during the day, 
his name would be entered on the roll as present. 

Minutes of The minutes of the proceeding's of the Commission for the firsts 

previous i cs r 

corrected', sccond, third, fourth and fifth days were read, and, after certain correc- 

and adopt- 

^^- tions, adopted. 

verbatta During the reading of the minutes of the fifth day's proceedings, on 

dTscon- motion of Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, it was decided that hereafter the 

tinued. 

Stenographic reports of speeches be dispensed with. 

^Interests. ^ Communication was received from the Illinois Dairymen's Associa- 

tion, asking for the appointment of a special committee in charge of the 
dairy interest, including dairy cattle. 

Mr. Deere, of Illinois, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That a new committee be created, to be named the Com- 
mittee on Dairy Products, consisting of eight (8) Commissioners. 

Referred to the Committee on Permanent Organization. 

The following letter of congratulation was received from the officers 
of the Isabella Society, of Illinois, and was read and placed on file: 
communi- We, women of the city of Chicago, assembled in the Palmer House, 

QiH^nYsa- Tuesday afternoon, July i, 1890, send greeting to the World's Colum- 
etv'of^''^''bian Commission: 

You have given us an hour of rejoicing, tempered only by the appre- 
ciation of the responsibilities and the magnitude of the undertaking. 

In making a provision for nine women on the " Board of Lady 

Managers," from the city of Chicago, you have shown an unexpected and 

high appreciation of the extra labor which will naturally devolve upon us. 

In providing for 106 women, with alternates, you have made the 

grandest recognition of equality possible. 



Minutes of the First Session. 



41 



In deciding that these women should come from every State and First ses- 

*=' •' sion— 

Territory, and from the District of Columbia, you have nobly remembered sixth Day 
that woman shared with man the dangers and hardships in the pioneer 
period of this country, has taken with him every step in the progress of 
this nation, and is entitled to share with him the honor for what has been 
accomplished. 

Thus you have offered the grandest and most fitting opportunity ever 
afforded woman to demonstrate her ability in the economic world. 

We respectfully present for the consideration of your honorable body 
the following resolutions: 

Resolved^ That the words " The Woman's Department " be changed 
to the name designated by law in 'the act of Congress, viz.: "The Board 
of Lady Managers." 

Resolved^ That the " Board of Lady Managers " shall hold their first 
meeting, on call of the Secretary of the Commission, at the same time 
and in the same city that the Commission shall hold its next meeting. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Mrs. Holbrook, Dr. Julia Holmes Smith, 



Acting Secretary. 



Chairman. 



Per F. D. 



Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, Chairman of the Committee on Perma- Additional 

. report of 



nent Organization, made the following additional report of that Commit- 
tee, and moved its adoption: 

Chicago, July 2, 1890. 
Hon. T. W. Palmer, President of the World's Columbian Commission: 
Sir: The Committee on Permanent Organization would respect- 
fully suggest the amendment of the following committees recommended 
in a previous report: 

Amend the sixth committee to read: "Committee on Fine .vrts, 
consisting of eight (8) Commissioners." 

Amend the seventh committee to read: "Committee on Science, 
History, Literature, and Education, consisting of eight (8) Commis- 
sioners." Respectfully, 

James A. McKenzie, 

CJiairvian. 



the Com- 
mittee on 
Perma- 
nent Or- 
ganiza- 
tion. 



No objection being offered, the amendments and report were 
adopted. 

Mr. McKenzie also presented the following communication, and 
moved its adoption as a resolution: 



Ices. 



42 WorlcVs Cohrmhian Comviif^fdon. 

First Ses- CHICAGO, July 2, 189O. 

Sixth D.iy p^Qj^ rjs ^y Palmer, President of the World's Columbian Commission: 

To print Sir: The Committee on Permanent Organization respectfully ask 

copies of leave cf the Commission to have printed i,ooo copies of the report to be 

the report , ^^ ... , , . , 

Commit- prepared by them in the recess of the Commission, in order that said 
m^nelif" rcport mav be laid upon the desk for the information of members of the 
uol^"'^'*' Commission upon the day of their reassembling. 

Respectfully, 

James A. McKenzie, 

ChairmaJi. 
The motion was carried. 

Mr. Exall, of Texas, offered the following resolution: 
Resolved, That the Commission do now proceed with the special 
order of business for to-day by the adoption of the resolution offered by 
Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, to-wit: that the site proposed by the Presi- 
dent and Board of Directors of the Chicago Columbian Exposition be, 
and the same is hereby formally accepted by this Commission. 
Mr. Kerens, of Missouri, offered the following resolution: 
Requestfor Resolved. That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby requested to 

bSwrv- detail Col. H. C. Corbin, of the U. S. Army, now stationed in the City 
of Chicago, to report to the President of this-Commission, with a view to 
his assignment to such duties as the President of this Commission may 
determine. 

The resolution was adopted. 

Mr. E. B. Fisher, alternate for Michigan, desired to have it made a 
matter of record that he was present during the day's proceedings. 

Mr. de Young, of California, offered the following resolution as a 
substitute for the resolution of Mr. Exall, of Texas: 

Resolvedy That the Commission reject the site offered by the 
Directors of the Columbian Exposition. We request them to submit a 
site to this Commission where the Exposition can be held in one enclos- 
ure, without any side-shows or dismemberment of the same. 

After some debate the resolution was withdrawn. 

Mr. Rucker, of North Dakota, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That when the subject of sites for the World's Columbian 
Exposition is under discussion, that an opportunity be given each member 
of the Commission to express his views regarding the same; that the roll 
be called, and each Commissioner be limited to ten minutes unless 
extended by others waiving their right to speak. 

On motion of Mr. BuUent, of Missouri, the resolution was laid upon 
the table. 



Minutes of the First Session. 43 

Mr. Hirst, of Florida, offered the followinsr resolution: First ses- 

' ^ sion— 

Sixth Day. 

Resolved, That, in the discussion of a site for the World's Fair, no Rule of de- 

' bate on 

member shall speak more than once on the subject until all who wish to p^f'^j'te. 
speak have had the opportunity. 

The resolution was adopted. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, offered the following resolution : 

Resolved^ That in the judgment of this Commission the proposal of 
the so-called Lake Front and Jackson Park site for the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition is defective and unsatisfactory in the following, among 
other particulars, namely : 

ist. It is indefinite and uncertain in respect of the lands supposed 
to be tendered for occupancy by said Exposition. 

2d. Said proposal is not accompanied by any evidence that the 
Board of Directors have any control of or legal authority to tender the 
lands supposed to be offered. 

3d. Said proposal is not accompanied by any evidence that the 
proposed site would be adequate within the meaning of the act of Con- 
gress in facilities of transportation and in sanitary conditions. 

4th. Said proposal is not accompanied by any responsible guarantee 
of the fulfillment of the various conditions suggested in connection with 
said proposal, such as the proposed line of free transportation, etc. ; 
therefore, further, 

Resolved^ That said proposal be respectfully returned to said Board 
of Directors with the request that said objections be removed or that a 
site be presented free therefrom. 

The motion was seconded by Mr. White, of New Mexico. 

The President ruled that, as the special order should now come 
before the Commission, the resolution of Mr. St. Clair was out of order. 

Upon the resolution of Mr. Exall, of Texas, the Commission decided ^tum^^of the 
to proceed with the special order. Bite. 

NjVEr. Butt, of West Virginia, moved to strike out the words in the 
resolution of Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, " formally accepted by this 
Commission," and to insert in lieu thereof, "formally rejected by this 
Commission." 

Mr. Exall, of Texas, requested unanimous consent of the Commis- 
sion that the order of business be temporarily suspended, and that the 
gentlemen connected with the Chicago Board of Directors present in the 
room be now requested to state more fully the position at present arrived 
at, that the Commission may thoroughly understand the situation. 



44 World^ s Columhian Commission. 

First ses- Mr. McDonald, of California, made the same request. 

Blon- ' ' ^ 

sixth Day. Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved that the Commission do now in- 

ghen'^fhe vite the members of the Columbian Exposition to the privileges of the 

privileges 

^^Q^® floor of the Commission and to take part in the pending discussion. 

The motion was carried. 
[Vice-President Waller in the chair.] 

Mr. T. B. Bryan thereupon addressed the Commission at length in 
regard to the proffered site of the Lake Front and Jackson Park. 

In the course of his remarks, Mr. Bryan introduced the following: 

State of Illinois, ) 

County of Cook, > ss. 

South Park Commissioners. ) 

I, H. W. Harmon, Secretary of the Commissioners aforesaid, and 
custodian of its records and files, do certify that the following is a true 
copy of the resolution adopted by the said Commissioners, on the second 
day of July, A. D. 1890. 

Whereas, It appears that the Directory of the Columbian Exposi- 
tion is desirous of locating the same, in whole or in part in Jackson Park, 
be it, therefore, 

Resolved, That it is the sense of the South Park Commissioners that 
an area of more than 500 acres therein may be rendered available for 
such purpose. 

Ix Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and the seal 
of the said Commissioners, this second day of July, A. D. 1890. 

H. W. Harmon, 
[seal] Sec'y of the South Park Commissioners. 

Also the following, with regard to the practicability of filling the 
Lake Front: 

We, the undersigned engineers and contractors, desire to express our 
opinion that the area called for by the resolution adopted by the Board of 
Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition selecting the Lake Front 
site, can be prepared in ample time and in such manner as to meet all the 
requirements of the Exposition. 

IsHAM Randolph, Civil Engineer, 

Chicago Dredging and Dock Co., 
F. Davis, Manager. 
O. B. Green, 
Andrew Onderdonk, 
Chas. Frrz Simons, 
Sam'l G. Artingstall, 
Wm. Soov Smith. 



Minutes of the First Session. 45 

Following Mr. Bryan, Mr. Ferd. W. Peck addressed the Commission ^'/joni^^' 

, , . sixth Day. 

upon the same subject. 

Pending consideration of the special order, viz.: the resolution of 
Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, Mr. Groner, of Virginia, offered the follow- 
ing amendment : 

"and that all questions about title of said site and facilities of trans- 
portation, etc., etc., be referred to a committee of ten, to be appointed by 
the President of the Commission, and said committee shall be directed to 
report at the next meeting of the Commission. 

Mr. Martindale accepted this amendment to his resolution. 

Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That it is the sense of this Commission that a divided site 
for the World's Exposition will not be conducive to the best interests of 
State exhibits — nor the Exposition as a whole. 

Ruled out of order. 

Mr. Strong, alternate from Tennessee, offered the following amend- 
ment: 

Resolved, That in our judgment a people who have the pluck and 
brains to raise ten millions of dollars for a fair, have sense enough to 
know the best location for the same. 

" The resolution was read, but ruled out of order. 
The call of the roll was then demanded upon the resolution as 
amended. Pending the call, the amendment of Mr. Butt, of West Vir- 
ginia, to strike out the words " formally accepted," and insert the words 
** formally rejected, '^ was voted upon and was lost. 

On motion of Mr. Price, of Kansas, the Commission then proceeded 
to the call of the roll by States upon the special order, viz.: The resolu- 
tion of Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, as follows: 

Resolved, That the site proposed by the President and the Directors committee 

' 11./ Qtj Site 

of the Chicago Columbian Exposition for the holding of the World's FacimS 
Columbian Exposition be, and the same is, formally accepted by this 
Commission, and that all questions about the title of said site and facili- 
ties of transportation, etc., be referred to a committee of ten, to be 
appointed by the President of the Commission, and said committee shall 
be directed to report at the next meeting of the Commission. 

The roll was called, and the resolution was adopted by the following 
vote: 

Ayes. — Bullock, Palmer, Kerens, Allen, Widener, Exall, McDonald "^'^^^ °'} ^'^^ 

' ' ' ' '7 , accept- 

Hundley, Bromberg, de Young, Forsyth, Skiff, Goodell, Waller, Brainard, the site. 
Turnbull, Hirst, McLaws, Way, Ewing, Deere, Martindale, Garvin, 



46 World's Columbian Commission. 

^Ri*""' ^^"S> Buchanan, Price, Holliday, McKenzie, Bennett, Penn, Woodward, 
ay. pj.gg(j^ Proctor, Lane, Richmond, Tousley, Harrison, Saunders, Bynum, 
Bullene, Hershfield, Mitchell, Scott, Al.Mtin, Haines, Russell, Van Dyke, 
Smith, Thacher, Breslin, Keogh, Rucker, Ryan, Piatt, Ritchie, Hallock, 
Sims, Roche, Coit, Mclntyre of South Dakota, Strong, Williams, Hurt, 
Cochran, Dickinson, Mclntyre of Vermont, Smalley, Harris, Groner, 
Hopkins, Drum, Mitchell, Allen, Coats, Zeckendorf, Stearns, Gutierres, 
Lannan, Beckwith, Hay, Miles — 8i. 

Noes.— Porter, Massey, Klippel, Wilkins, Day, St. Clair, Butt, Man- 
ning, White, Ferry, and Beeson — ii. 

Absent or not voting: Lindsay, Adams, Bixby, Davis, Hodges, 
Lowndes, Jones, McDuffie, Aiken, McClelland, Goff, Britton, and Wil- 
son — 13. 

Excused from voting: Gregg — i. 
» Mr. McDonald, of California, offered the following resolution: 

Whereas, The Commission has, under the act of Congress, pro- 
vided for the establishment of a Board of Lady Managers, and no com- 
pensation has been arranged for said Lady Managers, therefore be it 

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the President 
immediately to wait upon Congress and arrange for an appropriation for 
the ladies appointed on this Board of Lady Managers. 

Referred to the Judiciary Committee. 

On motion of Mr. Massey, of Delaware, the Commission adjourned 
until ten o'clock to-morrow morning, July 3, 1890. 



First Session — Seventh Day, Thursday, July 3, 1890. 

First See- The Commission met at 10 o'clock a. m., pursuant to adjournment 

seventh president Palmer in the Chair. 

The President directed the members of the Commission to fill out 
and make oath to their vouchers for services and expenses, and to hand 
them to the Secretary, in order that they might be certified by the President 
and forwarded to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, moved that the President have the power 
to call together the Committee on Permanent Organization at such time 
as he sees fit before the next meeting of the Commission. The motion 
was seconded by Mr. Cochran, of Texas, and was carried. 

The Secretary read the minutes of the sixth day's proceedings, and, 
on motion of Mr. Massey, of Delaware, they were approved. 

The following communication was read by the Secretary: 



Minutes of the First Session. 47 

Chicago, Tuly t., i8qo. First sea- 

ISABELLA TO COLUMBUS. seventh 

A cordial invitation is hereby extended to the members of the 
World's Columbian Commission to call at any time at the headquarters of 
the Queen ^ Isabella Association, Room 209, 70 State Street, that each 
Commissioner shall be able to take back to the women of his State a per- 
sonal knowledge of the objects and methods of the work of the Queen 
Isabella Association, incorporated under the laws of the State of Illinois, 
August 17, 1889, for the expressed purpose of advancing the interests of 
women at the World's Fair. 

By order of the Directors, 

Dr. Frances Dickinson, 

Secretary. 
On motion of Mr. Price, of Kansas, the invitation was accepted. 

Mr. Skiff, of Colorado (by request), presented the following com- 
munication: 

Chicago, III., July 3, 1890. 
To the World' s Columbiaii Couunission: 

I have made a proposition to the World's Columbian Exposition 
Directors, and which they favorably consider, to place an underground 
mineral disolav of g^reat size and maofnificence at the World's Fair. 

A shaft, fifty feet by twelve, five hundred feet in depth, the finest 
ever constructed. A corridor, seven hundred feet by forty, circling around 
from one side the shaft to the other, that in magnificence would be a 
dream of beauty. Outside of this corridor a succession of drifts, show- 
ing the gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, coal, and salt mines of our country 
"in place," so that the observer could not only see the various kinds of 
ore, but the position in which it is found in nature. The proposition con- 
templates a vast expenditure of money and an enormous amount of 
labor. It should have over two years time for the proper construction. It 
needs but two hundred by one hundred and twenty-five feet of surface 
ground. 

If the management desire, it shall cost nothing to tiie Association, 
in case a charge for admission is allowed, and I feel that no other single 
attraction would bring as many people to the Fair as this. 

Will this Commission kindly designate a committee to confer with 
myself and the local committees, with a view of granting a permission, or 
giving me such assurances as to enable me to proceed with the organi- 
zation? A delay until late in the fall means a loss of valuable time and 
great expense. If any great buildings or engineering feat is to be a 
feature at the Fair, no time is to be lost. The local Committees do not 
feel like acting without consulting with the Commission. I would give 
further details, but fear of occupying valuable time restrains me. 

Ed. F. Browne, 

Afi/iing Engineer. 



48 World^s Columhian Commission. 

First See- Mr. Goodcll, of Colorado, offered the following resolution on the 

D™'^ same subject : 

Resolved, That the President of the Commission appoint a special 
committee to consult with the local committees and perfect such plan of 
details as to the manner in which such an exhibition as proposed by Col. 
Ed. F. Browne should be regulated and controlled, and report at the next 
meeting of this Commission ; such committee to consist of three Com- 
missioners. 

Select Com- The resolution was adopted, and Mr. Deere, of Illinois, Mr. Rich- 

mlttee on 

Exhibft. mond, of Michigan, and Mr. Phillip Allen, Jr., of Wisconsin, were 
appointed as a special committee to consider this matter. 

The following communication was read by the Secretary : 

Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: 

Sir: I have the honor to inform you that I shall be unable to attend 
the Commission on July 3, 1890, and have so advised my alternate, Mr. 
E. B. Fisher, of Grand Rapids, Mich. I am, sir, 

M. Henrv Lane, 

Com7nissio?ier f7'0J?i Michigan. 

The President FLated that, in the absence of instructions, Mr. Fisher 
would act in the place and be entitled to all the privileges of Mr. Lane. 
There being no objection, it was so ordered. 

Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, as Chairman of the Committee. on Per- 
manent Organization, submitted the following report : 

Additional The Sub-Committce of the Committee on Permanent Organization 

thtrcom- will meet at the Continental Hotel, Philadelphia, on the third Tuesdav 

niittee on 

perma- in this mouth, and they respectfully ask authority to cable for a full set 
fion!^*' ^^ ^^""^ reports of the Paris Exposition, and to obtain the benefit of such 
expert testimony as in their judgment may be necessary; and the expense 
attending this investigation, including the necessary expense of traveling 
incurred by the Committee, shall be defrayed out of the appropriation of 
Congress. 

On motion of Mr. McKenzie, seconded by Mr. McLityre, of South 
Dakota, the report was adopted. 

8ub-com- xhe followinsf Commissioners were announced as the Sub-Committee; 

mlttrc of t> ^ 

niut.-l'".m Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania; Mr. Breslin, of New York; Mr. Kerens, 

Pernia- 

ganizi^" o^ Missouri; Mr. Harrison, of Minnesota; Mr. Ewing, of Illinois, and, by 

tiou. 

resolution of the full Committee, the Chairman, Mr. McKenzie, of Ken- 
tucky, was added to this Sub-C!ommittee. 



Minutes of tlie First Session. 49 

Mr, Brainard, of Connecticut, offered the following resolution: First ses- 

' ^ sion— 

Resolved, That this Commission is satisfied that the World's Colum- Day^"^^ 
bian Exposition of Chicago has an actual, bona fide, and valid 
subscription to its capital stock which will secure the payment of at least Endorse- 

1 ' ^ •' ment of 

five million dollars, of which not less than five hundred thousand dollars cfa^i^sSs 
has been paid in. and that the further sum of five million dollars, making world's 
in all ten million dollars, will be provided by said corporation in ample bianExpo- 
time for its needful use during the prosecution of the work for the com- 
plete preparation of said Exposition. 
The resolution was adopted. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, offered the following resolution: 
Resolved, That the alternate members of the Commission shall have Aitematee 

' powers 

all the rights and privileges of Commissioners except the right to vote '^Q'lduties. 
when their principals are present. 

The resolution was adopted. 

Mr. McDonald, of California, called up a resolution which he had 
offered immediately before adjournment yesterday, viz.: 

Whereas, The Commission has, under the Act of Congress, pro- 
vided for the establishment of a Board of Lady Managers, and no 
compensation has been arranged for said Lady Managers, therefore be it 

Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed by the President im- 
mediately to w^ait upon Congress and arrange for an appropriation for the 
ladies appointed on this Board of Lady Managers. 

On motion of Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, the resolution was referred 
to the Special Committee appointed to report upon the powers of the 
Commission. 

Mr. Cochran, of Texas, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the Board. of Lady Managers be, and they are hereby 
declared and constituted officers of the World^s Columbian Commission, 
and as such shall receive the compensation of six dollars per diem and 
traveling expenses. 

Referred to the Committee on Judiciary. 

Mr. Ritchie, of Ohio, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That a committee, to be known as the Committee on Ma- 
chinery and Motive Power, be added to the standing committees, to consist 
of eight Commissioners. 

Referred to the Committee on Permanent Organization. 

Mr. HoUiday, of Kansas, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That in consideration of the efficient services rendered this 
Commission by Mr. E. M. Smith, the Secretary of this Commission be 
authorized to pay to Mr. E. M. Smith $200 for such services from the 
funds appropriated for the expense of this Commission. 



50 WorUr s Cohnnhian Comviission, 

First ses- After some discussion, this resolution was referred to the Auditing: 

Dar''' Committee. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, offered the following resolution: 
Recess. Resolved, That when this Commission take a recess to-day, it shall 

take a recess until Wednesday, the 8th day of October, at noon, 1890, 
unless sooner convened on call by the President. 
The resolution was adopted. 



The President appointed the following committees: 
Members of Committee on Titles, Local Facilities, etc.: Mr. Groner, of Vir- 

Cominittee 

on Titles, gjnia; Mr. Ewing, of Illinois; Mr. Butt, of West Virginia; Mr. Garvin, 
of Indiana; Mr. Skiff, of Colorado; ]Mr. Williams, of Tennessee; Mr. 
Ferry, of Utah; Mr. Hundley, of Alabama; Mr. Brainard, of Connecticut; 
Mr. Ryan, of North Dakota. 

Mr. Skiff obtained permission for his alternate, ^Ir. O. C. French, to 
attend the meetings of this Committee in his absence. 
Members of The Judiciary Committee: Mr. Massey, of Delaware; Mr. Lindsay, 

commit?ee.Q^ Kentucky; Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey; Mr-. St. Clair, of West Virginia; 
Mr. Smalley, of Vermont; Mr. Gregg, of Arkansas. 

At the request of Mr. Massey, which was unanimously agreed to, 
the name of Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, was placed first on the Com- 
mittee. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved^ That the Special Committee appointed to consider and 
report on the powers and duties of the Commission be, and they are 
hereby authorized and empowered to sit during the recess of the Com- 
mission, at such times and places as they may designate, for a perform- 
ance of their duty, and shall also have the power to employ a stenog- 
rapher. 

Resolvedy further y That the Special Committee shall cause 1,000 copies 
of its report to be printed in convenient form, and have the same ready 
for distribution among the Commissioners on the first day of the next 
meeting of the Commission. 

The resolution was adopted. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, offered the following resolution: 
Committee Whereas, The forestry interests of our country, including therein the 

*■*' practical branches of the timber and lumber production, are among the 

most important of our domestic industries, the lumber product ranking 
third in financial value, and only exceeded by agriculture and manu- 
factures, and 



Minutes of the First Session. 61 

Whereas, These interests are separate from any others, are capable First ses 
of making a large, attractive, and instructive display at the Exposition, l^y^'"'^ 
and ought to have independent representation, therefore 

Resolved^ That a committee of eight Commissioners be appointed by 
the Chairman, to be known as the Committee on Forestry and Lumber 
Exhibit, to have charge of such department. 

The President stated that, under the rules, this resolution would 
have to be referred without debate to the Committee on Permanent 
Organization. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, moved the suspension of the rules 
and the adoption of the resolution. 

The rules were suspended, and the resolution was adopted. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Titles and Local Facilities be 
allowed to sit during the recess of the Commission, and to employ a 
stenographer. 

The resolution was adopted. 

Mr. Strong, of Tennessee, offered the following Resolution : 

Resolved, That the President appoint a committee of six to fix the 
salaries of the officers and others in the employ of this Commission, and 
report to this body their action for ratification or rejection after the recess 
which this Commission is now about to take. 

After discussion, the resolution was referred to the Executive Com- 
mittee. 

On motion of Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, seconded by Mr. Cochran, 
of Texas, the vote by which the claim of Mr. Edwin M. Smith, for $200, 
was referred to the Auditing Committee was reconsidered, and the Sec- 
retary was directed to pay the claim, which was for preliminary work 
done by Mr, Smith in preparing temporary headquarters for the Com- 
mission. 

The President requested, for his benefit and information, that each 
member of the Commission furnish him, through the Secretary, a concise 
biographical sketch, embodying the date and place of birth, where and 
how educated, in what business or profession the members have engaged, 
what public positions they have held, and on what committees each 
Commissioner prefers to serve. 

Mr. Goodell, of Colorado, Chairman of the Committee on Permanent 
Headquarters, submitted the following report: 



52 World^s Columbian Commission. 

First ses- Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President of the World's Columbian Com- 

8ion— 

seveuth mission : 

^fho co?n- ^^^ Committee appointed to procure suitable and permanent head- 

Permanent Quarters foT the World's Columbian Commission, and to report their 
quMierB. action to the Commission, do respectfully recommend: 

jFirst — That the offices of the President, Secretary, and Executive 
• Committee be located in the Pullman Building, which, in their judgment, 

is central, well ventilated, and fitted with every convenience and modern 
improvement. The prices charged for these three offices are the same 
demanded of any other corporation or private individual. There is a 
portion of this building now under rent to the War Department, and it is, 
in their judgment, a suitable location for the permanent offices. 

Second — Should the Commission require further accommodations for 
its various committees, rooms adjoining, and suitable to the work of the 
committees, will be provided at the fixed schedule of prices. 

Third — In view of the fact that the entire Commission will not, in all 
probability, be summoned to Chicago very frequently during the next 
year, the Committee recommend that no hall be rented at present, but 
that the Secretary be empowered, upon consultation with the President, 
to procure and provide such a hall whenever the Commission is called 
together. 

Fourth^ The Committee, however, is empowered by the Second Vice- 
President of the Chicago Board (Mr. Potter Palmer) to offer to the Com- 
mission for its temporary or permanent meetings the club-room of the 
Palmer House, with a seating capacity of from 200 to 275. This is a 
very commodious and central location, and the only objection to. it is that 
the public-spirited Vice-President, Mr. Potter Palmer, refuses any com- 
pensation for its use. 

Having completed its duties, which were simply to recommend suit- 
able quarters, your Committee asks that the President and Secretary be 
empowered to complete the negotiations during the adjournment of the 
Commission, and that they may be discharged from the further considera- 
tion of the subject. 

R. E. GoODELL, Chairman, 
Charlton H. Way, 
C. H. Deere. 

Mr. Goodell also stated for the Committee that Messrs. Drake, Parker 
& Co., proprietors of the Grand Pacific Hotel, offered, free of charge to 
the Commission, the same facilities for meeting which the Commission 
has enjoyed during the present session. 

The written and verbal report of the Committee was unanimously 
adopted. 



Minutes of the First Session. 53 

Mr. McDonald, of California, offered the following resolution, which First sea- 
was unanimously adopted: Day^°*^ 

Resolved, That the sincere thanks of the World's Columbian Com- 
mission are hereby tendered to Messrs. Drake, Parker & Co., the propri- 
etors of the Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago, for the free use of the rooms 
so generously tendered to this Commission for its meetings and business 
purposes, and that this resolution be entered upon the official minutes 
of the proceedings of this Commission. 

Mr. Kerens, of Missouri, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission be and are hereby Thanks to 

' ■' Officers. 

tendered to the President, Secretary, and other officers of the Commis- 
sion, for the impartial and uniform consideration shown to all the 
members of the Commission. 

The resolution was unanimously adopted. 

Mr. Strong, of Tennessee, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That our thanks are due and are hereby given to the soci- 
eties, clubs, and the citizens of Chicago in general, who have so hand- 
somely entertained us during our stay in this city, and that we especially 
thank the members of the press for their aid and kindness to this Com- 
mission. 

The resolution was unanimously adopted. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, moved that the Committee on By- 
Laws, when appointed, shall have authority to sit during the recess of the 
Commission, and be given power to employ a stenographer. 

The motion was carried. 

In accordance with the resolution previously adopted at this session, First ses- 
ori motion of Mr. Massey, of Delaware, the Commission took a recess ^^-"^"^^^ 
until 12 o'clock noon, October 8, 1890, unless sooner called together by 
the President. 



OFFICIAL MINUTES 



OF THE 



World s Columbian Commission 



Second Session— First Day, Monday, Sept. 15, 1890. 

The Commission met at 12 noon, September 15th, in the Andrews |econd^se8. 
Hall, 215 Wabash Avenue, in accordance with the following call of the *^" 
President, which was mailed to each of the Commissioners on August 8, 
1890: 

I am directed by President Palmer to notify you that he has decided ran for 
to reconvene the World's Columbian Commission, in this city, at 12 
o'clock noon, Monday, September 15, 1890, and this is to notify you to 
be present at said meeting. 

Very truly yours, 

John T. Dickinson, 

Secretary. 

At the invitation of the President, Rev. David Swing, D. D., offered 
prayer. 

The roll was called, and the following Commissioners and Alter- 
nates were present : 

Commissioners- at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; Kentucky, Ro"-ca»- 
W. Lindsay; Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; Mis- 
souri, R. C. Kerens; New York, G. W. Allen; Pennsylvania, P. A. B. 
Widener; Texas, H. Exall. 

Commissioners of the States. — Alabama, F. G. Bromberg, O. R. 
Hundley; Arkansas, J. D. Adams, L. Gregg; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. 
J. V. Skiff; Connecticut, Leverett Brainard, T. M. Waller; Delaware, 
G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. 
McLaws, C. H. Way; Idaho, G. A. Manning; Illinois, A. T. Ewing; 
Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. I. Buchanan, W. F. 

55 



56 World's Columbian Commission. 

^^sesefon- "^^^^^5 Kansas, C. K. Holliday, Jr., F. W. Lanyon, alternate; Kentucky, 
FirstDay. J Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, 
alternate; Maine, A. R. Bixby, C. S. Edwards, alternate; Maryland, G. 
M. Upshur, alternate; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. 
Lane; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. ^[. 
Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene; Montana, L. H. 
Hershfield; Nebraska, Euclid Martin, A, G. Scott; Nevada, J. W. Haines, 
G. Russell; New Hampshire, F. E. Kaley, alternate; New Jersey, W. J. 
Sewell, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, alternate;' 
North Carolina, A. B. Andrews, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. 
Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, W. Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate; Oregon 
M. Wilkins; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; Rhode 
Island, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, E. L. Roche, alternate; South 
Dakota, M. H. Day; Tennessee, R. Strong, A. B. Hurt, alternates; 
Texas, A. M. Cochran, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, H. H. Mclntyre, 

B. B. Smalley; Virginia, V, D. Groner, J. T. Harris; Washington, 

C. B. Bagley, alternate; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wis- 
consin, P. Allen, Jr.; Wyoming, H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate; Ari- 
zona, G. F. Coats; New Mexico, T. C. Gutierfes, R. M. White; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, P. H. Lannan, W\ M. Ferry, alternate; 
District of Columbia, A. A. Wilson, E. K. Johnson, alternate. — Total, 85, 

Mr. Way, of Georgia, moved that the Commissioners proceed to draw 
seats by lot. 

Mr. Cochran, of Texas, moved to amend the motion so that the 
drawing would be by States. 

Mr. McDonald, of California, suggested that the amendment provide 
for giving precedence to the Commissioners-at-Large, as representing 
the United States, which was accepted. The amendment prevailed, and 
the original motion as amended was adopted. 

By direction of the President the drawing proceeded, after reserving 
the first eight numbers for the Commissioners-at-Large. 

The minutes of the last meeting, Thursday, July 3d, were approved 
and adopted. 

Secretary Dickinson submitted the following report: 

Report of Office of the Secretary of the World's Columbian 

the Secre- /^ 

tary. COMMISSION. 

Chicago, September 15, 1890. 
To the World's Columbian Covwiission: 

Gentlemen: In compliance with resolution of the Commission at its 



Minutes of the Second Session, 67 

last meeting, that the offices of the President and Secretary and Execu- second 
tive Committee be located in the Pullman Building, the Secretary imme- First Day. 
diately after the adjournment of the Commission engaged suite No. 905, 
in said building, which he occupied until September ist. On that date 
the suite Nos. 603 604, and 605 was engaged for the use of the Secre- 
tary's ofiice and for the several committees called to meet before the 
assembling of the Commission, and suite No. 905 was prepared for the 
use of the President, which he now occupies. 

In further compliance with the resolution above referred to, after 
consultation with the President and examination of the various halls near 
the leading hotels, I accepted a proposition of A. H. Andrews & Co. to 
furnish this hall with desks, build a rostrum and otherwise arrange for 
this meeting, for ten dollars per day, giving the Commission exclusive 
use of the hall day and night for this sum. The hall has been decorated 
free of charge by the Chicago Costume and Decorating Company. 

I have the honor to submit herewith communication from Mr. J. H. 
Kingwill, Assistant Secretary of the World's Columbian Exposition Asso- 
ciation, of Chicago, transmitting copy of resolution adopted by the Local 
Directory, September 9, 1890, desiring to add to the site tendered and 
accepted July ist last an area of about ninety acres of the north or 
improved portion of Jackson Park, and also the area known as Midway 
Plaisance, adjoining said park, containing about seventy acres. 

In compliance with resolution of the Commission at its last meeting, 
I have had prepared a handsome commission to be issued to the Lady 
Managers and alternates as soon as all the Commissioners have handed 
in their nominations and the President announces the appointments. 

At the request of the President of this Commission, the Secretary of 
the Treasury has decided that the Secretary of this Commission shall 
certify to all the accounts of the Commission for payment by the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury. 

For the information of the Commission, I submit herewith the accom- 
panying communications from the Treasury Department: 

No. I. Declining to pay the voucher of E. M. Smith for two hundred 
dollars, approved by the resolution of the Commission at its last meeting. 

No. 2. Decision of the Honorable First Comptroller of the Treasury 
relative to the payment of subsistence and traveling expenses to alternate 
Commissioners whose principals were in attendance upon a portion of 
the same session during which their accounts accrued. 

No. 3. Decision rendered to Commissioner Groner, of Virginia, in 
reference to allowing alternates mileage and per diem where their Com- 
missioners attend the same meeting of the Commission. 



58 World's Columbian Commission. 

s«;ond _ No. 4. Telegram from the Honorable First Comptroller of the 

First Day. Treasury deciding that Commissioners can elect officers from their own 
number. 

The foregoing are about the most important matters in the Secre- 
tary's office for immediate consideration by the Commission. 

As the Commission at its last meeting took no action in reference to 
the expenses of the Secretary's office, I have personally paid these 
expenses, taking receipts therefor, preferring not to send any of these 
vouchers to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment until the Com- 
mission had taken some official action authorizing me to do so. 

During the recess of the Commission, my correspondence with the 
Commissioners and public generally has been somewhat voluminous, and 
I desire to return my thanks to the Commissioners for the kind and court 
ecus manner with which they have treated me. I have the honor to be, 

Your obedient servant, 

John T. Dickinson, 

Secretary. 



(Accompanying the Secretary's Report.) 

FROM THE world's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

Chicago, September n, 1890. 
Hon John T. Dickinson, Secretary World's Columbian Commission, 
Chicago : 

Dear Sir: Will you kindly communicate to your Commission at its 
next session the following resolution, unanimously adopted at a meeting of 
the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, held on 
Tuesday, September 9, 1890: 

Whereas, Uncertainty seems to exist throughout the commiunity 
and also outside of Chicago in regard to the site for the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition: and, 

Whereas, No official action has been taken by this Board upon the 
matter of site inconsistent with the proceedings of July ist last; therefore. 

Resolved, That having fully considered the recent reports of the Com- 
mittee on Buildings and Grounds respecting the site heretofore selected, 
and the other sites which have been offered, the Board of Directors finds 
no sufficient reason for changing its position evidenced by the resolution 
unanimously adopted upon said July ist last, the terms of which were 
concurred in and accepted on the following day by the National Commission. 

Further Resolved, That the National Commission be officially informed 
that this Board desires to add to the site tendered and accepted July ist 
last, an area of about ninety acres of the north or improved portion of 



Minutes of the Second Session. 59 

Jackson Park, and also the area known as Midway Plaisance, adjoining second ^ 
said park, containing about seventy acres. ^*"*^ ^^• 

Respectfully yours, 

J. H. KiNGWILL, 

Approved: Assistant Secretary. 

Lyman J. Gage, President. 



Account of E. M. Smith. 

Treasury Department, 
Office of the Secretary, 
Washington, D. C, July 30, 1890. 
Mr. John T. Dickinson, Secretary World's Columbian Commi-ssion, 
Chicago, 111.: 

Sir: I am in receipt of your letter of the 26th instant, transmitting 
the voucher of Mr. E. M. Smith, which reads as follows: " For services 
rendered in fitting up with furniture, etc., and caring for the room occu- 
pied by the World's Columbian Commission from June 26 to July 3, 
1890, as per attached approved resolution dated July 3, 1890, $200." 

I must decline to approve the account without a more specific state- 
ment as to the exact service performed and articles furnished, because, 
as the voucher now reads, it must be regarded as a charge for personal 
services, and would, for the period mentioned, amount to $25 per day. 
This is regarded as an exorbitant charge. 

If Mr. Smith provided the furniture at his own expense, and placed 
it in the room for the use of the Commission, the voucher should so state. 
If, however, this furniture was provided by the proprietor of the Grand 
Pacific Hotel, and Mr. Smith merely superintended the fitting up of the 
room, this department would not be warranted in approving the account. 

The resolution, as passed by the Commission, refers to services 
rendered. It is questionable whether any services rendered prior to 
June 26, 1890, before the organization of the Commission, can properly 
be paid for under the resolution. 

Since the account was received at this office, a protest has been 
filed against its payment. Accompanying the letter of protest is a printed 
slip, from which it appears that as early as May 26, 1890, Mr. Smith 
issued a circular, which reads as follows: 

The World's Exposition, 
Headquarters of the National Commission, 
Grand Pacific Hotel, 
Edmund M. Smith, Acting Sergeant-at-Arms. 

Chicago, III., May 26, 1890. 
Dear Sir: The proprietors of the Grand Pacific Hotel of this city, 
Messrs. Drake, Parker & Co., having tendered a suitable room at their 



60 World s Columbian Commission. 

Second hotel for use as an office, and for meeting purposes of the World's 
First Day. Exposition National ("ommission, as also for use as headquarters of the 
Commission until such time as the organization of the Commission may 
be perfected and arrangements made for permanent headquarters for the 
use of the Commission and its officers, I respectfully notify you that 
you will receive due notice of the first meeting of the National Commis- 
sion at these headquarters. Kindly advise me a reasonable time in 
advance of your arrival at Chicago, in order that suitable apartments 
may be reserved and ready for you upon your arrival. Please acknowl- 
edge receipt. 

Yours very truly, 

Edmund M. Smith, 

Actifjg Sergeant-at-ArjHS. 

If it be true that such a circular was issued by Mr. Smith, he was 
of course acting without authority, and although his services may have 
been of value to individual members of the Commission, I must hold, in 
view of the information now in my possession, that no payment can be 
made to Mr. Smith for services rendered prior to June 26, 1890; neither 
can I approve the payment to Mr. Smith, for personal services alone, of 
a sum representing a compensation of $25 per diem. 

Respectfully yours, 

W. WiNDOM, 

Secretary. 



Decision of the First Comptroller. 

Washington, D. C, August 5, 1890. 
Hon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary World's Columbian Commission, 
Chicago, 111. 

Sir: For your information, I enclose herewith a copy of the decision 
of the Honorable First Comptroller, rendered July 21, 1890, relative to 
the payment of subsistence and traveling expenses to alternate Commis- 
sioners whose principals were in attendance upon a portion of the same 
session during which their accounts accrued. 

Respectfully yours, 

Fred. Brackett, 

Chief Clerk. 



Treasury Department, 
First Comptroller's Office, 
Washington, D. C, July 21, 1890. 
Hon. William Windom, Secretary of the Treasury: 

Sir: In reply to your letter of the i8th inst., asking my opinion 
whether a Commissioner of the World's Columbian Exposition and his 
alternate Commissioner may attend the same meeting, but on different 



Minutes of the Second Session. 61 

days, and be allowed their expenses, the following is respectfully sub- second 

, o I- ^ Session— 

mitted: First Day. 

In Section 3 of the act of April 25, 1890, are these words: "And in 
the same manner and within the same time there shall be appointed two 
alternate Commissioners from each State and Territory of the United 
States and the District of Columbia, who shall assume and perform the 
duties of such Commissioner or Commissioners as may be unable to 
attend the meetings of said Commissioners." 

It is my opinion that these words provide for the attendance of an 
alternate when the Commissioner of the same political party and from 
the same State or Territory is unable to attend a meeting of the Com- 
missioners, but they do not provide for the attendance of an alternate in 
the absence of a Commissioner from a daily session. The word 
" meeting " in this connection must be taken to include the whole time 
from the assembling of the Commissioners in Chicago (or the place of 
meeting) until final adjournment, and not as applicable to daily sessions. 

Perhaps this rule should not be applied when a meeting lasts 
for — say — several weeks and a Commissioner after attending a part of 
the meeting is compelled to be absent for the remaining portion of the 
meeting and notifies his alternate to attend and thereupon the alternate 
appears and attends for a considerable portion of the meeting. Under 
such circumstances it would seem a hardship not to allow the expenses 
of the alternate. 

It has been suggested that this rule is not consistent with Section 
19 of the law. That section provides — 

" That the Commissioners and Alternate Commissioners appointed 
under this act shall not be entitled to any compensation for their 
services out of the Treasury of the United States, except their actual 
expenses for transportation and the sum of six dollars per day for sub- 
sistence for each day they are necessarily absent from their homes on 
the business of said Commission." 

An alternate is not " necessarily absent from his home on the 
business of the said Commission," only when notified that his presence 
is required by his principal. If he should be otherwise present and 
render service at the sessions of the Commission, he would not be entitled 
to pay, under the law. He can only attend the meetings, with pay, when 
his principal is unable to attend. 

I fully concur with the view of the law taken by you. I suggest, 
however, the propriety of the payment of the claims of Messrs. Mercer 
and Fischer, in view of the fact that their accounts accrued at the first 
meeting of the Commission, when no rule had been announced on the 
subject, and when the law was not fully understood. 

Very respectfully, 

A. C. Matthews, 

Comptroller. . 



62 World's Columhian Commission. 

second LETTER TO COMMISSIONER GrONER. 

ScBslon— 
First Day. 

Treasury Department, 
First Comptroller's Office, 
Washington, D. C, September 4, 1890. 
General V. D, Groner, Norfolk, Virginia: 

Sir: Your letter is before me, and in reply thereto I have the honor to 
say that there is much good judgment expressed in your view of the 
question. 

The regulations provide that ''no expense incurred for transportation 
or subsistence of alternate Commissioners will be allowed except for the 
period during which they assume and perform the duties of the Com- 
missioner whom they represent, and when the principal is unable to attend 
the called meeting in connection with which the expense is incurred." 

In your case you notified your alternate that you would be unable 
to attend the meeting of the Commission on the 26th of June, and 
requested him to attend, which he did. Your request was his authority 
to attend, and authorizes the payment of his attendance and expenses to 
Chicago and return. He was paid from June 23d to July 2d, both days 
inclusive, at $6 per day. He was entitled to this sum for each day he was 
necessarily absent from his home on the business of the Commission. 
This would include his reasonably necessary time in going and returning. 

On the 26th of June your business affairs were such that you were 
unable to go to Chicago in person. You assumed the duties of the office 
June 30th, and remained until adjournment, when you returned to Nor- 
folk, July 5th. 

In view of the fact that this was the first meeting of the Commis- 
sion, I think your course was warranted by the circumstances, and your 
bill will be paid as presented. I deem it expedient, however, to state that, 
hereafter, when an Alternate has been requested prior to the meeting to 
attend, as a Commissioner, and does attend, that the principal will 
neither be allowed transportation or per diem during the time he so 
attends, and for such time as the Alternate is necessarily absent from 
his home, in going and returning, on the business of the Commission. 
The appropriation will not warrant double expense accounts. The 
attendance of either the principal or the Alternate will meet the require- 
ments of the law, but both can not be allowed to attend at the expense 
of the Government at the same time. 

This rule can work no embarrassment or confusion. The principal 
will have the management in his own hands. The Alternate will not 
assume to attend at public expense, unless directed by his principal, 
and the principal should not attend himself until the return of his 
Alternate. This will prevent all clashing by putting the matter in the 
hands of the parties themselves. 

I am, sir, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, 

A. C. Matthews, Comptroller. 



il! 



Minutes of the Second Session. ' 63 

rTelee^ram.l second 

L ^ -• Session- 

First Day 

Washington, D. C, September ii, 1890. 

Hon. Jas. a. McKenzie, Chairman World's Fair Committee, Pullman 
Building: 

No such decision has been rendered; on the contrary, it is held that 
the Commissioners may elect officers from among their own members who 
may receive such compensation as the Commission may fix and the 
Secretary of the Treasury approve. The question of whether they can 
receive double compensation has not been decided. 

A. C. Matthews, 

Coviptroller. 

On motion of Mr. Massey, of Delaware, it was voted that the report 
of the Secretary, with the accompanying documents, should lie upon . 
the table and be printed for the information of the Commission. 

Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, as Chairman of the Committee on 
Permanent Organization, submitted the following report : 

REP OR T of the Committee on Permanent Organization through its Chair- Rpport of 
man^ Hon, Jas. A. McKenzie^ of Kentucky^ containing a?i Account of pJrm^^" 
the Proceedi72gs of said Comtnittee. Subfnitted to the Conmiission llniza^-*^ 
September 15, 1890. 

Chicago, September 15, 1890. 

Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commis- 
sion: 

Sir : The Sub-Committee of the Committee on Permanent Organi- 
zation, consisting of J. A. McKenzie, Chairman, P. A. B. Widener, R. C. 
Kerens, M. B. Harrison, A. T. Ewing, and J. H. Breslin, under authority 
of a resolution adopted by the National Commission at its session July 3, 
1890, authorizing the Sub-Committee to meet at such place or places, and 
obtain the benefit of such expert testimony as in their judgment might 
be necessary to formulate a plan of organization for the proper conduct 
of the affairs of the World's Columbian Exposition, coupled with the 
authority to employ a stenographer and to provide for the expense of con- 
ducting such investigation, including the expense of such traveling as 
might be necessary by the Committee, etc., beg leave respectfully to report 
to the full Committee the result of their labors : 

During the recess of the National Commission, your Sub-Committee 
have held a series of meetings, first at Philadelphia on the 3d Tuesday 
of July last, and following that by meetings at New York, Washington, 
Cincinnati, and Chicago, looking to the formulation of a plan of organi- 
zation of the World's Columbian Commission and the definition of the 
powers and duties of the officers and various committees of that body. 
Deeply impressed with the responsibilities of the delicate and difficult 



tion. 



64 World^ s Columhlan Commission, 

Second task confidcd to us, and feeling: that our experience had not specially 

Session- * ... , , , . . 

First Day. trained us for such a task, we deemed it wisest to seek the advice of 
gentlemen who have had experience in the management of enterprises 
similar in scope and design to the one in which we are engaged. Fol- 
lowing this idea, we naturally went to Philadelphia for the purpose of 
consultation with the surviving members of the Centennial Commission 
of 1876, who inaugurated and conducted the most successful exhibition 
of American products, and the progress of American civilization, ever 
held on this continent. We asked a conference with the surviving mem- 
bers of the Centennial Board of Finance and such surviving Com- 
missioners of States as took active part in the organization and conduct 
of that great Exhibition, as could be brought together in that city. 
Through the courtesy of Mayor Fitler, of Philadelphia, a meeting was 
held in his office at which there were present: Hon. Thomas Cochran, 
late President of the Centennial Board of Finance; Hon. John Baird, 
Hon. \V. V. McKean, Hon. Amos R. Little, Hon. Frederick Fraley, Hon. 
Wm. S. Stokeley, Hon. Thomas Donaldson, Hon. Mr. Peyton, and Hon. 
Thomas Dolan. 

These gentlemen were interrogated as to the organization of the 
Centennial Exposition, the difficulties encountered therein, the powers, 
duties, and limitations of the several officers and committees connected 
with the organization of that Exposition, information concerning which 
they gave with such fullness and circumstantiality of detail that we have 
deemed it best to give their statements in full in the form of an appen- 
dix to this report, for your consideration and with the view to lay them 
before the National Commission. These statements, stenographically 
reported, will be found in a series of appendices herewith submitted. 

Proceeding to New York, we had an interview with General Alfred 
T. Goshorn, late Director-General of the Centennial Exposition of 
1876, and Gov. Richard C. McCormick, late Commissioner-General of 
the American Department of the Paris ^Exposition of 1878, all of which 
will be found in an appendix herewith submitted, and which your 
Sub-Committee deem so valuable and so full of wise and pertinent 
suggestions that they have deemed it best to publish in full, rather than 
to attempt a summarization in this report. 

President Thos. W. Palmer, of the National Commission, and Hon. 
John T. Dickinson, Secretary of that body, did your Sub-Committee Llie 
honor to join them at Philadelphia and New York, and participate in 
these interviews and discussions. 

Proceeding to Washington, we called on the President of the United 
States, and the Heads of Departments, and asked their cooperation in 
the effort to make the World's Columbian Exposition a success, of which 
cooperation we were cordially assured. While there we called upon Dr. 
G. Brown Goode, of the Smithsonian Institution, a gentleman whose 
training pre-eminently fits him for preparing a general system of classi- 



Minutes of the Second Session. Qb 

fication for so extensive an undertaking as the World's Fair, andsecond^^_ 
requested him to prepare a system of groupings and classifications, ^*'*«t ^*y- 
embracing, specifically, Science, Art, History, and Popular Education, to 
be grouped with the general exhibits of Agriculture, Horticulture, and 
the Live Stock classification, which latter, through the courtesy and 
supervision of the Hon. J. M. Rusk, Secretary of the Department of 
Agriculture, had already been prepared by Mr. G. E. Gordon, under the 
direction of the Department of Agriculture, most of which classifications 
are promised us by the time of the assembling of the National Com- 
mission, and which we hope to lay before that body at that time. We 
also had an interview with Hon. Robert P. Porter, Superintendent of the 
Eleventh Census, and he very kindly consented to act conjointly with 
Dr. Goode in the preparation of a general classification, which we trust 
will be received in time to be presented as an appendix to our report. 

In this connection it is proper to say that General Thomas Donaldson, 
a gentleman who was for four years connected with the Philadelphia 
Centennial, and whose ability eminently fits him for such work, prepared 
at our request a general outline plan for the organization of all the details 
of the Columbian Exposition, which is printed in the appendix, and to 
which we respectfully refer. 

We also take pleasure in saying that, at our request, Mr. William E. 
Curtis, of the State Department at Washington, prepared and submitted 
to us a general outline plan of matters pertaining to exhibits from Latin 
America, which is respectfully referred for your consideration and that of 
the National Commission. This very able and interesting paper is pre- 
sented as one of the appendices to this report. 

Proceeding to Cincinnati, we had the pleasure of an interview with 
the Hon. James Allison, late President of the Centennial Exposition of 
the Ohio Valley and Central States, which, largely through his executive 
ability, was made a great success, obtaining his views as to what should 
be the powers and duties of the Director-General and the various com- 
mittees of the World's Columbian Exposition. This interview, which was 
stenographically reported, we greatly regret to say has, up to this time, 
failed to reach us, but we trust to be able to lay the valuable information 
obtained from him before the National Commission during its present 
session, as one of the appendices to our report. 

We deem it proper to say, while it has no direct bearing upon the 
general subject-matter which our Sub-Committee was appointed especially 
to consider, that two distinguished and public-spirited citizens in the East, 
Hon. George W. Childs, of the Public Ledger, and Hon. John Hoey, Presi- 
dent of the Adams Express Company, tendered to us for exhibition at 
the World^s Fair many articles of rare historic and artistic interest. These 
exhibits, which we are authorized by the above gentlemen to tender to the 
National Commission, are a series of articles which will excite universal 



66 WorW s Columhian Commission, 

Second interest, and a catalogue of them will be furnished to the National 
First Day. Commission. 

Your Sub-Committee desire further to state, that during their stay in 
Philadelphia they were the recipients of an entertainment tendered them 
by His Honor, Mayor Fitler, of that city, at which they had the pleasure 
of meeting the following gentlemen: Hon. Anthony J. Drexel, George W. 
Childs, T. Pratt McKean, Daniel Dougherty, Jesse Seligman, Dr. Andrews, 
Alfred Baker, Wm. L. Elkins, and Ex-Mayor Stokeley, with others, nearly 
all of whom were largely identified with the management of the Philadel- 
phia Centennial Exposition. A full, free, and informal talk on the general 
subject-matter in which your Sub-Committee are engaged was indulged in 
at the social board of His Honor. No special report, however, was made 
of that conference, but your Sub-Committee are grateful to these gentlemen 
for their very valuable suggestions and information imparted on that 
occasion. 

In order to facilitate the work of the National Commission, we 
authorized the purchase of io6 full sets, of nine volumes each, of the 
Centennial Reports of 1876, one set of which has been, or will be, 
delivered by the Secretary of the National Commission to each individual 
Commissioner. 

Your Sub-Committee have been profoundly impressed in the investi- 
gation they have made of the public records of Fairs, National and 
International, from the World's Fair in London of 1851, down to the 
Paris Exposition of 1889, and from the consensus of opinion of gentlemen 
to whom we have alluded in this report, and whose statements are 
embodied in full in our appendix, your Committee are led to conclude 
that the central and dominant idea in the success of any great Fair is 
concentration of authority and giving to the Director-General, or that 
ofificial having chief control, a power only limited by the superior authority 
of the Executive Committee. 

After the arrival of your Sub-Committee in the City of Chicago, on 
the 9th September, the following additional proceedings were had by the 
Committee on Permanent Organization: 

Professor Putnam, of Harvard University, presented to the Com- 
mittee a plan for an archaeological collection showing the remains of 
primitive man on this continent, also the prehistoric civilizations of the 
South American races generally. His plan, which is one of large 
research and labor, and which your Committee cordially commend to the 
consideration of the Commission, is herewith submitted as one of the 
appendices to this report. 

Mr. McDonald, of California, laid before the Committee a plan 
for a comprehensive and thorough exhibit of the mines and mining 
resources of the world, especially of the Great West, and on motion of 
Commissioner Widener, Commissioners McDonald and Goodell were 



Minutes of the Second Session. 67 

appointed a Sub-Committee to prepare data in documentary form for second ^ 
submission to the National Commission, which paper will appear as an First Day. 
appendix to this report. 

The question involving the powers and duties of the Board of Lady 
Managers has been made the subject of a separate report, which will be 
hereafter submitted to this Commission. 

The outline plan of the general organization of the World's Colum- 
bian Commission, and the definition of the powers and duties of the 
officers and committees of the same, submitted by the Sub-Committee 
to the full Committee on Permanent Organization, and by them consid- 
ered at their several meetings lately held in the City of Chicago, and 
having been carefully discussed line by line and section by section, and 
having been thoroughly revised and amended, and unanimously agreed 
to, as is evidenced by the signatures of all the members of the Com- 
mittee on Permanent Organization thereto, they beg leave respectfully 
to submit to the National Commission the following reports, the result 
of their labors. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

J. A. McKenzie, 

Chairman. 

REPORT of the Coitiinittee on Permanent Organizatiofi on Officers and o^q,^x?. 9,xi^ 
Committees of the World's Colufnbian Commission^ September 15, 1890. commit- 

Chicago, September 15, 1890. 
Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: 

Sir: At the first meeting of this Commission, on June 26, 1890, 
the following resolution was adopted : 

''Resolved, That a Committee on Permanent Organization, consisting 
of twelve, be appointed by the Chair in the spirit of the Act of Con- 
gress, to recommend a list of permanent offices necessary to the proper 
conduct of this Commission, and to define the duties pertaining to the 
same ; and they shall further report what standing committees should 
be appointed, and the duties and powers of each." 

In accordance with this resolution we have the honor to submit the 
following, as the powers and duties of the permanent officers and 
standing committees of this Commission : 

DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT. 

The President shall preside oVer all the meetings of the Commission, 
and shall appoint all committees, unless otherwise directed by the 
Commission, and he shall have all the powers and authority incident to 
the office of President. The President may, at his own motion, or at 
the written request of a majority of the Executive Committee or of 
one-third of the members of the Commission shall, call a meeting of 
the Commission, by giving each member reasonable notice of the time 
and place of such meeting. 



68 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Second DUTIES OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

Session- 
First Day. . ... 

In the absence of the President, Vice-Presidents, in their numerical 
order, shall perform the duties of the President. In the absence of the 
Vice-Presidents, the Commission shall appoint a Chairman ^r^ tgm. 

DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY. 

The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the Commission 
and shall be the custodian of all documents and records relating to the 
business of the Commission. He shall keep a full and accurate record of 
the proceedings of the Commission and of the Executive Committee, and 
make report of same from time to time, as may be required. He shall 
have power to appoint his assistant secretaries and to select his clerical 
force, subject to the approval of the Executive Committee. He shall keep 
all accounts of the Commission and certify the same to the Secretary of 
the Treasury for payment. The papers, accounts, and records of the Sec- 
retary shall, at all times, be open to the inspection of any member of 
the Commission. 

Director-General. 

Duties. 

He shall exercise such supervision, direction, and control of the 
operation of the World's Columbian Exposition as will tend to promote 
the efficiency of every agency employed; and to this end, and on ques- 
tions of general policy and administration, it shall be his duty to avail 
himself of the judgment of the Executive Comrnittee, and be subject to 
their direction. He shall be authorized and instructed to assume all such 
executive powers and functions as shall be necessary to secure prompt- 
ness, efficiency, and good faith in every department of the work. 

I. Executive Committee. 

JDuties. 

The Executive Committee shall have all the powers of the National 
"Commission when that body is not in session, excepting cases in which 
the Act of Congress in express terms requires the action of the Commis- 
sioners, or a majority of the Commissioners. 

2. Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations. 

Duties. 
They shall formulate rules, by-laws, and regulations for submission 
to the Commission. 

3. Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. 

They shall have consideration of all matters relating to tariffs, bonding 
and releasing of goods, and the transportation of goods, that may be 






Minutes of the Second Session. 69 

referred to them by the National Commission, in conjunction with such second 
officers of the Treasury as may be appointed. ^'•'^'^ ^*y- 

4. Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
jDuties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the foreign exhibits 
of the Exposition that may be referred to them by the National Commis- 
sion or the Executive Committee. 

5. Committee on Legislation. 
Duties. 
They shall have consideration of all matters pertaining to National, 
State, Territorial, or Municipal legislation affecting this Exposition. 

6. Committee on Fine Arts. 
Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to Fine Arts which 
may be referred to them by the Commission. 

7. Committee on Science, History, Literature, and Education. 

Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects 
that may be referred to them by the Commission. 

8. Committee on Agriculture. 

Duties. 

They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to Agriculture. 

9. Committee on Live Stock. 
Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to Live Stock, includ- 
ing Domestic Animals, Poultry, and Birds of all varieties 

10. Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture. 

Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these sub- 
jects. 

II. Committee on Finance. 
Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the expendi- 
tures of this Commission under the Act of Congress, or such other mat- 
ters of finance as may be referred to them by the Commission. 

12. Committee on Auditing. 
Duties. 
They shall have charge of examining and auditing all bills and 
accounts of the Commissioners. 

6 



70 World's Columbian Commission, 

Second I 3. COMMITTEE ON CEREMONIES. 

Session— ^ 

'^*'"^ ^"^- Duties. 

They shall have charge of.all matters pertaining to the inauguration 
of the World's Columbian Exposition, and all ceremonies connected from 
time to tune therewith. 

14 Committee on Classification. 
Duties. 
They shall have charge of all subjects pertaining to the classification 
of exhibits, and the limitation of space therefor, as may be referred to 
them by the Commission. 

15. Committee on Manufactures. 

Duties. 

They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to this subject, or 
that may be referred to them by the Commission. 

16. Committee on Commerce. 
Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to Commerce that 
may be referred to them by the Commission. 

17. Committee on Mines and Mining. 
Duties. 
* They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to metallurgy, 
mines and mining processes, or such as may be referred to them by the 
Commission. 

18. Committee on Fisheries and Fish Culture. 

Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these sub- 
jects. 

19. Committee on Electricity and Electrical Appliances. 

Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these sub- 
jects. 

20. Committee on Forestry and Lumber. 
Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these sub- 
jects. 

21. Committee on Machinery. 
Duties. 
They shall have charge of all matters pertaining to machinery, or that 
may be referred to them by the Commission. 



i 

i 



Minutes of the Second Session, 71 

4 

2 2. Committee on World^s Congresses. second 

Session— 
Duties. First Day. 

They shall act in connection with the Local Directory in arranging 
for the exhibits or meetings of any World's Congress that may desire to 
assemble here during the Exposition. 

The duties of officers and committees herein defined shall take the 
place of same as heretofore defined by the Commission. 

Your Committee having to the best of their ability discharged the 
duties imposed upon them by the resolution of your honorable body, and 
believing that upon the adoption of this report their labors are concluded, 
beg leave respectfully to submit the above as the result of their labors 
and respectfully ask to be discharged from the further consideration of 
the subject-matters therein contained. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

J. A. McKenzie, Chairman^ 
Peter A. B. Widener, 

A. M. Cochran, 
M. B. Harrison, 
J. H. Breslin, 
Mark L. McDonald, 

B. B. Smalley, 
Thomas B. Keogh, 
r. e. goodell, 
Adlai T. Ewing, 
E. B. Martindale, 
R. C. Kerens. 



On motion of Mr, White, of New Mexico, the report was ordered 
to lie upon the table and be printed. 

The President announced that he had appointed Mr. O. R. Hundley, 
of Alabama, and Mr. Philip Allen, Jr., of Wisconsin, to act with the six 
members of the Judiciary Committee, heretofore appointed, and the eight 
to constitute the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations. 

Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, as Chairman of the Judiciary Com- 
mittee, presented the following report, which was read by Mr. Massey, 
of Delaware: 

REPORT of the Judiciary Committee.^ Defining the Rights^ Duties, a nd Report nt 

the Judl- 

Powers of the World's Columbian Commission. mitYee.""^' 

September 15, 1890. 

Your Committee, acting in obedience to the preamble and resolu- 
tion adopted by this Commission on the first day of July, 1890, as 
follows, to-wit : 



72 World- s Columbian Commission. 

^s'e^sfon- "Whereas, It is obviously important that the powers and jurisdiction 

First Day. ^^ this ComiTiission should be definitely ascertained and clearly under- 
stood, to the end that its efficiency may be promoted and maintained, and 
so as that all controversy as to the lawful exercise of its power may be 
avoided, therefore 

''Resolved, That a special committee of six be, and is hereby consti- 
tuted, to be appointed by the President in accordance with the spirit of 
the Act of Congress, to consider ,the question of the rights, duties, and 
powers of this body under the said act ; and to submit a report of its 
deliberations, defining the quality, character, and extent thereof to the 
next adjourned meeting of the Commission," 

beg leave to report that they have given to the question of the rights, 
duties, and powers of this body, under the Act of Congress, due con- 
sideration, and submit the following as their conclusions : 

The Act of Congress declares that the proposed Exhibition of the 
resources of the United States of America, of their development, and 
of the progress of the New World, shall be of a National and Interna- 
tional character, and in express terms inaugurates an exhibition of arts, 
industries, and products of the soil, mine, and sea, in the City of Chicago, 
in the year 1892, as thereinafter provided. . 

This Commission is one of the instrumentalities by and through 
which the will of Congress in relation to the proposed Exhibition is to 
be carried into effect, and in the determination of the powers, rights, and 
duties of this body, the facts are to be kept in view, that the Exhibition 
is to be of a National and International character, and that for its success 
the Government of the United States will be regarded as the responsible 
agent. 

The World's Columbian Exposition, a corporation created under 
and in virtue of the laws of the State of Illinois, is another of the agencies 
or instrumentalities through which the will of Congress is, in important 
respects, to be carried out. That corporation has voluntarily undertaken 
to exercise the powers and discharge the duties conferred and imposed 
upon it by the Act of Congress. 

The relative rights, powers, and duties of the Illinois corporation and 
of the World's Columbian Commission constitute the principal subjects 
of inquiry to which your Committee have directed their attention. 

Powers of The Dowers of this Commission are in some respects original and 

the Com- ^ . i n i 

mission, exclusive, in others supervisory and collateral. 

Among the original and exclusive powers of the Commission may be 
named the power to allot space for exhibitors; to prepare a classification 
of exhibits; to determine the plan and scope of the Exposition; to 
appoint all judges and examiners for the Exposition; to award all 



Minutes of the Second Session. 73 

premiums, and generally to have charge of all intercourse with the ^^^^^^q^__ 
exhibitors, and with the representatives of foreign nations. ^'""^ ^*y- 

This Commission has 'power and authority to appoint necessary 
officers and committees, and to fix the pay of such officers, subject to 
the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. 

Within the domain of its own authority, the Commission may confer 
upon its chief ministerial officer or officers, and his or their subordinates, 
such executive and ministerial powers, and impose such duties, as will 
tend to promote the efficiency of every agency employed. Those officers, 
when appointed, will be the officers of the Commission, and will be paid 
out of the funds appropriated by Congress in aid of the Exposition. 

In this connection it is suggested that the Commission may so 
regulate and define the powers and duties of the members of the Board 
of Lady Managers as to constitute them officers, and in such event 
(subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury) their compen- 
sation may be fixed and provision made for their payment. 

This Commission is not charged with any duty in regard to the 
selection of the site or grounds for the Exposition, or to devising or 
preparing the plans and specifications for the buildings to be erected 
thereon, other than the power and duty to reject or to accept and 
approve the same. 

It is the duty of this Commission to notify the President of the 
United States when provision shall have been made for the buildings 
contemplated by the Act of Congress, and, when such buildings shall 
have been erected, to provide for their dedication with appropriate 
ceremonies. 

The Commission is also to report to the President from time to time 
the progress of the work, including such regulations as it may adopt, and 
in the final report present a full exhibit of the results of the Exposition. 

Your Committee submit further, that the action of the Commission 
in the approval of the site, or in the approval of plans and specifications 
for the buildings, does not necessarily exhaust or extinguish its power 
over these subjects. Such action may be reconsidered, but of course 
the reconsideration must be had within reasonable time and upon good 
and sufficient grounds. 

The Illinois corporation is charged with the duty of furnishing the Duties of the 
necessary grounds and buildings for the Exposition, this duty to be gi°\^^x. 
exercised, as has already been seen, subject to the power of this Commis- ffpSa-'* 
sion to approve or disapprove either the site or the plans and specifica- sme°o?^ 
tions for the buildings. 

When the site shall have been finally selected and accepted, and the 
plans and specifications for the buildings finally approved, the preparation 



74 World^s Columbian Commission. 

^se°sfon- ^^ ^^^ grounds and the erection of the buildings will fall within the scope 
FirstDay. of the powers conferred upon the Illinois corporation, and this Commis- 
sion and the public must rely upon the zeal, energy, and good faith of 
that corporation and its managing officers for the due performance of 
these most important duties. 

Whilst the Illinois corporation, "The World's Columbian Exposition," 
has power to prescribe rules and regulations governing rates for entrance 
and admittance fees, and otherwise affecting the rights, privileges, and 
interests of exhibitors and the public, and for the general conduct of 
the financial affairs and the orderly management and control of the 
exhibition during the time it may continue, that power is to be exercised 
subject to the right ot the majority of this Commission to modify such 
rules and regulations, and subject to the exclusive power of this Commis- 
sion to allot space to exhibitors, to classify exhibits, to determine the plan 
and scope of the exhibition, to appoint judges and examiners, to award 
premiums, and generally to have charge of the intercourse with exhibitors 
and with the representatives of foreign nations. 

The Illinois corporation is to supply the necessary funds, and fur- 
nish the grounds and buildings, and generally to have direct control of 
the administrative details in the management of the Exposition during the 
time it shall be open to the public, and for these purposes will act through 
its own officers, agents, and employes. 

The power of general supervision and control, and as to the matters 
hereinbefore specifically named, of exclusive control, rests in and must 
be exercised by this Commission, to the end that there shall be given to 
the Exposition that National and International character contemplated bv 
the Congress of the United States. 

All of which we respectfully submit. 

William Lindsay, 
Geo. V. Massey, 
• J. W. St. Clair, 

L. Gregg, 

B. B. Sm ALLEY, 

Wm. J. Sewell. 



The consideration of the report was made the special order for 
Tuesday, September i6th, at 12 noon. 

Mr. McDonald, for a Sub-Committee on Permanent Organization, 
submitted the following report of the Sub-Committee on the powers 
and duties of the Board of Lady Managers, which was ordered to lie 
upon the table and be printed: 



Minutes of the Second Session, 75 



REPORT of a Sub- Committee on Permanent Orzanization to the full^^^^^^ 

■^ & J Session— 

Committee^ Defining the Powers and Duties of the Board of Lady ^^'"^^ ^^y* 
Managers. 

Chicago, September 12, 1890. 
To the Committee on Permanent Organization. World's Columbian C(?w- Report on 

*^ the pow- 

mission : ersand 

duties of 

Gentlemen : Your Sub-Committee, appointed at the meeting of of^^d?"^ 
September 11, for the purpose of defining the duties and powers of the 
Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Commission, held a 
meeting at the Grand Pacific Hotel, this city, on the evening of the 
nth September, and beg leave respectfully to submit to the full 
Committee the following report : 

That the Board of Lady Managers, to be appointed by the President 
of this Commission, in accordance with the resolution adopted June 30, 
1890, be and they are hereby appointed officers of said Commission, and 
shall be called together by the President of this Commission at such 
time and place as he may deem proper, and they shall organize at the 
first meeting of the said Board of Lady Managers, by the election of 
such officers and appointment of such committees as may be necessary 
for the furtherance of their work. 

They shall have charge of the Woman's Department of the World's 
Columbian Commission, to which all branches of woman's work shall 
be referred. 

They shall have control of, and prepare, in a building set apart 
for that purpose, an industrial exhibit, and in every way arrange for the 
comfort and convenience of women and children in said building. 

They shall have power to appoint one or more members of all com- 
mittees authorized to award prizes for exhibits which may be produced in 
whole or in part by female labor. 

The Lady-Alternate Managers shall assume and perform the duties of 
such Lady Manager or Managers as may be unable to attend the meet- 
ings of the said Board of Lady Managers. 

Whenever such Lady Manager is unable to attend any meeting or 
meetings of said Board of Lady Managers, then and in such case it shall 
be her duty to notify her Alternate. 

The Lady Managers, as officers of this Commission, shall receive 
their actual expenses for transportation and the sum of six dollars per 
day, for each day they are necessarily engaged on the business of said 
Board of Managers. 

The Officers of said Board of Lady Managers shall receive such 
compensation as may be fixed by the Executive Committee of the World's 



76 WorlW s Columbian Commission. 

Second Columbian Commission, subiect to the approval of the Secretary of the 

Session— ■' ' ^ 

First Day. Treasury, which shall be paid out of the sums appropriated by Congress 
in aid of such Exposition. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

Mark L. McDonald, 
E. B. Martindale, 
A. M. Cochran. 

Sub- Committee. 



Mr. McDonald also presented the following report of the Sub-Com- 
mittee in regard to an Exhibit on Mines and Mining, which was ordered 
to lie upon the table and be printed: 

Report on a REPORT of a Sub-Committee on Permanent Organization to the full 

Dropossd -^ ii J 

Exhibit. Committee in reference to the ExJiibit- of Alines and Mining at the 

World's Columbian Exposition. Submitted September ii, 1890. 

Chicago, September 11, 1890. 
To the Committee on Perrnanent Organization: 

Gentlemen: The Sub-Committee on Mines and Mining have the 
honor to report: 

Recognizing the fact that the mineral deposits of the country are one 
of the greatest sources of its wealth," and their development one of the 
most extensive and important of industries, your Committee earnestly 
recommends the establishment of a separate Department, in a separate 
building, to be called the Department of Mines and Mining. Also, that 
in extending to foreign governments an invitation to participate in the 
Exposition, they be especially requested to furnish a complete display of 
their mineral resources, together with the methods and machinery used 
in their mines. This exhibition should include a collection of all known 
minerals, and precious stones, and all forms of stone used for building or 
ornamental purposes, all the productions of the quarries of the world as 
well as the mines. Near the building devoted to this purpose could be 
arranged models of some of the more famous mines of this and other 
countries, which would furnish the public an illustration of the method 
of their operation. A miniature mountain might be erected to show the 
geological formation of mineral lands, and the several processes of 
reducing ores to metal could be shown by introducing miniature smelters 
on the ground. Other suggestions of a similar character might be made, 
for the field offers an almost infinite opportunity for the display of taste 
and ingenuity on the part of the persons who may have charge of the 
department. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 77 

Associated with the collection of ores should be an exhibition of second 

Session- 
mining implements and machinery; not only those used and manufactured ^^^"^^^ i^"y 

in the United States, but it is especially important to secure a complete 

collection from abroad in order that our people may study the methods 

and machinery used in foreign countries, in immediatecontrast with those 

in vogue at home. In no branch of human industry has greater progress 

been made than in mining, and additional interest might be attracted 

by a display showing its development from the awkward methods of the 

ancients to the complete processes that modern genius has devised. 

Respectfully submitted. 

Mark L. McDonald, 
r. e. goodell, 
E. B. Martindale. 



Mr. McKenzie also submitted a letter of Professor G. Brown 
Goode, of the Smithsonian Institution, transmitting a draft of a 
proposed system of classification, prepared by him at the request of the 
Committee, and some suggestions regarding classification, installation, and 
catalogue by Prof. Thomas Wilson, and the President submitted a letter 
from Hon. Robert P. Porter, Superintendent of the Eleventh Census, 
transmitting a proposed plan for a system of awards, all of which were 
referred to the Committee on Classification hereafter to be appointed. 

Mr. Groner, as Chairman of the Committee on Titles and Local 
Facilities, asked for an extension of time to prepare the report of that 
Committee, which was granted. 

Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 

Resolved, That when the Commission adjourns this day it shall Hours for 

•' daily ses- 

be until to-morrow morning at 10.30 o'clock, and that hereafter there sions. 
shall be two sessions of the Commission each day, the first beginning at 
10.30 a. m., and closing at 12.30 p. m., and the second beginning at 
2.30 p. M., and closing at 5.30 p. m. 

Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted : 

Resolved, That the Secretary be and he is hereby instructed to engage v^^rbatim 

report 

stenographers to take and transcribe the proceedings of this Commission, ordered. . 

Mr. Harrison, of Minnesota, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted: 



78 World's Columbian Commission. 

Second Resolved. That the officers and Directors of the World's Colum- 

Sesslon— 

First Day. bi an Exposition Association of Chicago be and they are hereby invited 
to seats within the bar of this Commission whenever it is in session. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, offered the following resolution, which, 
after some discussion, was adopted: / 

Resolved, That the President of the Commission be requested to 
report his appointment of members of the Executive Committee Wednes- 
day morning. 

The Commission then adjourned until Tuesday morning at 10.30. 



Second Session — Second Day, Tuesday, Sept. 16, 1890. 

Second ses- The Commission met at 10.^0 a. m., in the Andrews Hall. 

slon— Sec- ^ 

ond Day. 

Roll Call. 
Rou-caii. Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; Kentucky, 

W. Lindsay; Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; Mis- 
souri, R. C. Kerens; New York, G. W. Allen;, Pennsylvania, P. A. B. 
Widener; Texas, H. Exall. 

Commissioners of States. — Alabama, F. G. Bromberg, O. R. Hund- 
ley; Arkansas, J. D. Adams, L. Gregg; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. 
V. Skiff; Connecticut, T. M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. 
Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; 
Idaho, G. A. Manning, J. E. Stearns; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; 
Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. I. Buchanan, J. Hayes, 
alternate; Kansas, C. K. Holliday, Jr., F. W. Lanyon, alternate; Kentucky, J. 
Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; 
Maine,' A. R. Bixby, C. S. Edwards, alternate; Maryland, G. M. Upshur, 
alternate; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Rich- 
mond; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. 
Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene; Montana, L. H. Hersh- 
field, A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, Euclid Martin, A. G. Scott; Nevada, J. 
W. Haines, G. Russell; New Hampshire, F. E. Kaley, alternate; New Jer- 
sey, W. J. Sewell, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, 
alternate; North Carolina, A. B. Andrews, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, 
H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, W. Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate; Oregon, 
M. Wilkins, J. L. Morrow, alternate; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 79 

Woodside; Rhode Island, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, second ses- 

' 7 ' ' ' 81 on — Sec- 

J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, alternate; South Dakota, M. H. Day, ^^^^'^y- 
Tennessee, R. Strong, A. B. Hurt, alternates; Texas, A. M. Cochran, 
J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, H. H. Mclntyre, B. B. Smalley; Virginia, 
V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris; Washington, W. Bingham, C. B. Bagley, alter- 
nates; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr.; 
Wyoming, H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate; Arizona, G. F. Coats; New 
Mexico, T. C. Gutierres, R. M.White; Oklahoma, O. Beeson, J. D.'Miles; 
Utah, P. H. Lannan, W. M. Ferry, alternate; District of Columbia, A. A. 
Wilson, E. K. Johnson, alternate. 

Mr. Tousley, of Minnesota, moved, and it was so voted, that matter 
in the minutes already read in yesterday's proceedings be omitted. 

The minutes of the first day's meeting were read and adopted. 

Mr. Lindsay, as Chairman of the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and 
Regulations, submitted the following report, and moved that it lie on the 
table and be printed: 

REP OR T of the Committee on Rules, By-Laws ^ and Regulations, Septe7nber Report on 

- „ . Rules of 

10, 1890. Order. 

RULES OF ORDER AND PROCEDURE. 

Touching the Duties of the President. 

1. He shall take the Chair every day, precisely at the hour to which 
the Commission shall stand adjourned, and on the appearance of a 
quorum shall cause the Journal of the preceding day to be read. 

2. He shall preserve decorum and order; may speak to points 
of order in j5reference to Commissioners on the floor, rising from his 
chair for that purpose. He shall decide questions of order, subject to 
an appeal to the Commission on request of any two Commissioners. 

3. He may state a question sitting, but shall rise to put a question 
to the vote of the Commission. 

4. Questions shall be distinctly put in this form, viz.: "All you who 
are of opinion that (as the question may be), say 'Aye.' You of the 
contrary opinion, say ' No.' " If the presiding officer doubt, or a division 
be called for, the Commission shall divide; those in the affirmative shall 
first rise from their seats, and afterward those in the negative. If the 
presiding officer still doubt, or a count be required, the presiding officer 
shall name two Commissioners, one from each side, to tell those in the 
affirmative and the negative; and the result being reported, he shall rise 
and state the decision to the Commission. And on every vote there shall 
be a call of the ayes and noes when demanded by five Commissioners. 



80 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- c The presicliii": officer may examine and correct the Journal 

Blon— Sec- ^ r o J 

ondDny. bcforc it is read. 

6. In case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries 
or lobbies, the presiding officer shall have oower to order the same to be 
cleared. 

Order of Business. 

7. As soon as the Journal is read and approved, the presiding officer 
shall call for communications and memorials. The same having been 
presented and disposed of, reports, first from the standing and then 
from select committees, shall be called for; next, motions and resolu- 
tions; and if on any day the whole of the committees have not been 
called, or, being called, shall not have finished their reports, or any 
report shall not have been disposed of, the presiding officer, on the next 
day, shall commence where he left off on the preceding day, and so on 
until all are called. 

Decorum and Order. 

8. When a Commissioner is about to speak in debate or deliver 
any matter to the Commission, he shall rise from his seat and respectfully 
address himself to *' Mr. President," and, being recognized by the pre- 
siding officer, may proceed, but shall confine himself to the question 
under debate, and avoid personalities. 

9. If any Commissioner, in speaking, or otherwise, transgress the 
rules of the Commission, the presiding officer shall, or any member may, 
call him to order; in which case the member so called to order shall 
immediately sit down, unless permitted to explain; and the Commission, 
if appealed to, shall decide on the case; if there be no appeal, the decision 
of the presiding officer shall be submitted to. If the decision be in 
favor of the Commissioner called to order, he shall be.at liberty to 
proceed; if otherwise, he shall not be at liberty to proceed without leave 
of the Commission; and if the case require it, he shall be liable to the 
censure of the Commission. 

10. If a Commissioner be called to order by another for words 
spoken in debate, the exceptional words shall be immediately taken down 
in writing by the Secretary, that the presiding officer may be better able 
to judge of the matter. 

11. When two or more Commissioners rise at once, the presiding 
officer shall name the Commissioner who first addressed the Chair as the 
one entitled to the floor. 

12. No Commissioner shall speak more than twice to the same ques- 
tion without leave of the Commission, nor more than once until every 
Commissioner choosing to speak shall have spoken. But the Chairman 



Minutes of the Second Session. 81 

of a committee reportino:, or the mover of the pending resolution or second ses- 
^ ^- 1 o si on— Sec- 

proposition, shall have the right to conclude the debate. ondoay. 

13. While the presiding officer is putting any questioti or addressing 
the Commission, none shall walk out or across the chamber; nor when 
a Commissioner is speaking shall any other entertain private discourse, 
or pass between him and the Chair. 

14. No Commissioner shall vote on any question in the event of 
which he is immediately or particularly interested, or in any case where 
he was not present when the question was put, unless by the unanimous 
consent of the Commission. 

15. Every Commissioner who shall be present when the question 
is put shall give his vote, unless the Commission, for special reasons, 
or the presiding officer, upon being satisfied that the motion or request is 
made for dilatory purposes, shall excuse him. 

16. When a motion is made and seconded, it shall be stated by the 
presiding officer, or, being in writing, shall be handed to the Chair, and 
read aloud by the Clerk, before debated. 

17. Every motion shall be reduced to writing, if the presiding offi- 
cer or any Commissioner desire it. 

18. After a motion is stated by the presiding officer, or read by the 
Clerk, it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Commission, but 
may be withdrawn if there be no objection at any time before a decision 
or amendment. 

Dignity and Privilege of Questions. 

19. When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received 
but to fix the time to which the Commission shall adjourn, to adjourn, 
to lie on the table, for the previous question, to postpone to a day certain, 
to commit, or to postpone indefinitely, which several motions shall have 
precedence in the order in which they are arranged. 

20. When a motion is made to refer any subject, and different com- 
mittees are named, the question shall be taken in the following order: 
I. To a committee of the whole. 2. A standing committee. 3. A select 
committee. 

21. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order; that, and the 
motion to lie on the table, to suspend the rules, and for the previous 
question, shall be decided without debate. 

22. The previous question b^ing moved and seconded by not less 
than ten Commissioners, the question from the Chair shall be, " Shall the 
main question be now put ?" and if the nays prevail, the main question 
shall not then be put. But a refusM to order the previous question shall 
not bar the Commission from forthwith proceeding to the consideration 



82 World's CoLumhiav, Commission. 

Second ses- of the subjcct. The effects of the previous question shall be to put an 
ondDly^"' end to all debate (except that the chairman of the committee reporting, 
or the mover of the pending resolution or motion, may occupy not more 
than twenty (20) minutes in concluding the debate after such order) and 
bring the Commission to a direct vote upon amendments offered, or read 
for information, before ordering the previous question, and then upon the 
main question. After the previous question has been ordered, and until 
it shall have been exhausted, no motion shall be allowed by the presiding 
officer, except one motion to adjourn, and to fix the time to which the 
Commission shall adjourn. A second motion for the previous question 
shall not be in order on the same day, upon the same question, at the 
same stage thereof. 

23. When a question is postponed indefinitely, the same shall not 
be acted on again during the session. 

24. Any Commissioner may call for a division of the question, 
which shall be divided, if it comprehends questions so distinct that, one 
being taken away, the rest may stand entire for the decision of the Com- 
mission; a motion to strike out and insert shall be deemed divisible. 
But a motion to strike out being lost, shall preclude neither amendment 
nor a motion to strike out and insert. Nor shall a motion to strike out 
and insert one thing, being lost, preclude a motion to strike out and in- 
sert a different thing. 

25. Motions and reports on any subject may be committed at the 
pleasure of the Commission. 

26. A motion to postpone, or commit an amendment, thereby to sep- 
arate it from the main question, shall not be in order. 

27. No motion to reconsider any vote given shall be made unless 
within two days (Sundays excepted) after such vote was given, unless a 
majority of three-fourths present concur therein; and the motion to 
reconsider shall be a privileged motion, and must be made by a Commis- 
sioner who voted with the prevailing side. 

28. No motion or proposition different from that under considera- 
tion shall be admitted under color of amendment. 

29. When a paper is first presented to the Commission, it shall be 
a matter of right in any Commissioner to have it read before the Com- 
mission shall vote upon it. If the paper has been once read, or the read- 
ing dispensed with, and the reading be again required and objected to, 
it shall be determined by a vote of the Commission. 

30. The unfinished business in which the Commission was engaged 
at the last preceding adjournment shall have the preference in that class 
of business to which it appropriately belongs; and no motion, or any 
other business, unless a privileged one, shall be received, without special 
leave of the Commission, until the former is disposed of. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 83 

^i. The standins: rules of the Commission and the rearular order of secoidses- 
•^ ^ ^ sion— Sec- 

business shall not be suspended or interrupted, unless by a vote of two- ondoay. 

thirds of the Commissioners present. 

32. Communications, memorials, and other papers, addressed to the 
Commission, shall be presented by the presiding officer, or by a member 
in his place; a brief statement of the contents thereof shall be verbally 
made by the introducer before received or disposed of. 

^2,' Upon call of the Commission to take the yeas and nays on any 
question, the names of the Commissioners at Large shall first be called in 
alphabetical order, then the Commissioners of the States in the alphabet- 
ical order of the States; then the Commissioners of the Territories in the 
alphabetical order of the Territories; and then the Commissioners of the 
District of Columbia. The ayes and noes shall not be ordered unless 
upon the demand of five (5) Commissioners. 

34. No committee shall sit during the sitting of the Commission 
without special leave. 

35. All questions of order shall be noted by the Clerk upon the 
Journal, with a decision thereon when an appeal shall be taken. 

2,6. All questions relating to the order of business to be acted upon 
shall be decided without debate. 

37. Every motion to alter, change, or add to the standing rules of 
the Commission, shall be referred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, 
and Regulations. And all resolutions presented shall be disposed of by 
the Commission, unless postponed, referred, or committed to a committee. 

38. An order to lay on the table an amendment, or substitute, shall 
not carry with it the original proposition or motion. 

• Quorum. 

39. A quorum shall consist of not less than a majority of the Com- 
missioners, but the Alternates representing absent Commissioners shall be 
counted as Commissioners. 



Mr. Mercer, of Wyoming, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved^ That the Secretary be, and he is hereby directed to pro- 
cure another hall for the meetings of this body and have the same ready 
for occupancy to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock; and in the selection of a 
room, the matter of acoustics is to be considered, as also some accommo- 
dations in the way of retiring and toilet rooms. 

Mr. Butt, of West Virginia, moved the following amendment 

That a committee of five be appointed by the President to act with 
the Secretary in selecting another hall. 



84 World's Columbian Commission. 

secondse8- The Secretary had the clerk read the resolution by which he was 

ond Day!" instructed to sccurc a hall for the use of the Commission, and stated that 
after careful examination of a number of halls, the one finally selected was 
found to be the most convenient, centrally located, and generally eligible. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved to lay the matter on the table. 
A division was called for and the motion was lost: Ayes, 34; noes, 45. 

On motion of Mr. Upshur, alternate from Maryland, it was voted 
that no other hall be accepted unless provided with individual desks. 

The amendment of Mr. Butt was adopted, and the original resolu- 
tion as amended was unanimously carried. 

The President appointed, as the Select Committee to act with the 
Secretary and procure another hall, Messrs. Mercer, Butt, Kerens, Har- 
rison, and Adams. 

Mr. Way, of Georgia, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the Report of the Committee on Permanent Organiza- 
tion be accepted and adopted, and that they be discharged from further 
service, with the thanks of the Commission for the faithful performance of 
the duties intrusted to them, 

Mr. McKenzie offered the following as, a substitute for the resolution 

of Mr. Way: 

I move the adoption of the Report of the Committee on Permanent 
Organization, made yesterday by its Chairman, and that the two subse- 
quent reports made from the same Committee lie on the table for future 
consideration, and that the Committee be discharged. 

After protracted debate the substitute was adopted, and a motion of 
Mr. McKenzie to reconsider the vote and to lay that motion on the table 

was carried. 

At 12 o'clock noon the report of the Judiciary Committee, being the 
special order, was called up by Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, Chairman of 
the Committee, who moved the adoption of the report. 

Mr. Bromberg, of Alabama, moved that the report be recommitted 
with instructions, and pending debate, the Commission adjourned at 12.30. 



Recess. 



The Commission reassembled at 2.30 p. m., and Mr. Mercer, as Chair- 
man of the Select Committee to act with the Secretary in securing another 
hall, presented the following report: 
Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: 

Sir: Your Committee appointed in conjunction with Secretary Dick- 
inson to secure another hall for the meetings of the Commission, beg 



Minutes of the Second Session. 85 

leave to report that they have examined several places, and at the susr- second ses- 

i^ J ' ' o sion— Sec- 

gestion of Mr. W. R. Kerr, a member of the City Council, and through onciDay. 
the courtesy of Hon. Wm. J. Onahan, City Comptroller and Acting Mayor, 
they have secured, free of charge, the use of the Council Chamber, which 
in all its appointments is equal to the United States Senate Chamber; and 
we recommend, therefore, that when the Commission adjourns they ad- 
journ to meet in the Council Chamber of the City of Chicago. All of 
which is respectfully submitted. 

Asa S. Mercer, 

Chairman. 

Mr. Goodell, of Colorado, moved that the report be adopted, and 
that the Commission adjourn at once to the Council Chamber, which was 
carried on a division. Ayes, 24; noes, 21. 

Mr. McClelland, of Pennsylvania, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 

Resolved, That in removing from this hall the members of this Com- 
mission desire to return their thanks to Messrs. A. H. Andrews & Co., 
the proprietors of this building, for the very moderate rental charged for 
the use of the hall and the gratuitous work done in furnishing and arrang- 
ing the same. 

The Commission then adjourned, and reassembled at 3 o'clock, in Recess, 
the Council Chamber. President Palmer in the chair. 

Mr. McKenzie, moved, and it was voted, that Commissioners take 
seats temporarily as they come into the hall, and that the Secretary 
arrange the permanent seats in accordance with the plan adopted at the 
last place of meeting. 

Mr. Bromberg reduced his pending resolution to writing as follows: 
Resolved, That the report of the Judiciary Committee, defining the 
rights, duties, and powers of the World's Columbian Commission, be 
referred back to said Committee, with instructions to confer with the 
Secretary of the Treasury, and with the Board of Directors of the World's 
Columbian Exposition, for the purpose of ascertaining what are the rela- 
tive rights, duties, and powers of the World's Columbian Commission, 
and of the corporation of Illinois known as the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition; and to report upon and define the rights, duties, and powers of 
this Commission and of said corporation. 

[Vice-President Waller in the chair.] 

After considerable debate the resolution was lost, and the motion 
of Mr. Lindsay to adopt the report and discharge the Committee was 
adopted, and the motion of Mr. Way to reconsider and to lay that motion 
on the table was carried. 



86 World's Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- Mr. Groncr, of Virtiinia, offered the following resolution: 

ondDay. Resolvcd, That it is the highest duty of this Commission, in the dis- 

charge of the trusts reposed in it by the act of Congress, to perform such 
of its functions as have a special relation to the general scope of the 
Exposition, in such manner as will emphasize and maintain the National 
and International character thereof; and that among these functions none 
is more significant in this behalf than that of the selection of the Director- 
General, who, as the general ministerial officer of the Commission, will be 
peculiarly representative of the character of the Exposition; and, to this 
end, 

Resolved, That this Commission hereby reconsiders the action here- 
tofore taken determining the mode of selecting a Director-General; and 
that such officer shall be chosen by the Commission, without the recom- 
mendatory action of any committee, on Wednesday next, at 1 1 30 o'clock 

A. M. 

Mr. Bullene, of Missouri, demanded the regular order, but the Vice- 
President ruled that Mr. Groner's resolution was m order. After some 
debate the resolution was put to vote and lost. 

Mr. McDonald called up the Report of the Sub-Committee to the 
Committee on Permanent Organization in regard to Mines and Mining. 

After some debate, on motion of Mr. St; Clair, of West Virginia, the 
report was referred to the Committee on Mines and Mining when ap- 
pointed. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, called up the Report of the Sob-Com- 
mittee of the Committee on Permanent Organization, on the powers and 
duties of the Board of Lady Managers. 

Mr. Mclntyre, of Vermont, moved that the report be referred to the 
Executive Committee when appointed. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, moved to amend and refer the report to 

the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations, and after considerable 

debate Mr. Mclntyre accepted the amendment and the motion prevailed, 

the Committee being directed to report Thursday morning. 

One Dally A/[j. Scwell. of Ncw lersev, moved to reconsider the vote by which 

Session. ^'^i. ^^■^ ^ •, j j •> j 

two daily sessions were ordered, and to fix one daily session, beginning at 
10 o'clock and ending at 2 p. m. After some debate the motion was unan- 
imously carried. 

Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, offered the following resolution, which was 
adopted: 

coriiurH' lyi'olved, That the thanks of the World's Columbian Commission 

offlcTHof ^^^ hercbv tendered to Comptroller Onahan, of Chicago, and to Alderman 



Minutes of the Second Session. 87 

Kerr, and to the Citv of Chicago, for the use of the Council Ciiamber of second ses 

*=• . 8lon-Sec- 

the City of Chicago during the sessions of the Commission. oudOay 

Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved^ That the Secretary be requested to furnish this Commission, 
as near as practicable, before its adjournment at the present session, with 
a statement of the amount of the appropriation of funds which have been 
consumed, and the amount of outstanding obligations of the Commission 
to date. 

On motion of Mr. Goodell, of Colorado, the resolution was referred 
to the Committee on Finance when appointed. 

On motion of Mr. Martindale, the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and 
Regulations was instructed to report rules fixing salaries for such officers 
as the Commission has already appointed. 

The report of the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations 
was taken up, and after some debate was unanimously adopted. 

The Commission then adjourned until lo o'clock Wednesday morning. 



Second Session — Third Day, Wednesday, Sept. 17, 1890. 

The Commission met at 10 a. m. President Palmer in the chair, second ses- 
sion — 

Third Day. 

Roll Call. 

Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; Kentucky, Rou-caii. 
W. Lindsay; Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; 
Missouri, R. C. Kerens; New York, G. W. Allen; Pennsylvania, P. A. B. 
Widener; Texas, H. Exall. 

Commissioners of States. — Alabama, F. G. Bromberg, O. R. Hund- 
ley; Arkansas, J. D. Adams, L. Gregg; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J- V. 
Skiff; Connecticut, T. ]M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; 
Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; Idaho, 
G. A. Manning; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Gar- 
vin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. I. Buchanan, J. Hayes, alternate; Kansas, 
C K. HoUiday, Jr., F. W. Lanyon, alternate; Kentucky, J. Bennett, J. A. 
McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, A. 
R. Bixby, C S Edwards, alternate; Maryland, L. Lowndes, G. M. Upshur, 
alternate; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. 
Richmond; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison. O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. 



88 World's Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- Bvnum, R. L. Sauiiders; Missouri, T. B. BuUcne; Montana, L. H. Hersh- 

slon— Third 

^''*' field; Nebraska, Euclid Martin, A. G. Scott; Nevada, J. \V. Haines, G. 

Russell; New Hampshire, F. E. Kaley, alternate; New Jersey, W.J. Sew- 
ell, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, alternate; T^'orih 
Carolina, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, W. 
Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate; Oregon, M. Wilkins, J, L. Morrow, alter- 
nate; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; Rhode Island, L. 
B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, alternate; 
South Dakota, M. H. Day, L. S. Bullard, alternate; Tennessee, R. Strong, 
alternate; A. B. Hurt, alternate; Texas, A. M. Cochran, J. T. Dickinson; 
Vermont, H. H. Mclntyre, B. B. Smalley; Virginia, V. D. Groner, J. T. 
Harris; Washington, W. Bingham, alternate, C. B. Bagley, alternate; West 
Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr.; Wyoming, 
H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate; Arizona, G. F. Coats; New Mexico, 
T. C. Gutierres, R. M. White; Oklahoma, O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, 
P. H. Lannan, W. M. Ferry, alternate; District of Columbia, A. A. Wil- 
son, E. K. Johnson, alternate. 

Mr. Smalley, of Vermont, moved that the reading of the minutes be 
dispensed with, and that the minutes for previous sessions be approved as 
printed. A division was called for and the motion prevailed; ayes. ^6; 
noes, 2. 

The President announced the appointment of the Executive Com- 
mittee as follows: 

Executive Committee. 
Membersof M. L. McDonald, Commissioner-at-Lare^e; R. C. Kerens, Commis- 

theExecu- ' *=• ' ' 

mluee!™' sioner-at- Large; Henry Exall, Commissioner-at-Large; P. A. B. Widener, 
Commissioner-at-Large; Jno. T. Harris, Virginia; Wm. J. Sewell, New 
Jersey; B. B. Smalley, Vermont; E. B. Martindale, Indiana; Jno. Boyd 
Thacher, New York; Francis W. Breed, Massachusetts; Euclid Martin, 
Nebraska; Reese R. Price, Kansas; M. B. Harrison, Minnesota; Jas. D. 
Butt, West Virginia; Adlai T. Ewing, Illinois; Wm. F. King, Iowa; H. 
P. Piatt, Ohio; L. McLaws, Georgia; T. L. Williams, Tennessee; Joseph 
Hirst, Florida; R. L. Saunders, Mississippi; L. H. Hershfield, Montana; 
R. E. Goodell, Colorado; A. T. Britton, District of Columbia; Jas. A. 
McKenzie, Kentucky; the President, as Chairman of the Committee by 
resolution of the Commission adopted July ist, 1890. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 89 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, for the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, second ses- 

-' ' ' y J J sion— Third 

and Regulations,- submitted the following report : ^"^" 

REPORT of the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations of the By- ^^{jl^^'com. 
Laws for the Government of the Commission. Rilieland 

By-Laws. 

BY-LAWS OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COrvIMISSION. 

Article First. 

Official Title. 

This body shall be known by the title of the " World's Columbian Commission," 
as designated by the act of Congress, approved April 25, 1890; and the celebration 
with reference to which the Commission is created shall be known as the " World's 
Columbian Exposition." 

Article Second 

Quorum. 

A quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of not less than a majority 
of tlie Commissioners, but the Alternates representing absent Commissioners shall 
be counted as Commissioners. 

Article Third. 

Powers of Alternate Commissioner. 
An x\ltern:ite Commissioner shall assume and perform the duties of the Commis- 
sioner whose Alternate he i^ only when his principal may be unable to attend the 
meetings of the Commission. Service upon standing or special committees shall 
not devolve upon an Alternate Commissioner whose principal is a member thereof, 
unless ill the absence of such principal service upon such committee shall be specially 
assigned to the Alternate by the Commission. 

Article Fourth. 

Officers of the Commission. 

The officers of this Commission shall consist of a President, whose official 
title shall be President of the "World's Columbian Commission;" five Vice-Presi- 
dents, who shall be denominated, First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Vice- 
President; the First Vice-President shall be of opposite politics to the President, 
and the other four shall be divided equally in politics; a Secretary; a Director- 
General; all of whom shnll hold their offices at the pleasure of the Commission, 
and the Board of Lady Managers authorized by Section 6 of the act of Congress, 
of the number hereinafter specified, and as heretofore fixed by the Commission. 

Article Fifth. 

Executive Committee. 
There shall be an Executive Committee, consisting of twenty-six members, of 
whom the President shall be one, and ex-officio Chaiiman, and the remaining twenty- 
five shall be by him appointed in accordance with the spirit of the act of Congress. 
The said Committee, when the Commission is not in session, shall have all the 
powers of the National Commission, except in cases in which the act of Con- 
gress requires the action of the Commission or a majority of the Commissioners. 
A majority of its members shall constitute a quorum, and the Committee ma}" make 
such regulations for its own government and the exercise of its functions through the 
medium of such Sub-Committees as it may consider expedient. This Committee 



90 World s Columbian Commission. 

Second Ses- sliall select sucli employes and agents as may be necessary, sha41 define their duties 
Day" :ind tix their compensation. They shall report fully all their transactions to the 

Commission at its stated and special meetings. In case of any vacancy in the 
Committee, the same shall be filled by appointment by the President. 

Article Sixth. 

Duties of tJie President. 

The President shall preside over all the meetings of the Commission, and shall 
appoint all committees, unless otherwise- directed by the Commission, and he shall 
have all the powers and authority incident to the office of President. The Pri'siih nt 
may, and, at the written request of a majority of the Executive Committee or of 
one-third of the members of the Commission shall, call a meeting of the Commission, 
by giving each member reasonable notice of the time and place of such meeting. 

Article Seventh. 

Duties of the Vice-Presidents. 

The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform his duties, 
each taking precedence in numerical order, and, if all the Vice-Presidents be absent, 
the Commission shall elect a temporary presiding officer. 

Article Eighth. 

Duties of the Secretary. 

The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the Commission and be the 
custodian of all documents and records relating to its business. He shall keep a full 
and accurate record of its proceedings and of those of the Executive Committee, and 
shall make report of same, from time to time, as he may be required. He shall have 
power to appoint such assistant secretaries, and select such clerical force, as shall be 
necessary properly to conduct the business of the Commission, subject to the approval 
of the Executive Committee. He shall keep all the accounts of the Commission and 
certify the same to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment All papers, accounts, 
and records in his custody shall at all times be open to inspection on the demand ot 
any Commissioner. 

Article Ninth. 

Duties of the Director- General. 

He shall exercise such supervision, direction, and control of the operation of the 
" World's Columbian Exposition,' within the domain of the powers possesse 1 by the 
Commission, as will tend to promote the efficiency of every agency employed. He 
shall be authorized and instructed to assume and exercise all such executive powers 
and functions as shall be necessary to secure promptness, efficiency, and good faith 
in every department of the work within the purview of the authority of this Com- 
mission, and shall make report of his proceedings to the Executive Committee at such 
times and in such manner as shall be required by siiid Committee, anil shall in all 
matters be subject lothe direction and control of the Executive Committee. 

Article Tenth. 

Standing Committees. 
Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Whose duties shall be to formulate rules and by-laws for submission to the Com- 
mission, and to consider and report on such matters as may be referred to them by 
the Commission. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 91 

Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, Second ses- 

sion—Third 
consisting of sixteen Commissioners, Day- 

Which shall have consideration of all matters relating to tariffs, bonding and 
releasing of goods, and the transportation of goods that may be referred to them by 
the National Commission, in conjunction with such officers of the Treasury as may 
be appointed. 

Committee on Foreign Affairs, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the foreign exhibits of the 
Exposition that may be referred to them by the National Commission or the Exec- 
utive Committee. 

Committee on Legislation, 

consisting of two Commissioners from each State and Territory, 

Which shall have consideration of all matters pertaining to National, State, Ter- 
ritorial, or Municipal legislation affecting this Exposition. 

Committee on Fine Arts, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to Fine Arts which may be 
referred to them by the Commission. 

Committee on Science, History, Literature, and Education, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

^Vhich shall have charge of all matters jDertaining to these subjects that may be 
referred to them by the Commission. 

Committee on Agriculture, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to Agriculture. 
Committee on Live Stock, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 

"Wliich shall have charge of all matters pertaining to Live Stock, including Do- 
mestic Animals, Poultry, and Birds of all varieties. 

Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects. 

Committee on Finance, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the expenditures of this 
Commission under the act of Congress, or such other matters of finance as may be 
referred to them by the Commission. 

Committee on Auditing, 

consisting of four Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of examining and auditing all bills and accounts of the 
Commission. 

Committee on Ceremonies, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the inauguration of the 
World's Columbian Exposition, and all ceremonies connected from time to time 
therewith. 



92 World's Columbian Commission. 

Second Ses- COMMITTEE ON CLASSIFICATION, 

gon-Tiiird consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all subjects pertaining to the classification of exhibits, 
and the limitation of space therefor, as may be referred to them by the Commission. 

Committee on Manufactures, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 
Which shall have charire of all matters pertaining to this subject, or that may 
be referred to them by the Commission. 

Committee on Commerce, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to Commerce thai may be 
referred to them by the Commission. 

Committee on Mines and Mining, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to metallurgy, mines, and 
mining processes, or such as may be referred to them by the Commission. 
Committee on Fisheries and Fish Culture, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects. 
Committee on Electricity and Electrical Appliances, 
consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects. 

Committee on Forestry and Lumber, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects. 

Committee on Machinery, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to machinery, or that may be 
referred to them by the Commission. 

Committee on World's Congresses, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Who shall act in connection with the Local Directory in arranging for the 
exhibits or meetings of any World's Congress that may desire to assemble here 
during the Exposition. 

Article Eleventh. 

Board of Lady Managers. 
The Board of Lady Managers shall con-sist of two women from each State and 
Territory and the District of Columbia, to be nominated by the Commissioners from 
the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia, and of one wc^nan 
to be nominated by each of the Commissioners at-Large, and to be apponitcd by tlie 
President- and also, nine women of the City of Chicago, to be appointed by the 
President! as has been expressly determined by the resolution of the C(>nnnis..ion; 
and a like number of alternates, to be appointed in thesame manner as the principa s 
and to assume the duties and functions of such principals only when the prmcipals 
are unable to attend. Principals and alternates shall be duly commissioned in accord- 
ance with the direction of the Commission. The Board of Lady Managers shall be 



Minutes of the Second Session. 93 

convened by the President of this Commission at such times and places as he may Second ses- 
deem proper, and at the first meeting organized b}' the election of a Chairman and Day" 
Secretary. The Chairman and Secretary shall not be entitled to any compensation 
other than that fixed in this article for each member of the Board. The members of 
this Board shall be officers of the Commission and shall perform such duties in con- 
nection with the "Woman's Department of the Exposition as may be prescribed by 
the Executive Committee cf this Commission. Each member of the Board shall be 
entitled to receive $6.00 per day for each day necessarily absent from home engaged 
in the work of the Commission, and also the expenses for transportation actually 
incurred by her on that account. The alternates shall receive no compensation 
nor expenses of tiansportation except in cases where their principals are unable to 
attend to the duties assigned to them; provided, however, that no Lady Manager 
or alternate shall receive compensation for more than ten days during the fiscal year 
ending June 80, 1891, or for more than twenty davs during the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1892, nor for more than twenty days during the time intervening between 
June So, 1892, and May 1, 1893; and from and after the last mentioned date they 
shall be allowed for so many days' service as shall be performed by them under 
the order and direction of the Executive Committee of this Commission, and no 
such member or alternate shall receive expenses for transportation except the travel 
be authorized by the President of the Commission, or by the Executive Committee 
thereof, and certified accordingly. 

Article Twelfth. 

Stated Meetings. 

There shall be two stated meetings of the Commission in each year during the 
existence of the Commission, to be held on the first "Wednesday of April and on the 
first "Wednesday in September in each year, respectively, commencing with the first 
Wednesday of April, 1891. 

Article Thirteenth. 

Special Meetings. 
Special meetings shall be held upon the call of the President, and such call 
therefor may be made on his own motion, and shall be made at the written request 
of the Executive Committee, or of one-third of the members of the Commission, and 
reasonable notice and the time and place of such meeting shall be given to each 
Commissioner. 

Article Fourteenth. 

Reports of Disbursements. 

It shall be the duty of the Secretary of this Commission, and of any and all other 
officers thereof authorized or empowered to certify any account or voucher for 
expenses incurred in the work of this Commission, to report the same in detail at least 
once each month, and before the tenth day thereof, to the Executive Committee, and 
to make detailed reports of the same to this Commission at each of its stated or 
special meetings, and not later than the third day of each meeting. 

Article Fifteenth. 

Salaries of Officers. 

Annual salaries shall be paid to the President, Secretary, and Director-General 
as follows: 

To the President, a salary of $12,000. 
To the Secretary, a salary of $10,000. 
To the Director-General, a salarv of $15,000. 



94 Worhfs Columbian Commission, 

Second Ses- And such Salaries shall commence lo accrue from the date each has assumed. 

Day" ^'" or shall assume, the duties of liis otfice. 

Article Sixteenth. 

Amendments. 

Anicndmcuts shall only be made by a two-thirds vote of the Commissioners 

present; and all propositions to alter or amend shall be referred to the Committee 

on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations, and be by it considered before any final action 

thereon by the Commission. 

William Lindsay, Chainruin, 
George V. Massey, 

L. GREG(i, 

Philip Allen, Jr., 
J. W. St. Clair, 

B. B. Sm ALLEY, 

Oscar R. Hundley, 
W. J. Sewell. 



Mr. Cochran, of Texas, moved that the report be adopted, as a whole. 

[Vice-President Waller in the chair.] 

Mr. McKenzie offered the following amendment to that section 
of the report constituting the Committee on' Legislation: 

That the Alternate Commissioners from each of the States, Terri- 
tories, and the District of Columbia, be added to the Committee on 
Legislation. 

Mr. Massey raised the point of order that the amendment- required 
the previous reconsideration of a portion of the proceedings of the first 
session of the Commission. 

The Vice-President ruled that the point of order was not well taken. 

After protracted debate, and the submission and rejection of several 
amendments, the amendment of Mr. McKenzie was adopted. 

Several amendments to Article Eleventh of the By-Laws were pro- 
posed, which were rejected or withdrawn, and one by Mr. Groner, of 
Virginia, was adojitted, and on a further motion to amend by Mr. Groner, 
Article Eleventh was ordered recommitted as a whole, with instructions 
to the Committee to report amendments in the line indicated by the 
result of the several votes taken during the progress of the debate. 

The Vice-President then took up the report of the Committee seriatim^ 
and, reading the title to each Article, called for amendments, announcing 
that, unless amendment or objection were made, the Articles would be 
declared adopted. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 95 

On motion of Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, there was inserted after the second ses- 

' ^ y 7 Blon— Third 



title, '* Committee on Forestry," in Article Ten, the following: 



Day. 



Committee on Printing, ^o^Sint-^ 

consisting of six Commissioners, *°^' 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to this subject 
that may be referred to them by the Commission. 

Mr. Gregg, of Arkansas, offered the following substitute for Article 
Fifteenth: 

The President of this Columbian Commission shall receive the same 
salary as a Senator in the United States Congress. 

The Secretary of this Commission shall receive the same salary as a 
Member of the House of Representatives of the United States Congress. 

The Director-General of this Commission shall receive the same 
salary as the Chief- Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

Each officer to be paid from date of entering upon the duties of such 

office. 

Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, moved to lay the substitute on the table, 
but when informed that such motion would cut off debate, withdrew it in 
order to give Mr. Gregg an opportunity to address the Commission. After 
some debate the substitute was unanimously rejected. 

Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, offered the following amendment to Article 
Fifteenth: 

The salary of the Secretary of this Commission shall be §12,000 per 
annum. 

Mr. Smith, of New Jersey, asked what salary was paid the Secretary 
of the World's Columbian Exposition Association, of Chicago, and the 
Vice-President was authorized by Mr. T. B. Bryan, who had been invited 
to a seat beside the Chair, to report that Mr. Butterworth's salary is 
}{io,ooo per year. 

Mr. HoUiday's amendment was rejected and the section was unani- 
mously adopted. 

■Mr. Hundley, of Alabama, offered the following resolution which was 
adopted : 

Resolved, That rule 37 be amended as follows: Strike out the words 
"Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations,^' and insert in lieu thereof the words 
" Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws." 

The question was then put on the adoption of the report of the 
Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws as a whole, with the 
exception of the article recommitted, and it was adopted. 



96 



WorlcVs Columbian Commission. 



second 868- Mr. Way, of Georgia, offered the following resolution, which was 

8lon-Thlrd 

i>='y- adopted: 

Election of Resolved, That as soon as the Executive Committee shall have reported 

Generaf; to this Commission their choice for Director-General, it shall be in order 
for any member of this Commission to nominate a candidate for that 
position. 

After all such nominations have been made, the election of Director 
General shall proceed by written ballot, and the nominee receiving a ma- 
jority of the votes of this Commission shall be declared Director-General 
of the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Mr. Garvin, of Indiana, offered the following resolution, which was 
adopted: 

Resolved, That the report of the Secretary, presented to this Commis- 
sion, be approved, and that the portion of said report relating to the ex- 
penses incurred and advanced by the Secretary in connection with his 
office be referred to the Auditing Committee for action, when said Com- 
mittee shall have been created and organized. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted: 

Resolved, That the Secretary is hereby instructed to have printed in 
pamphlet form, for the use of this Commission, the law of Congress cre- 
ating this Commission; the names of the Commissioners, and their alter- 
nates; the several Committees, including the duties required of them, and 
the names of Commissioners appointed on such Committees, and the by- 
laws, rules, and regulations adopted by the Commissioners. 

Mr. Groner, as Chairman of the Committee on Titles and Local 
Facilities, presented the following report: 

Chicago, Sept. 17th, 1890. 
To the Hon. Thomas IV. Palmer, Preside?7t World's Columbian Commission: 
^?Ee''com- Your Committee on Titles and Local Facilities beg to submit the fol- 

TiuSeu:. lowing preliminary report: 

Since the 10th inst., the first day after the Directors of the World's 
Columbian Exposition took final action on the location of the site, your 
Committee has diligently prosecuted its investigations and collected a 
large amount of information on the questions referred to it; but, before 
reaching a conclusion of their labors, the concurrence of several cor- 
porations must be had. Among others, the concurrence of the South 
Park Commissioners and that of the Illinois Central Railroad Co. must 
be secured, and this work of these bodies your Committee can not in arfy 
way expedite; yet, until their work is concluded and the result presented 
to us, we can not report finally upon the question of title submitted to this 
Committee. 



Manual 
ordered 
to be 
printed. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 97 

This Committee is assured by the Directory, and believe, that the second ses- 

slon— Third 

concurrence of these bodies will be granted, and that the necessary Day- 
papers indicating the same are now in course of preparation and will be 
ready to be presented to this Committee within the additional time herein 
asked for by this Committee. 

We ask until Saturday next to make a further and final report. 

V. D. Groner, Chairman. 

Martin Ryan, 

John E. Garvin, 

Oscar R. Hundley, 

James D. Butt, 

F. J. V. Skiff, 

A. B. Hurt, 

William M. Ferry, 

Adlai T. Ewing, 

L. Brainard. 

The report was accepted and the extension of time allowed. 
Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted: 

Resolved, That in all cases where Commissioners who are members Alternates 

Directed 

of the Executive Committee are absent, their alternates be directed to to serve 

' on the 

represent them on that Committee. commit- 

The Commission took a recess of thirty minutes, and, on again being 
called to order, Mr. Massey, of Delaware, presented the following report 
from the Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws. 

The Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, to whom was 
committed so much of their original report on By-Laws as is contained in 
Article Eleventh thereof, for revision in accordance with the sentiment 
expressed by the Commission, beg leave to submit the following as their 
report thereon, to- wit: That Article Eleventh of the By-Laws shall be 
as follows: 

Article Eleventh. 

" Board of Lady Managers.'* 

The Board of Lady Managers shall consist of two women from each 
State and territory and the District of Columbia, to be nominated by 
Commissioners from the several States and Territories and the District of 
Columbia, and of one woman to be nominated by each of the Com- 
missioners at Large, and to be appointed by the President; and also nine 
women of the City of Chicago, to be appointed by the President, as 
has been expressly determined by the order of the Commission; and a 
like number of alternates, to be appointed in the same manner as the 
principals, and to assume the duties and functions of such principals only 



Executive 

Con 

tee. 



98 World's Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- when the principals are unable to attend. Principals and alternates shall 
^a?- ^ be duly commissioned in accordance with the direction of the Commission. 
The Board of Lady Managers shall be convened by the order of the 
Executive Committee of the Commission, at such time and place as it 
may deem proper, and, when so convened, shall organize by the election 
of a Chairman and Secretary. The duration of such first meeting, as well 
as the number and duration of each subsequent meeting, shall be wholly 
under the control and be determined by said Executive Committee. 
The members of this Board shall be officers of the Commission, and shall 
perform such duties in connection with the Woman's Department of the 
Exposition as said Executive Committee shall prescribe. Each member 
of the Board shall be entitled to receive six dollars per day for each 
day necessarily absent from home engaged in the work of the Commission, 
and also the expenses for transportation actually incurred by her on 
that account. The alternates shall receive no compensation nor expenses 
for transportation, except in cases where their principals are unable to 
attend to the duties assigned to them. No expenses for transportation 
shall be allowed except the travel be authorized by the said Executive 
Committee and certified accordingly. 

The report was unanimously adopted, and the Commission, at 2 
o'clock, adjourned. 



Second Session— Fourth Day, Thursday, Sept. 18, 1890. 

second sei- The Commission met at 10 o'clock a. m. President Palmer in the 

Blon— 

Salf^ chair. 

Roll Call. 
Ron Call. Commissioners-at-Large.— California, M. L.'McDonald; Kentucky. 

W. Lindsay; Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, T. \V. Palmer; 
Missouri, R. C. Kerens; New York, G. W. Allen; Pennsylvania, P. A. B. 
Widener; Texas, H. Exall. 

Commissioners of States.— Alabama, F. G. Bromberg, O. R. Hund- 
ley; Arkansas, J. D. Adams, L. Gregg; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. 
V. Skiff; Connecticut, T. M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. 
Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; 
Idaho, G. A. Manning; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. 



Minutes of the Second Sessiov. 99 

E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. I. Buchanan, J. Hayes, alternate; se.;;;;;^se8- 
Kansas, C. K. HoUiday, Jr., R. R. Price; Kentucky, J. Bennett, J. A. Da".' 
McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, 
A. R. Bixby, C. S. Edwards, alternate; Maryland, L. Lowndes, G. ^L 
Upshur, alternate; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, 
C. H. Richmond; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, 
J. M. Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene; Montana, L. H. 
Hershfield, A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, Euclid Martin, A. G. Scott; Ne- 
vada, J. W. Haines, G. Russell; New Hampshire, F. E. Kaley, alternate; 
New Jersey, W. J. Sewell, T. Smith; New^ York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. 
Breslin, alternate; North Carolina, A. B. Andrews, T. B. Keogh; North 
Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, W. Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate; 
Oregon, M. Wilkins, J. L. Morrow, alternate; Pennsylvania, W. McClel- 
land, J. W. Woodside; Rhode Island, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Caro 
lina, J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, alternate; South Dakota, M. H. Day, 
L. S. Bullard, alternate; Tennessee, R. Strong, A. B. Hurt, alternates; 
Texas, A. M. Cochran, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, H. H. Mclntyre, B. B. 
Smalley; Virginia, V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris; Washington, W. Bing- 
ham, C. B. Baglev. alternates; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair; 
Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr.; Wyoming, H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate; 
Arizona, G. F. Coats; New Mexico, T. C. Gutierres, R. M. White; Okla- 
homa, O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, P. H. Lannan, W. M. Ferry, alter-, 
nate; District of Columbia, A. A. Wilson, E. K. Johnson, alternate. 

Mr. Smalley moved that the minutes be approved as printed and 
the reading dispensed with. 

The Secretary submitted the following report in the matter of seats: 
Report of Secretary Dickinson. 

Gentlemen: In reference to the location of seats for the Commis- 
sioners in this chamber, I beg to state that the problem I had to solv?e 
was to place io6 men on a floor arranged to accommodate 68. In order 
to follow, so far as possible, the expressed desire of this Commission, I 
have kept strictly to the ballot allotment formerly made so far as the 68 
seats were concerned, gaining four seats near the center door, and have 
taken every available space in the chamber. Beginning first on the left 
in the corner, where there is space for eight, then following down the left 
I get eight more. In order to seat the eighteen remaining gentlemen I 
have been obliged to arrange the Press on the left (where, I trust, they 
will be equally comfortable), and have placed six numbers next in order 



loo WorlcV s Columhian Commission. 

Second ses- in the balcony on the right, and finally the other twelve in the only space 
Fourth left, in the corner. It may appear to some that single desks might have 
been placed here and there, but it must be borne in mind that odd desks 
would not only break the order of the States, but separate the Associate 
Commissioners. I have studied the position in every aspect, and have 
made the best possible disposition of it, so far as desks and chairs are 
concerned. I beg to say, also, that it has been impossible to obtain im- 
mediately a sufficient number of single desks, so that I am obliged to ask 
indulgence where I have placed two Commissioners at a double desk. 

Should this arrangement not meet with the approval of the Commis- 
sion, and they desire a new ballot, I have the tickets prepared for that 

purpose. 

Respectfully submitted, 

John T. Dickinson, 

Secretary. 

Mr. Way, of Georgia, moved that a new drawing of seats be made. 
A division was called for, and the motion was lost: Ayes, 28; noes, 2>^. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, moved, and it was voted, that Commis- 
sioners who are not seated satisfactorily be authorized to occupy the seats 
of any Commissioners who are absent. 

Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, presented the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 

Resolved^ That immediately after the conclusion of the regular order 
of business to-morrow (PYiday) morning, this Commission shall proceed 
. to elect a Director-General. 

Mr. Thacher, of New York, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the President of the Commission, or the Acting 
Chairman of the Executive Committee, shall have the power to especially 
assign an alternate Commissioner to the services of any of the standing 
committees when his principal on that committee shall signify his inability 
to be present at any meeting, or to perform continuous services on such 
committee. 

After protracted debate the motion was made by Mr. Waller to recon- 
sider the vote by which the report of the Committee on Judiciary, Rules, 
and By-Laws yesterday was adopted, and to commit the resolution of 
Mr. Thacher to that Committee. 

Mr. Thacher asked leave to present the following substitute, and 
moved its adoption: 

Resolved, That Mr. James H. Breslin, alternate Commissioner for Mr. 
C. M. Depew, from New York, shall be specially assigned for duty and 
service upon standmg committees in absence of Mr. Depew. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 101 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, offered the following amendment: second sea- 

' ' ° slon— 

Provided, That this privilege shall only be exercised by such alter- DaJ"^^^ 
nate at meetings of committees during the sessions of this Commission, 
and in the absence of Mr. C. M. Depew. 

The amendment was accepted by Mr. Thacher, and Mr. Waller 
moved that the whole subject be tabled. A division was called for, and 
the matter was tabled: Ayes, 55; noes, 29. 
[Vice-President Waller in the Chair.] 

Mr. Mercer, alternate from Wyoming, offered the following resolu- ^'^0°).""°°^ 

1 1 .. J i.- the ques- 

tion and moved its adoption: tion of a 

site. 

Whereas, The act of Congress creating the World's Columbian 
Commission and in other ways providing for the holding of the World's 
Columbian Exposition in the city of Chicago during the year 1893 pro- 
vides for the tender of an adequate site by the Chicago Board of 
Directors; and, 

Whereas, The resolution adopted by this body at its first session 
impliedly adopts two sites; therefore, 

Resolved, That the former action taken in this matter be, and the 
same is hereby reconsidered, and the Chicago Board of Directors called 
upon for the tender of a site adequate and in one compact body. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, moved that consideration of the 
resolution be postponed until Saturday, after the report of the Committee 
on Titles and Local Facilities. After protracted debate the motion to 
postpone was withdrawn by Mr. St. Clair and renewed by Mr. Smalley 
of Vermont. 

Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, offered the following amendment: 

Strike out all after the word "reconsidered," and insert: ''And that 
the Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition be requested to 
report to this Commission, on the 19th instant, whether they have secured 
the concurrence of the authorities having jurisdiction thereof to the 
proposed use of the Lake Front and Jackson Park, and also to report 
to what extent and for what purposes they propose to make use of the 
Lake Front as a site for a portion of the Exposition, and what they 
estimate will be the cost of preparing the Lake Front and Jackson Park 
as sites for the Exposition; and that a copy of this resolution be at once 
furnished to the President of the Illinois corporation." 

Mr. Massey asked that when the main question came to be put, the 
vote be by ayes and noes, and the call was sustained. 

Mr. Smalley called for the ayes and noes on his motion to postpone, Debate 
and the call was sustained. The motion was adopted. 

8 



;[02 World's Columbian Commission. 

second_ses- Ayes.-M. L. McDonald, W. Lindsay, A. G. Bullock, R. C. Kerens, 

P^-!'^ G. W. Allen, H. Exall, F. G. Bromberg, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff, 
T. M. Waller, G. V. Massey, J. Hirst, C. H. Way, A. T. Ewing, T. E. 
Garvin, E. B. Martindale, J. Hayes, alternate, R. R. Price, J. Bennett, 
J. -A. McKenzie, P. J. McMahon, alternate, A. R. Bixby, C. S. Edwards, 
alternate, L. Lowndes, G. M. Upshur, alternate, F. W. Breed, M. H. Lane, 
C. H. Richmond, M. B. Harrison, J. M. Bynum, R. L. Saunders, L. H. 
Hershfield, A. H. Mitchell, E. Martin, A. G. Scott, G. Russell, W. J. 
Sewell, T. Smith, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, alternate, A. B. Andrews, 
T. B. Keogh, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan, W. Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate, 
W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims, J. R. Cochran, 
E. L. Roche, alternate, M. H. Day, L. S. Bullard, alternate, R. Strong, 
alternate, A. B. Hurt, alternate, A. M. Cochran, H. H. Mclntyre, B. B. 
Smalley,'v. D. Groner, J. T. Harris, J. W. St. Clair, P. Allen, Jr., H. G. 
Hay, G. F. Coats, T. C. Gutierres, P. H. Lannan, W. M. Ferry, alternate, 
A. A. Wilson, E. K. Johnson, alternate— 70. 

Noes.— J. D. Adams, L. Gregg, W. H. Porter, R. Turnbull, L. 
McLaws; G. A. Manning, W. L Buchanan, C. K. Holliday, Jr., J. W. 
Haynes, U. Wilkins, J. L. Morrow, alternate, W. Bingham, alternate. 
A. S. Mercer, alternate, R. M. White, O. Beeson, J. D. Miles— 16. 

It was ordered that the Committee on Titles and Local Facilities 
have leave to sit during the daily meetings of the Commission. 

Mr. Lindsay then offered the following resolution, which was unani- 
mously adopted: 

Resolved, That the Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition 
be requested to report on Friday morning next, to this Commission's 
Committee on Titles, to what extent the consent of the authorities having 
jurisdiction thereof to the use of Lake Front and Jackson Park as sites 
for the Exposition has been obtained; also for what purpose and to 
what extent they propose to use the Lake Front, and what sum they 
estimate it will cost to prepare the Lake Front, and also what sum it will 
cost to prepare Jackson Park for the uses of the Exposition, and 
whether they, propose to meet the cost of such preparation out of the 
ten millions of dollars guaranteed to insure the success of the Exposition; 
and that the Secretary of this Commission be instructed to deliver at 
once a copy of this resolution to the President of the said World's Colum- 
bian Exposition; also. 

Resolved, That the Committee on Sites be instructed to embrace 
in their report all the matters treated of by this resolution. 
The Commission then adjourned. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 103 



Second Session— Fifth Day, Friday, Sept. 19, 1890. 

The Commission met at 10 a. m., President Palmer in the Chair. ^^p^ioni^^"' 

Fifth Day. 

Roll Call. 

Commissioners- at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; Kentucky, ^oii can. 
W. Lindsay; Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; 
Missouri, R. C. Kerens; New York, G. W. Allen; Pennsylvania, P. A. B. 
Widener; Texas, H. Exall. 

Commissioners of States. — Alabama, F. G. Bromberg; Arkansas, 
J. D. Adams, L. Gregg; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff; Con- 
necticut, T. M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; Florida, 
J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; Idaho, G. A. 
Manning; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Garvin, 
E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. I. Buchanan, J. Hayes, alternate; Kansas, 
C. K. Holliday, Jr., R. R. Price; Kentucky, J. Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; 
Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, A. R. Bixby, 
C. S. Edwards, alternate; Maryland, L. Lowndes, G. M. Upshur, alter- 
nate; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Rich- 
mond; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. 
Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Montana, L. H. Hershfield, A. H. Mitchell; 
Nebraska, Euclid Martin, A. G. Scott; Nevada, J. W. Haines, G. Russell; 
New Hampshire, F. E. Kaley, alternate; New Jersey, W. J. Sewell, T. 
Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, alternate; North Caro- 
lina, A. B. Andrews, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; 
Ohio, W. Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate; Oregon, M. Wilkins, J. L. Mor- 
row, alternate; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; Rhode 
Island, Lu B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, 
alternate; South Dakota, M. H. Day, L. S. Bullard, alternate; Tennessee, 
R. Strong, A. B. Hurt, alternates; Texas, A. M. Cochran, J. T. Dickin- 
son; Vermont, H. H. Mclntyre; Virginia, V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris; 
Washington, W. Bingham, C. B. Bagley, alternates; West Vk-ginia, J. D. 
Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr.; Wyoming, H. G. Hay, 
A. S. Mercer, alternate; Arizona, G. F. Coats; New Mexico, T. C. 
Gutierres, R. M. White; Oklahoma, O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, P. H. 
Lannan, W. M. Ferry, alternate; District of Columbia, A. A. Wilson, 
E. K. Johnson, alternate. 



104 Worl(Ts Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- It was voted that the readinc: of the minutes be dispensed with. 

FifthDay. ^j^^ that they be adopted as printed. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted: 
Alternate's Rcsolved, That in all cases where a Commissioner who is a member of 

Service on ' 

teeT""*' a Committee be absent, his alternate be authorized to represent him on 
such Committee. 

President Palmer, as Chairman of the Executive Committee, pre- 
sented the following report from that Committee: 

September 19, 1890. 
^t^eExecu- ^'^^^ World's Columbian Commission: 
mitteeon Bv direction of the Executive Committee, I have the honor to report 

theElec- -^ . . , ' . ^. 

S?°fi?tnr. ^^^^ ^^ ^ meeting held this morning the accompanying communication 
from the President and Secretary of the World's Columbian Exposition 
Association, of Chicago, was received and considered, and the Executive 
Committee decided to recommend to this Commission the election of Col. 
George R. Davis as Director-General. 

Respectfully submitted, 

T. W. Palmer, 
ChairmAn of Executive Committee. 



Director 
General. 



Chicago, September 18, 1890. 



reSy '' Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, Chairman Executive Committee, World's Colum- 

recom- 

5?«nd bian Commission: 



Col. Geo. 
R. Davis. 



Dear Sir: Acting under the courteous invitation extended by your 
Committee to this Board to express its preference in favor of one of the 
several candidates whose names are before you for appointment as 
Director-General of your Commission, the subject-matter of your invita- 
tion was submitted to our Board of Directors at a meeting held this 
evening. 

After some discussion a vote was taken, resulting in a majority of the 
Board in favor of Col. George R. Davis. 

This may therefore be received as an expression of the preference of 
this Board upon the question. 

Thanking you and your Committee for their courtesy in this matter, 
I am, very respectfully yours, 

Lyman J. Gage, 
President of the Worlds Columbian Exposition. 
Benj. Butterworth, 

Secretary. 

The report was laid upon the table to await the regular order. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 105 

Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, presented the following report from asecond^ses- 
minority of the Executive Committee: nfthDay. 

The undersigned members of the Executive Committee respectfully Minority 
dissent from the report, and present for the position of Director-General 
the name of General Daniel H. Hastings, of Pennsylvania. We believe 
that he possesses every qualification for this responsible position, and 
most earnestly urge that his selection will meet the best thought of the 
land, that the Columbian Exposition is in no sense local and in every 
sense National. 

W. J. Sewell, 

E. Kurtz Johnson, 
A. T. EwiNG, 

L. H. Hershfield, 

F. W. Breed. 

The report was laid upon the table to await the regular order. 
The President announced the following: standinsf Committees of theAppoint- 

^ ment of 

World's Columbian Commission: iSl c om*? 

mittees. 

Executive Committee. 
President T. W. Palmer, Chairman. 
M. L. McDonald, Commissioner-at-Large. 
R. C. Kerens, Commissioner-at-Large. 
Henry Exall, Commissioner-at-Large. 
P. A. B. Widener, Commissioner-at-Large. 
John T. Harris, Virginia. 
William J. Sewell, New Jersey. 
B. B. Smalley, Vermont. 
E. B. Martindale, Indiana. 
John Boyd Thacher, New York. 
Francis W. Breed, Massachusetts 
Euclid Martin, Nebraska. 
Reese R. Price, Kansas. 
M. B. Harrison, Minnesota. 
James D. Butt, West Virginia. 
Adlai T. Ewing, Illinois. 
William F. King, Iowa. 
H. P. Piatt, Ohio. 
L. McLaws, Georgia. 
T. L. Williams, Tennessee. 
Joseph Hirst, Florida. 
R. L. Saunders, Mississippi. 



106 World'' s Columbian Commission, 

Second ses- L. H. Hcrshfield, Montana. 

Blon— ' 

FifthDay. j^ ^ Gooclcll, Colorado. 

A. T. Britton, District of Columbia. • 
James A. McKenzie, Kentucky. 

Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws. 

William Lindsay, Commissioner-at-Large, Chairman. 

G. V. Massey, Delaware. 

J. W. St. Clair, West Virginia. 

William J. Sewell, New Jersey. 

B. B. Smalley, Vermont. 
L. Gregg, Arkansas. 

O. R. Hundley, Alabama. 
P. Allen, Jr., Wisconsin. 

Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. 

V. D. Groner, Virginia, Chairman. 
W. Aiken, New Hampshire. 

C. M. Depew, New York. 

W. McClelland, Pennsylvania. 

M. H. Lane, Michigan. 

J. D. Adams, Arkansas. 

L. Brainard, Connecticut. • 

A. B. Andrews, North Carolina. 

L. Lowndes, Maryland. 

O. R. Hundley, Alabama. 

J. W. Haines, Nevada. 

G. C. Sims, Rhode Island. 

H. H. Mclntyre, Vermont. 

T. C. Gutierres, New Mexico. 

H. P. Rucker, North Dakota. 

E. Martin, Nebraska. 

Committee on Foreign Affairs. 

C. M. Depew, New York, Chairman. 
Thomas M. Waller, Connecticut. 
G. V. Massey, Delaware. 
A. A. Wilson, District of Columbia. 
R. C. Kerens, Commissioner-at-Large. 



Minutes of the Second Session, 107 

C. H. Way, Georgia. second ses- 
M. H. Lane, Michigan. Fifth Day. 

D. B. Penn, Louisiana. 

Committee on Fine Arts. 

A. G. Bullock, Commissioner-at-Large, Chairman. 

C. M. Depew, New York. 

A. A. Wilson, District of Columbia. 

O. V. Tousley, Minnesota. 

W. I. Buchanan, Iowa. 

M. H. de Young, California. 

James Hodges, Maryland. 

T. J. Woodward, Louisiana. 

Committee on Science, History, Literature, and Education. , 

O. V. Tousley, Minnesota, Chairman. 
A. C. Beckwith, Wyoming. 
F. G. Bromberg, Alabama. 

C. H. Jones, Missouri. 

T. J. Woodward, Louisiana. 

A. G. Bullock, Commissioner-at-Large. 

W. F. King, Iowa. 

J. A. McKenzie, Kentucky. 

Committee on Agriculture. 

W. I. Buchanan, Iowa, Chairman. 

L. T. Baxter, Tennessee 

R. Turnbull, Florida. 

A. M. Cochran, Texas. 

J. L. Mitchell, Wisconsin. 

J. W. Haines, Nevada. 

D. B. Penn, Louisiana. 

J. M. Bynum, Mississippi. 
A. P. Butler, South Carolina. 
A. G. Scott, Nebraska. 
O. Beeson, Oklahoma. 
H. H. Mclntyre, Vermont. 
J. D. Adams, Arkansas. 
M. Wilkins, Oregon. 



108 World's Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- William Forsyth, California. 

8lon- ^ ' 

Fifth Day. ^ ^ Y gj^ifj^ Colorado. 

Committee on Live Stock. 

J. L. Mitchell, Wisconsin, Chairman. 

John Bennett, Kentucky. 

T. E. Proctor, Massachusetts. 

G. A. Manning, Idaho. 

G. Russell, Nevada. 

E. B. Martindale, Indiana. 
H. Drum, Washington. 

J. D. Miles, Oklahoma. 

T. C. Gutierres, New Mexico. 

H. P. Rucker, North Dakota. 

H. Exall, Commissioner-at-Large. 

L. T. Baxter, Tennessee. 

A. H. Mitchell, Montana. 

W. Mclntyre, South Dakota. 

A. T. Ewing, Illinois. 

H. G. Hay, Wyoming. 

Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture. 

W. Forsyth, California, Chairman. 

G. A. Manning, Idaho. 

W. H. Porter, Delaware. 

C. D. McDuffie, New Hampshire. 

T. E. Garvin, Indiana. 

F. J. V. Skiff, Colorado. 

W. Zeckendorf, Arizona. 

A. R. Bixby, Maine. 

R. TurnbuU, Florida. 

J. W. Woodside, Pennsylvania. 

C. H. Richmond, Michigan. 

J. R. Cochran, South Carolina. 

J. Hodges, Maryland. 

C. H. Deere, Illinois. 

F. J. Kiesel, Utah. 

P. Allen, Jr., Wisconsin. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 109 

Committee on Finance. secondsoa- 

slon— 
Fifth Day. 

Charles H. Jones, Missouri, Chairman. 

L. H. Hershfield, Montana. 

James Hodges, Maryland. 

H. H. Mclntyre, Vermont. 

A. B. Andrews, North Carolina. 

A. R. Bixby, Maine. 

J. T. Harris, Virginia. 

P. H. Lannan, Utah. 

Committee on Auditing. 

T. E. Garvin, Indiana, Chairman. 
P. Allen, Jr., Wisconsin. 
C. K. Holliday, Jr., Kansas. 
J. D. Butt, West Virginia. 

Committee on Ceremonies. 

J. D. Adams, Arkansas, Chairman. 

P. A. B. Widener, Commissioner-at-Large. 

William Lindsay, Commissioner-at-Large. 

V. D. Groner, Virginia. 

C. H. Richmond, Michigan. ' 

G. W. Allen, Commissioner-at-Large. 

M. B. Harrison, Minnesota. 

R. C. Kerens, Commissioner-at-Large. 

Committee on Classification. 

C. H. Deere, Illinois, Chairman. 

W. McClelland, Pennsylvania. 

L. B. Goff, Rhode Island. 

M. Ryan, North Dakota. 

M. H. de Young, California. 

T. L. Williams, Tennessee. 

A. M. Cochran, Texas. 

T. Smith, New Jersey. 

T. B. Keogh, North Carolina. 

C. H. Way, Georgia. 

J. D. Miles, Oklahoma. 

H. P. Piatt, Ohio. 



110 World'' s Columbian Commission, 

Second ses- G. F. Coats, Arizona. 

Blon— 

Fifth Day. ^ q Beckwith, Wyoming. 

J. Hirst, Florida. 
T. E. Garvin, Indiana. 

Committee on Manufactures. 

L. Brainard, Connecticut, Chairman. 

T. E. Proctor, Massachusetts. 

T. B. Bullene, Missouri. 

W. McClelland, Pennsylvania. 

R. M. White, New Mexico. 

W. H. Porter, Delaware. 

C. H. Deere, Illinois. 

T. Smith, New Jersey 

W. Ritchie, Ohio. 

G. C. Sims, Rhode Island. 

L. McLaws, Georgia. 

W. Aiken, New Hampshire. 

J. M. Bynum, Mississippi. 

F. J. Kiesel, Utah. 

William Mclntyre, South Dakota. 

W. Zeckendprf, Arizona. 

Committee on Commerce. 

L. Lowndes, Maryland, Chairman. 

J. B. Thacher, New York. 

J. M. Bynum, Mississippi. 

T. M. Waller, Connecticut. 

L. B. Goff, Rhode Island. 

T. E. Proctor, Massachusetts. 

M. Wilkins, Oregon. 

R. Turnbull, Florida. 

George V. Massey, Delaware. 

H. Exall, Commissioner-at-Large. 

J. R. Cochran, South Carolina. 

H. P. Piatt, Ohio. 

T. J. Woodward, Louisiana. 

H. Drum, Washington. 

C. D. McDuffie, New Hampshire. 

C. H. Way, Georgia. 



Minutes of the Second Session. Ill 

Committee on Mines and Mining. second ses- 

sion- 
Fifth Day. 

F. J. V. Skiff, Colorado, Chairman. 
M. H. Day, South Dakota. 

L. T. Baxter, Tennessee. 
J. W. St. Clair, West Virginia. 
J. W. Woodside, Pennsylvania. 
A. H. Mitchell, Montana. 
L. Lowndes, Maryland. 

G. Russell, Nevada. 

F. G. Bromberg, Alabama. 
J. E. Stearns, Idaho. 

G. F. Coats, Arizona. 

C. H. Richmond, Michigan. 

P. H, Lannan, Utah. 

H. Drum, Washington. 

R. M. White, New Mexico. 

M. L. McDonald, Commissioner-at-Large. 

Committee on Fisheries and Fish Culture. 

A. R. Bixby, Maine, Chairman. 
A. P. Butler, South Carolina. 
W. J. Sewell, New Jersey. 
R. E. Goodell, Colorado. 
C. B. Hopkins, Washington. 
R. L. Saunders, Mississippi. 
M. H. Lane, Michigan. 
H. Klippel, Oregon. 

Committee on Electricity and Electrical Appliances. 

G. C. Sims, Rhode Island, Chairman. 

C. B. Hopkins, Washington. 

M. Ryan, North Dakota. 

G. W. Allen, Commissioner-at-Large. 

W. G. Davis, Maine. 

F. W. Breed, Massachusetts. 

O. R. Hundley, Alabama. 

R, R. Price, Kansas. 



112 Woi^kVs Columbian Commission. 

Second Ses- COMMITTEE ON FORESTRY AND LUMBER. 

slon— 
Fifth Day. 

J. W. St. Clair, West Virginia, Chairman. 

R. M. White, New Mexico. 

W. G. Davis, Maine. 

A. G. Scott, Nebraska. 

H. Klippel, Oregon. 

L. Gregg, Arkansas. 

R. L. Saunders, Mississippi. 

H. G. Hay, Wyoming. 

Committee on Machinery. 

William Ritchie, Ohio, Chairman. 

W. H. Porter, Delaware. 

John Bennett, Kentucky. 

W. Forsyth, California. 

L. B. Goff, Rhode Island. 

M. H. Day, South Dakota. 

T. B. Bullene, Missouri. 

O. Beeson, Oklahoma. 

Committee on World's Congresses. 

J. W. Woodside, Pennsylvania, Chairman. 
C. H. Jones, Missouri. 
John Bennett, Kentucky. 

A. A. Wilson, District of Columbia. 
F. G. Bromberg, Alabama. 

J. B. Thacher, New York. 
O. V. Tousley, Minnesota. 

B. B. Smalley, Vermont. 

Committee on Printing. 

C. K. Holliday, Jr., Kansas, Chairman. 
. T. B. Keogh, North Carolina. 

J. T. Harris, Virginia. 
P. H. Lannan, Utah. 
J. E. Stearns, Idaho. 
T. B. Bullene, Missouri. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 113 

The report of the Executive Committee upon nomination for second ses- 

^ * Blon— 

Director-General was again taken up and Mr. Ewing, of Illinois, arose to ^""^^^"y- 
a question of privilege, and stated that his dissent from the report of the 
majority of the Executive Committee was intended by him to go only so 
far as to withhold his endorsement of the choice of the Executive Com- 
mittee, and not so far as to endorse General Hastings or any other 
candidate for the position of Director-General. 

Mr. Hershfield, of Montana, arose to a question of privilege and 
stated that his position in regard to the report of the minority of the 
Executive Committee was precisely the same as that of Mr. Ewing. It 
was ordered that a record be made of the statements of the Commis- 
sioners. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, offered the following resolution, which 
was adopted: 

Resolved, That the various standing committees of this Commission ^sfaS,1ng°* 
be and are hereby authorized to establish their headquarters and hold feS^^*' 
their meetings wherever they may find it for the convenience of the public 
and themselves. 

The President announced that he had received the following com- 
munication from the World's Columbian Exposition, which he directed 

the Clerk to read: 

Chicago, September 19, 1890. ^^?^<^^^ °* 
Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: ^jj^'f^y^^^r^. 
Dear Sir: I have the honor herewith to transmit, for the informa- andf flnan^ 
tion of the Commission, a copy of a resolution adopted by the Board of 
Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, September 18, 1890. 

Very respectfully, 

Benj. Butterworth, 

Secretary. 

Secretaky's Office of the 
World's Columbian Exposition. 

Chicago, September 19, 1890. 
I hereby certify that at a meeting of the Board of Directors of the World's 
Columbian Exposition, held on the evening of the 18th of September, A. D. 1890, 
the resolution hereto attached was adopted by a unan mous vote of said Board. 

Witness my hand and the seal of this corporation, this nineteenth (19th) day 
of September, 1890. 

[seal] Benj. Butterworth, 

Secretary. 
RESOLUTION OF THE DIRECTORS. 

Chicago, September 18, 1890. 
Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: 

Dear Sir: In answer to the resolution adopted by the Commission September 
18th, calling upon this Board to submit to the Commission's Committee on Titles, 



ces. 



114 World^s Columbian Commission, 

Second sc8 information relating to Jackson Park and the Lake Front; also for the declaration 
Fifth~Day. froni this Board as to the purposes and the extent to which it is proposed by us to 
u^e the Lake Front, and what sum we estimate it will cost lo prepare ihe Lake 
Front, and what sum it will cost to prepare Jackson Park for the uses of the Expo- 
sition, and whether we prop( sc to meet the cost of such preparation out of the ten 
millions of dollars pledged by this corporation for the purposes of the Fair, the fol- 
lowing is respectfully submitted by this Directory: 

Resolved, 1. That our counsel, Mr. John P Wilson, be, and is hereby directed, 
to wait upon the Committee on Titles with wl)atever documents he may have 
relating to title, whatever evidences of title he may liavc, and such statements and 
explanations concerning generally the subject matter of title, as may be desired by 
said Committee, both as to Jackson Park and the Lake Front, and that Director 
Charles L. Hutchinson be appointed a committee of one to accompany Mr. Wilson 
on this business. 

2. As to tlie purposes and extent to which we propose to use the Lake Front, 
we respectfully submit herewith a communication addressed to the Honorable 
Speaker of the House of Representatives of the State of Illinois, adopted by this 
Board at a meeting held July 26lh, directly bearing upon this subject. 

3. In answer to the inquiry as to the cost of preparing the Lake Front and 
Jackson Park for the uses of the Exposition, we respectfully submit herewith, as 
the best estimates we can furnish at the present time, a copy of the report made by 
the Committee on Grounds and Buildings, under date of September 16th, which 
report Las been submitted to, and is approved by, this Board, 

4 We desire to say that it i^ not the intention of the Directory to encroach 
upon Ihe ten million dollar fund for filling Jackson Park, and filling and piling 
the Lake Front, it being the intention of this Board to use the ten million dollars 
pledged for the creation of the Exposition proper. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Lyman J. Gage, 

President. 



RESOLUTION OF THE GROUNDS AND BUILDINGS COMMITTEE 

Chicago, September 16, 1890. 

To the President and Directors World's Columbian Exposition ; 

The following resolution was adopted by the Committee on Grounds and Build- 
ings at their meeting of even date herewith ; 

Resolved^ That the representative of this Committee, at the meeting of the 
Executive Committee on the 17th inst., be instructed to submit the following 
figures as the approximate cost of the works with which this Committee will be 
charged : 

1. Lake Front, 

Piling, and filling, and preparation of, say fifty to sixty acres east of 
railroad, and also of present park, ready for use by the public; 
buildings not included | 1,500,000 

2. Jackson Park. 

Preparation of grounds, sewerage, water supply, ornamentation, etc., etc.. 1,750,000 

3. Buildings, 

Minimum of 100 acres under roof 10,000,000 



Minutes of the Second Session. 115 

The Committee desire that its representative shall explain to the Executive second sea- 
Committee that the foregoing figures are an approximate estimate only, and that F?fthDay 
ample time will be necessary to prepare reliable figures. 

Respectfully submitted, 

E. T. Jeffery, 
Chaii'man, pro tem., Committee on Grounds and Buildings. 



THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 

To the Honorable Speaker of the House of Representatives of the State of Illinois: 
The Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, desiring to 

respond in a frank and proper spirit to the resolution adopted by your honorable 

body, submit in answer thereto the following: 

They have not at hand, nor is it attainable at once, the knowledge and experience 

needful m the classification and management, to determine in advance the details 
involved in exhibiting the "arts, industries, manufactures, and products of the soil, 

mine, and sea," which will be represented by 40,000 or 50,000 exhibitors. 

Tiiat the work is colossal in character all will admit; that as it develops it must 

be comprehended, mastered, and wisely managed is beyond question. 

For the fuller information of the Legislature it is deemed appropriate to submit 
a brief statement of the situation. This would seem to be proper in order to set 
forth clearly the relation the State ot Illinois, the City of Chicago, and this Board 
of Directors sustain to the "World's Columbian Exposition." 

By the Act of Congress approved April 29, 1890, provision was made for fitly 
commemorating the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by an Exposition 
"of the resources of the United States, their development, and the progress of the 
civilization of the world.'' The act declares that "such Exhibition should be of 
National and International character," 

Provision was made in the act for the appointment by the President of Commis- 
sioners from the several States and Territories, upon the nomination of the Govern- 
*ors thereof, and, in addition, eight Commissioners-at-Laige, said appointees to con- 
stitute the "World's Columbian Commission." 

That Commission has been duly appointed, and is by the Act of Congress clothed 
with certain powers and charged with certain duties with reference to the inaugura- 
tion and conduct of the Exposition. 

The question of locating the Exposition devolved upon Congress. It was an 
honor for which several States and the Nation's Capital contested. Illinois petitioned 
to have the Exhibition located in Chicago, Certain conditions were to be com- 
plied with and obligations assumed, in order to secure the favorable consideration of 
Congress. As a condition precedent to having the Fair located in Chicago, the 
city and her citizens had to provide a fund of ten millions of dollars in aid of the 
enterprise and produce satisfactory evidence that sites eligible and suitable were 
obtainable for the use of the Fair. Needed assurances had also to be given that the 
State of Illinois, and Chicago as the local site, would carry out and into effect the 
letter and spirit of the Act of Congress. The faith of the State, and of Chicago as 
the local site, was, by their accredited representatives, pledged before the world to 
this, and thereupon Congress conferred upon our State the exceptional honor of 
locating the World's Columbian Exposition within its borders and in its chief city, 
thus committing to the citizens of Illinois the duty and obligation of providing for and 
conducting the enterprise in a manner suitable to the occasion and worthy of the 
Nation, 



116 Woi^krs Columbian Commission. 

Second Sea- The citizens of Chicago promptly provided by subscription for $5,000,000. They 

Fifth"Day. also, by every act that can bind the conscience and c(;uduct of a people, pledged the 
city to raise $5,000,000 more, making the $10,000,000 required. This was done, and 
had to be doue, before Congress would take final action in locating the Exposition. 

In order to carry out and into effect the Act of Congress, the Columbian Expo- 
sition was incorporated, with a Board of Directors numbering forty-five. The mem- 
bers of that Board represent subscriptions in aid of the Exposition to an amount 
above $5,000,000. Legislation by the State and by the City of Chicago was indis- 
pensable, in order to comply with the terms upon which the Exposition was located 
in Illinois. The essential legislation is embodied in the pending joint resolution and 
bill. 

In the matter of selecting sites for the Exhibition, attention is called to the Act 
of Congress (Section 5) which provides that "the National Commission be empow- 
ered in its discretion to accept for the purposes of the ' World's Columbian Ex- 
position ' such site as may be selected and offered, and such plans and specifications 
of buildings to be erected for such purpose, at the expense of and tendered by the 
organization under the laws of Illinois, known as the World's Exposition." * * 

The action taken under said section is disclosed in the proceedings of the Direct- 
ors, which, with the subsequent action of the National Commission, is herewith 
submitted: 

Chicago, July 1, 1890. 
To the World's Columbian Commission: 

Gentlemen: At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition, held this day, the following resolution was unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That this Board hereby adopts — subject to the concur] ence of the 

authorities having jurisdiction thereof — the Lake Front and Jackson Park as the site 

for the location of the World's Columbian Exposition, it being the intention of the 

Board to make as large a use as may be possible of the room now existing or that 

may hereafter be gained on the Lake Front, and use Jackson Park so far as may be 

necessary to provide adequate room and buildings for the Exposition. 

Adopted July 1, 1890. 

Very respectfully, 

J. H. KiNGWILL, 

Approved: Acting Secretary. 

Lyman J. Gage, 

President. 

On motion of Mr. Price, of Kansas, the Commission then proceeded to the call 
of the roll by States, upon the order, viz. : The resolution of Mr. Martindale, of 
Indiana, as follows: 

Resolved, That the site proposed by the President and the Directors of the Chi- 
cago Columbian Exposition for the holding of the World's Columbian Exposition be, 
and the same is, formally accepted by this Commission, and that all questions about 
the title of said site and facilities of transportation, etc., etc., be referred to a com- 
mittee of ten, to be appointed by the President of the Commission, and said com- 
mittee shall be directed to report at the next meeting of the Commission. 

The roll was called, and the resolution was adopted by vote of 81 to 11. 

Said Act of Congress provides (Section 6): " That the said Commissioners shall 
allot space for exhibitors, prepare u classification of exhibits, determine the plan and 
scope of the Exposition." 

Touching the location of the exhibits inquired of by your honorable body, 
the Directory call attention to the citation above. 



Minutes of the Second Session 117 

It will be observed that ihe National Commission is clothed with certain super- Second Ses- 
visory power, and is also charged with certain specific duties by the section quoted. Fifth Day. 
Attention is called to this matter as bearing on the authority of the Local Board 
with reference to determining definitely and finally where exhibits shall be placed. 
The Directory is informed that an impression has been created, as they believe by 
I)ersons unfriendly to the Exposition, that in the disposition of the exhibits some 
injustice is contemplated or may be done the agricultural interests of the country 
by divorcing that display from the main exhibit. The allegation or suggestion is 
unfounded and unjust to the Directory. The fact is fully recognized tliat agri- 
culture is one of the chief sources of our Nation's prosperity and greatness, and is 
entitled to and must receive conspicuous prominence in the Exposition. It must 
not be forgotten that the Fair will be an entirety notwithstanding a dual site. 
I' will be obvious to all, on a moment's reflection, that the knowledge and experience 
acquired in the past in allotting space and apportioning exhibits would not at this 
early date qualify the Directors to state with even approximate accuracy and detail 
the precise location of buildings and exhibits, but the Board can, and does, indi- 
cate its plan and purpose to so provide that there shall be no just ground on the part 
of any interest for even captious criticisms. 

The Directory is in conference with the State Board of Agriculture, and has 
solicited their active aid and cooperation, and the plan of the Directory with 
reference to exhibits, so far as it is possible in advance to form one, has been 
presented to the Committee of that Board. It is inevitable that the statements 
presented must be general in terms. In common with their fellow-citizens, the 
members of this Board are deeply sensible of the importance of doing the fullest 
justice and aflfording ample opportunity to every industry and interest in the country; 
that in no other way can success be deserved or achieved. They feel, and each cf 
them feels, that in no small measure the dignity and honor of the Nation, in the 
matter of making the proposed Exposition fit and worthy, are committed to the 
State and citizens of Illinois, and the Directory have no ambition or wish but to 
so discharge their duties as to reflect honor on the State and city in redeeming their 
pledges to the Nation and the world. The subjoined resolution and statement 
thereto appended, adopted by a unanimous vote of the Board, is an expression of 
their desire and intention touching the exhibits: 

Resolved, That it is the intention and purpose of this Board, in so far as it may 
be able to do so, to locate the Agricultural and Stock exhibits of the World's Co- 
lumbian Exposition in ihe same inclosure with the Machinery, State, and such other 
exhibits as will render that portion of the Exposition at least equal in general 
interest and attractiveness to any other portion of the World's Fair, and^ to consist 
(with others) of such exhibits as the following : 

1st. The agricultural display in all its divisions and ramifications, including 
the varied products of the soil, live stock, and food products. 

2d. Agricultural implements and machinery of every character and description. 

3d. Machinery and power hall, with all its various groups and extensive rami- 
fications. 

4th. Forestry, including the varieties of wood and wood- working machinery 
not placed in the preceding item. 

5th. Railroad display. Railroad equipments, including all fixed plants and 
rolling-stock used in the construction and operation of a railroad. 

6th. Hydraulics and pneumatics, including all hydraulic and pneumatic machin- 
ery and motors and things pertaining to those arts. 



118 WorlcVs Columbian Commission. 

second ses- 7tli. Street railroads and tramways and electric and other motive-power for 

Fifth Day. operatmg the same. 

8th. An electric plant with power and appurtenances. 

9th. Mills and milling machinery and devices pertaining to the art. 

10th. Printing in all its branches and ramifications; power presses, type 
machines, automatic type-setting machines, etc., etc. 

11th. Weaving; power and hand looms and kindred devices and machines. 

12th. Glassware and glass-making, with the tools, implements, machinery, etc. 

13lh. Minerals and ores of all nations. 

14th. Pottery exhibits, with the machinery and appliances for manufacture. 

15th. Departments of telegraphy, telephony, phonographs, graphophones, etc. 

16th. Builders' hardware, tools, cutlery, etc. 

17th. Military and sporting arms, weapons, explosives, and enginery of war. 

18th. Machine tools— wood, metal, and stone. 

19th. Apparatus and implements used in sewing and making clothing, laces, 
and ornamental articles. 

20th. Machinery for the manufacture of silk, including the removal of the fibre 
from the cocoon, etc. 

21st. Architecture, engineering, and things appertaining thereto. 

22d. Cotton and woolen mills and fabrics thereof. 

23d. Marine display. 

We may add one of the cogent reasons for the use of the Lake Front. We have 
with us a permanent population of more than one million people. During the six 
months of the Fair, the' great proportion of our business men, clerks, industrial 
classes, railroad operatives, and other employes, will find their time more severely 
taxed (in the care and entertainment of our visitors) than at any other period. Their 
opportunities for visiting that part of the Exposition lying more remote from the 
center of the city will not be at all what we could desire. It is also impracticable to 
keep open in the evening buildings much removed from the center. The Lake 
Front can be thus utilized in the evening. It should be made attractive and educa- 
tional. To this point our own people and visiting strangers could and would come 
by the thousands, to crown by a delightful evening the labors of the day. 

Concerning the exhibits upon the Lake Front, the Board contemplate placing 
there the art building, which is designed to be a large structure, beautiful in archi- 
tectural design and finish. There will be exhibited in this building fine arts, oil- 
paintings, water-colors, engravings, statuary, etc. 

2(1. Decorative art building, suitable for an elaborate display of decorative art : 
jewelry display, such as diamonds, watches, gold and silver ornaments, clocks, 
bronzes, decorative embroideries, and high art goods of all kinds. 

3d» An electrical plant, with electrical devices, illuminated fountains, etc. 
4th. Turkish, Indian, and Egyptian villages, etc. 

5th. Government departmental exhibits, which would include exhibits from the 
State Department, Treasury Department, War Department, Navy Department, 
Interior Department, Post Office Department, Depiutmcnt of Justice, Smithsonian 
Institution and National Museum, and Fish and Fisheries Department, as stated 

above. 

These are indicative of the line of exhibits intended for the Lake Front, but of 
course they do not and could not, in the nature of things, include any considerable 
part of the catalogue. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 119 

It is impossible to convey to tlie mind an adequate idea of the vastness, variety, second Ses- 
number, and extent of the exhibits at each place. The fact that there will be not Fifth Day. 
less than 40,000 or 50,000 exhibitors (there were 50,000 at the Paris Exposition) will 
present a more just conception of what may be seen at the Exposition. The few arts 
mentioned in this reply will be further classified into divisions and subdivisions, 
as will he the hundreds of arts not enumerated herein. Tiie Directory could only 
hope, in replying to the resolution of inquiry, to make it clear that under the plan 
thay adopt no injustice can be done to any interest, and to challenge attention to the 
fact that their action in that behalf is, and will be, under the supervision of Ihe 
National Board. It would seem to be obvious that any departure from a broad 
policy, which shall do equal justice to all industries and intere-ts, would entail 
disaster upon the Exposition, and reflect discredit alike upon the Directory and the 
National Commission, and place the State of Illinois in a humiliating attitude before 
the world. Can higher or safer guarantees than these be given for the faithful dis- 
charge of the duties devolving upon all who are charged with the task of making 
the Exposition a success? We think not. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Lyman J. Gage, 

President. 
Thomas B. Bryan, 
Benj. Butterworth, Vice-President. 

Secretary. 



The President said that unless there were objections he would order Referred to 

a Select 

the communication referred to a select committee, consisting of three lee^°^'^' 
members of the Committee on Titles and Local Facilities, three mem- 
bers of the Judiciary Committee, and three members of the Committee 
on Classification, and it was so ordered. 

In accordance with the resolution of ]\lr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, Election of 

Directoi- 

making the election of the Director-General the special order after the ^*^'i""^i- 
morning hour, that subject was called up. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved that the first ballot for Director- 
General shall be an informal ballot, and after considerable discussion 
withdrew his motion; but the motion was renewed by Mr. White, of New 
Mexico, and after further debate was adopted. 

Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, nominated General D. H. Hastings, of ^'°/JJ,\°*- 
Pennsylvania, for Director-General, and Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, nom- 
inated Colonel George R. Davis, of Chicago. The two nominations were 
seconded by numerous Commissioners. 

The President appointed Mr. Bullock, of Massachusetts, and Mr. 
Cochran, of Texas, as tellers to receive the votes, and directed that the 



120 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- roll of the Commission be called, which was done. The Commissioners 

eion— 

Fifth Day. (jgposited their ballots, and the tellers reported the following result: 
Total number of votes cast, 92, of which 
Result of George R. Davis received . . . . . ro 

informal 

ballot. j)_ ^ Hastings '' 32 

J. A. McKenzie " . . . • . . 6 

A. E. Stevenson " ----- 3 

. R. R. Price " ..... i 

Total, 92 

Mr. McClelland, of Pennsylvania, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That, as the informal ballot showed a majority for Colonel 
George R.- Davis, the next ballot be regarded as formal and conclusive, 
and that the election be made unanimous by the President casting the 
ballot of the Commission in favor of Colonel Davis. 

The resolution was unanimously carried. 
The choice President Palmer then cast the vote of the Commission and announced 

made 

nunis. that Colonel George R. Davis was unaninlously elected to the office of 
Director-General of the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Committee ]vir. Hirst, of Florida, moved that a committee of six be appointed by 

to notify ' ' r r J 

tor-Gene^' the President to notify Colonel Davis of his election as Director-General, 

ral. 

and to bring him before the Commission. The motion was carried, and 
President Palmer appointed Messrs. Hirst, of Florida; McClelland, of 
Pennsylvania; Groner, of Virginia; St. Clair, of West Virginia; Sewell, 
of New Jersey, and McKenzie, of Kentucky, as members of that Com- 
mittee. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That this Commission shall adjourn sine die on Saturday, 
September 20th. 

After some debate, the resolution was put to a vote and lost. 

Col. Davis The Committee appointed to wait on Colonel Davis and notify him 

accepts 

ofDlK-c^ of his election as Director-General appeared at the bar of the Commission. 

erai. The Chairman, Mr. Hirst, escorted Colonel Davis, and presented him to 
the President of the Commission. The Director-General was invited to 
a seat beside the President, and after being introduced to the Commis- 
sion, made the following remarks: 



Minutes of the Second Session. 121 

Mr. President and Gentlemen of the National Commission : Dirertor- 

Genprals 

Your Committee has just notified me of the distinguished honor that you address. 
have conferred upon me this morning. The selection made from Illinois 
and Chicago is complimentary to the city and State, and for the Local 
Board of Directors, for my city, my State, and myself I sincerely thank 
you. The selection of the Director-General from untried men — men 
who have not had great experience — was a task for you to perform in 
which I most heartily sympathize with you. It is necessary in selecting 
a man for this position that you take much for granted, for exhibitions 
of an anniversary that comes only once in a hundred years leaves you but 
few men to select from who have had great experience. [Laughter.] 

In the discharge of the duties of this great office I will bring to it all 
the physical and mental forces that I command. The conduct of the 
office shall be of high grade, and it will be my duty to conform strictly and 
in every detail to the wish of this distinguished body. Politics have been 
referred to, and as I understand the position I desire to say one word in 
regard to that, and that is that I recognize that the constituency that 
elects me here to-day consists of one-half Republicans and one-half Dem- 
ocrats. It will be the duty of an honorable man to so conduct his office 
in his intercourse with all who come in connection with him — in the 
appointments that he has to make — to recognize that fact, and from the 
fact that it was a suggestion of my own, formulated by myself, and favored 
by myself when it was put in the act of Congress, recognized as " the 
spirit of the act of Congress," I will not, as your Director-General, in any 
way fail to observe it in every particular. [Applause.] 

The office will be conducted strictly upon business principles. I 
recognize that you require in all such officers as may be placed under my 
command the highest talent, the best ability, and the greatest capacity 
that we can command; that this is a National Exposition and an Inter- 
national Exposition and not a local Exposition; that we will draw our 
forces from the country, draw our forces from wheresoever they may 
come, provided they are equal to the emergency. 

The administration of my office will be an example, so far as it is 
possible for me to make it such, of the application of legal principles to 
business methods with military discipline. 

I thank you, gentlemen, for the compliment and am prepared to enter 
upon the duty. [Long and continued applause.] 

The President announced that he had received the following com- 
munication, which the Clerk was ordered to read: 

Chicago, September 19, 1890. 
To the World's Columbian Commission: 

Gentlemen: The Auditorium Association respectfully invites the 
members of your honorable body and their families to attend the per- 
formance to be presented this evening at the Auditorium. Tickets for 
twenty-eight boxes, seating 140 people, are herein enclosed, and will be 



122 World's Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- delivered to your Secretary. Hoping you may find it convenient to 
FiftbDay acccpt thls invitation, I am, 

Respectfully, 

Ferd. W. Peck, 
President Chicago Auditoiium Association. 

Mr, Johnson, alternate from the District of Columbia, moved that 
the invitation be accepted, with the thanks of the Commission, and it was 
so voted. 

Notice was given of the meeting of the Executive Committee in the 
Council Chamber immediately upon* the adjournment of the Commission. 

Notice was given of the meeting of the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs in the Council Chamber immediately upon the adjournment of 
the Commission. 

Notice was given of the meeting of the Committee on Ceremonies 
at the small parlor of the Auditorium Hotel at 4 p. m. 

Notice was given of the meeting of the Committee on Agriculture 
in the parlor of the Grand Pacific at 3 p. m. 

Notice was given of the meeting of the Committee on Machinery 
in room 502, Palmer House, at 4.30 p. m. 

Notice was given of the meeting of the Judiciary Committee at the 
Pullman Building at 4.30 p. m. 

The Commission then adjourned. 



Second Session — Sixth Day, Saturday, Sept. 20, 1890. 

Second Ses- The Commission met at 10 o^clock a. m. President Palmer in the 

sion — 

Sixth Day. , • 

chair. 

Roll Call. 

Kou-caii. Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; Kentucky, 

W, Lindsay; Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; 
Missouri, R. C. Kerens; New York, G. W. Allen; Pennsylvania, P. A. B. 
Widener; Texas, H. Exall. 

Commissioners of States. — Alabama, F. G. Bromberg; Arkansas, 
J. D. Adams, L. Gregg; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff; Connect- 
icut, T. M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. 
Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; Idaho, G. A. Man- 
ning; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B. 
Martindale; Iowa, W. I. Buchanan, J. Hayes, alternate; Kansas, C. K. 
Holliday, Jr., R. R. Price; Kentucky, J. Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisi- 



Minutes of the Second Session. 123 

ana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, A. R. Bixby, C. E. second ses- 
Edwards, alternate; Maryland, L.Lowndes, G. M. Upshur, alternate; ^''''^^^^' 
Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; 
Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, 
R. L. Saunders; Montana, L. H. Hershfield, A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, 
Euclid Martin, A. G. Scott; Nevada, J. W. Haines, G.Russell; New 
Hampshire, F. E. Kaley, alternate; New Jersey, W. J. Sewell, T. Smith; 
New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, alternate; North Carolina, T. B. 
Keogh, E. Carr, alternate; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, 
W. Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate; Oregon, M. Wilkins, J. L. Morrow, alter- 
nate; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; Rhode Island, L. 
B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, alter- 
nate; South Dakota, M. H. Day, L. S. Bullard, alternate; Tennessee, 
R. Strong, A. B. Hurt, alternates; Texas, A. M. Cochran, J. T. Dickin- 
son/ Vermont, H. H. Mclntyre; Virginia, V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris; 
Washington, W. Bingham, C. B. Bagley, alternates; West Virginia, J. D. 
Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr., J. L. Mitchell; Wyoming, 
H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate; Arizona, G. F. Coats; New Mexico, 
T. C. Gutierres, R. U. White; Oklahoma, O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, 
P. H. Lannan, W. M. Ferry, alternate; District of Columbia, A. A. Wilson, 
E. K Johnson, alternate. 

Mr. Bullock, of Massachusetts, moved that the minutes be approved 
nd the reading dispensed with, and it was so voted. 

The President ordered that hereafter a copy of the minutes should 
be delivered to each member of the Commission at or before 7 o'clock, 
in order that they may be read before the assembling of the Commission. 

The President announced the names of the Lady Managers an. 
alternates, so far as they had, up to this time, been determined upon. 

The President announced, and had read by the Clerk, the following 
communication from the World's Columbian Exposition of Chicago, 
which was ordered filed: 

Secretary's Office of the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Chicago, September 19, 1890. 
Hon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary World's Columbian Commission, 
Chicago: 

Dear Sir: Will you kindly convey to your Commission, at its nex: Chicago dl 

. . -ri-niir I'CCtors' 

meetinof, the followmcr resolution adopted at a meetmg or the Board ot vote of 

**' * '■ ^ thanks. 

Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, held this afternoon: 
Resolved^ That the thanks of this Board are hereby tendered to the 



124 World? s Columbian Qommission. 

Second Sea- World's Columbian Commission for the election to the highest office in 

slon— 

Sixth Day. j^g gj£^ q£ ^ member of this body. 

Respectfully yours, 

J. H. Ktngwill, 

Assistant Secretary. 

The Secretary made the following announcement: 
If the Commissioners to-day will hand to me, as soon as convenient, 
an itemized statement of the expenses they are entitled to up to date, I 
will have these memoranda copied on blank vouchers prepared for that 
purpose. The Commissioners can then take these vouchers home with 
them, fill out the balance of the items, have them notarially acknowledged, 
and return them to me to be sent to Washington for payment. 

The Secretary read the following communication from Potter Palmer, 
Esq., of Chicago: 

The members of the Commission are invited by Mr. Potter Palmer 
to dine with the Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition at the 
Palmer House, at 7.30 o'clock this evening. Invitations have been sent 
to the guests, but lest any of them may not have reached those to whom 
they are addressed, this invitation is extended to them. 

It was voted that the invitation of Mr. Palmer be accepted, with 
the thanks of -the Commission. 

Mr. Groner, as Chairman of the Committee on Titles and Local 
Facilities, presented the following repor:, and moved its adoption: 

REPORT of the Committee on Titles and Local Facilities. 

Chicago, September 20, 1890. 
Report of Your Committee on Titles and Local Facilities, appointed by a reso- 

the Com- c t i o 

Tuffan'dl^^^o^ of the Commissiou adopted on the second day of July, 1890, to 
ciuuis^'^ report on all questions relating to the title of the site accepted by the 
Commission, and facilities of transportation, etc., would state that they 
have given the matters involved in the questions assigned to them careful 
and continuous attention since the loth instant, being the day it was 
called to convene in Chicago, and beg leave to report as follows: • 

That so far as the title to Jackson Park and the Midway Plaisance 
(embracing G^^t^ acres) is concerned, they believe it is vested in the 
World's Columbian Exposition, by the Act of the General Assembly of 
the State of Illinois passed at its recent session, and by ordinance of the 
South Park Commissioners, and is such a title as confers the right to use 
these parks as a site for the World's Columbian Exposition during the 
period required. 

And, further, that while this Committee has not, in a full sense, 
such evidence of title on the part of the Chicago Directory in and to the 



Minutes of the Second Session. 12.") 

Lake Front part of the site, so called, as justifies an absolute approval second ses- 
of title, that, nevertheless, the Committee is so far assured that posses- ^^^^^^ ^^y- 
sion for"the purposes of the World's Columbian Exposition will be ample 
and undisturbed during the period required for holding such Exposition, 
that it becomes both the privilege and the duty of this Committee to so 
report to the Commission. 

We return herewith a plat of Jackson Park and Midway Plaisance, 
showing the number of acres contained therein, with a description of the 
improved and unimproved ground tendered by the World's Columbian 
Exposition of Chicago to your Commission, and marked " Exhibit A." 

Also an authenticated copy of the recent statute of the State of Illi- 
nois authorizing the South Park Commissioners to give the World's 
Columbian Exposition the right to use and occupy said lands, and marked 
"Exhibit B." 

Also a duly certified copy of the ordinance passed by the said Park 
Commissioners allowing the use of Jackson Park and Midway Plaisance 
for the purposes of the World's Columbian Exposition, and marked "Ex- 
hibit C." 

Also a certified copy of the acceptance of said ordinance by the 
World's Columbian Exposition, and marked " Exhibit C C." 

Also a plat of the part of the site known as the Lake Front Park, 
right of way of the Illinois Central Railroad, and the harbor between 
Monroe Street on the north and Park Row on the south, furnished your 
Committee by the World's Columbian Exposition, showing 31.9 acres of 
made ground, and from fifty to sixty acres in the harbor east of the 
right of way of the Illinois Central Railroad, purposed to be filled and 
utilized, marked " Exhibit D." 

Also a certified copy of a recent ordinance of the City of Chicago 
giving the right to the World's Columbian Exposition to use said Lake 
Park and Water Front for the purposes of the Exposition, under authority 
of the Act of the State Legislature, as shown in "Exhibit B," and marked 
"Exhibit E/' 

Also a copy of the decision rendered by Justice Harlan in the Circuit 
Court of the United States, in the case of the people of the State of 
Illinois, the City of Chicago, and the United States versus the Illinois 
Central Railroad Company, determining the ownership of the City of 
Chicago to the Lake Park, and marked "Exhibit F." 

In this relation your Committee further refers to the copy of the 
State law, marked " Exhibit B," providing legal proceedings to determine 
the damages, if any, to the abutting property-owners on Lake Park. 

Transportation Facilities. 

In regard to the transportation facilities between Lake Park and 
vicinity and Jackson Park, your Committee herewith return an estimate 
of the capacity of the Chicago City Railway, the Rapid Transit Elevated 
Railroad, the Illinois Central Railroad, and the steamer hues at 130,000 



126 Workrs Columbian Commission. 

second ses- per hour each way, at the estimated fare of five cents each way, excepting 
Sixth Day. ^j-jg steaiHcrs, upon which no estimate of cost was obtained. The Illinois 
Central Railroad makes the reservation in regard to a five-cent fare con- 
ditional in the event '' that this reduced rate can be lawfully made with- 
out disturbing the regular rates established for ordinary suburban serv- 
ice." Its President, however, expresses himself as favoring a five-cent 
rate, as may be noted by exhibits returned ^d marked " G," " H," and 
" I," respectively. 

There are other railroads and a number of streets and avenues lead- 
ing from the vicinity of Lake Park to Jackson Park, by which large num- 
bers could also be conveyed, and your Committee consider the transpor- 
tation facilities ample. 

Your Committee also returns herewith, marked "Exhibit J," a reply 
from Lyman J. Gage, President of the World's Columbian Exposition, to 
the resolution recently passeei by your Commission and a letter accom- 
panying the same from the Chairman of your ComnixLtee in relation to 
the area of ground east of the tracks of the Illinois Central Railroad, pur- 
posed to be used as part of the site, and also as to whether it is the inten- 
tion of the Directory to encroach upon the ten million dollar fund for the 
purpose of filling Jackson Park, and filling and piling the Lake Front. This 
reply states that the area purposed to be used east of the railroad tracks 
will be between fifty and sixty acres; that It is not contemplated to go 
beyond the present harbor line, and, further, that it is the intention of the 
Board to use the ten million dollars pledged for the erection of the Ex- 
position proper. 

Your Committee further returns herewith letters marked Exhibits 

numbered from one to eight, inclusive, being correspondence between your 

Committee and the officials of the Chicago -Directory, in relation to the 

questions under investigation. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

V. D. Groner, Chairman, 

Thos. E. Garvin, 

Wm. M. Ferry, 

x\dlai T. Ewing, 

A. B. Hurt, 

F. J. V. Skiff, 

Jas. D. Butt, 

Martin Ryan. 

On motion of Mr. Allen, Commissioner-at-Large, a recess of ten 
minutes was taken to enable the Commissioners to inspect the plans and 
drawings of the buildings which the Chicago Directory propose to locate 
upon the Lake Front. 

Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, as Chairman of the select Committee of 
nine appointed on Friday to consider the communication of the Chicago 



Minutes of the Second Session. 127 

World's Columbian Exposition Directory, and the accompanying docu- second^see- 
ments, reported that the answer of the Directory had been received and ^^-"^^ay- 
duly considered by the Committee, and that their responses to every 
inquiry made by the Committee were satisfactory. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, moved that the report of the Committee p^^^^'^^^^^j 
on Titles and Local Facilities be received and adopted, and the report 
itself made a part of the printed record, and the exhibits which it covers 
simply filed for future reference, and it was so voted. 

Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, offered the following resolution; 

Resolved, That, permission having been granted to Colonel H. C. Cor- Accepting 

' ' ^ o <^ ^.jjy serv- 

bin by the War Department to accept such service as might be assigned i^\«^f <.. 

by this Commission, in accordance with a resolution requesting the same, g";'s'/i'. 

the President is directed to utilize the services of Colonel Corbin by 

assigning him, when opportunity offers, to such duty as may be suited to 

his experience and ability. 

The resolution was adopted. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, offered the following resolution: 

Whereas, When this Commission was first convened with its repre- officers of 

tlic Stfttcs* 

sentatives from every State in the Union, we found here fully organized ^^^?,o«^«- 

^ \j Oil IIIVIL" 

and working in the interest of the great Exposition for which we came edj^^ 
to legislate, " The States' Association," composed of our former neigh- 
bors and friends, but now citizens of Chicago, who gave us a most hearty 
welcome, and the pleasure of a magnificent banquet. Therefore, as an 
expression of our appreciation of this courtesy, be it 

i?^^^/z;^^, That the officers of the "States' Association" are wel- 
come to seats on the floor of this Commission during this and future 
meetings. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the several standing committees of the Commission standing 

1 1 1-31 Comniit- 

be, and each thereof respectively is, hereby expressly authorized and ;^ee;^^pow- 
empowered to sit at such time or times, when the Commission is not in tiuties. 
session, as they may severally determine to be necessary and advisable 
for the proper performance of their respective duties. 

Resolved, further: All such expenditures of moneys as may be Expendi- 

...... . - , tures by. 

ordered by each of said Committees m the legitimate prosecution ot the 
duties and functions of each, are hereby expressly authorized, and shall 
be paid out of any appropriation which has been or which may hereafter 
be made by Congress in aid or on account of the World's Columbian 
Commission, or the Exposition with reference to which it was created. 
Provided^ however, that no payment shall be made in any case without 
the sanction and approval of the Executive Committee. 

Mr. Sewell suggested that Mr. Massey's resolution be referred to the Referred. 



128 World's Columhian Commission. 

second ses Committee on Judiciary. Mr. Massey accepted the suggestion, an' I it 

slon - 

Sixth Day. -^gg SO ordered. 

iMr. Hay, of Wyoming, offered the following resolution, which was 

adopted : 

Resolved^ That the Secretary of this Commission be instructed to 
have printed, in suitable form, the several resolutions passed by the Com- 
mission in reference to the appointment of a Board of Lady Managers, 
their powers, privileges, duties, etc., together with a list of said Board of 
Lady Managers, for distribution among said Board. 

Mr. Garvin, of Indiana, offered the following resolution, which was 
adopted: 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission be returned to the 
Chicago Decorating Company for their gratuitous decoration of the hall 
recently occupied by the Commission, and for the correct taste and skill 
exhibited in such decoration. 

Mr. Lindsay, Commissioner-at-Large from Kentucky, offered the fol- 
lowing resolution, which was adopted: 

Resolved, That the Secretary of this Commission be, and he is hereby 
instructed to furnish to the Secretary of the Treasury certified copies of 
the By-Laws numbers eleven (ii) and fifteen {15), with request that he 
approve the said By-Laws, and each of them. 

On behalf of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Mr. Massey, of Dela- 
ware, offered the following resolution, which was, by his consent, laid 
upon the table: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Affairs be increased so as 
to consist of ten Commissioners, 
considcia- Mr. Mcrccr, alternate from Wyoming, called up his resolution of 

tlon of the ' ./ o? i 

tiiuea."' Thursday as part of the unfinished business of the Commission, and pro- 
ceeded to address the Commission. At the conclusion of his remarks 
Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, offered the following resolution as a sub- 
stitute for the resolution of Mr. Mercer: 

Resolved, That in the opinion of this Commission one single site for 
the World's Columbian Exposition is especially desirable; it is also espe- 
cially desirable that a part of such site should border upon the lake; that 
in the opinion of this Commission the Directors of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition may procure and present to this Commission the most 
desirable site by adopting Washington Park, the Midway Plaisance, and 
that part of Jackson Park lying south of the north line of the Midway 
Plaisance, extended through to the lake, tc^gether with the Washington 
Park Club for live stock and speed exhibits; that, while we do not at this 
time reconsider our action accepting Jackson Park and the Lake Front, 



Minutes of the Second Session. 129 

we respectfully but earnestly request the Directors of the World's Colum- second^^_ 
bian Exposition to procure and present to this Commission the single s'-^thDay. 
site above outlined; that the special Committee yesterday appointed, to 
whom was referred the communication in reference to site from the Direct- 
ors, is hereby authorized and directed to confer with said Directors, and 
report to this Commission whether such single site above indicated can 
be procured and presented to this Commission for its acceptance. 

Mr. Way, of Georgia, offered the following substitute to the substitute: 

Whereas, The Illinois Directory of the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition has been unable to select and present to the National Commission 
an acceptable site for the Fair; and, 

Whereas, It is feared by many members of the National Commis- 
sion that it is practically impossible for the Local Board to agree upon a 
suitable site, owing to circumstances beyond their control; now, be it 

Resolved^ That the Illinois Directory be requested to submit to a 
committee of fifteen members of the National Commission, appointed by 
its President, any and all such sites as may have been tendered them, 
and any and all such sites as may be obtained by them, with all papers 
and documents referring to said sites, to the end that this National Com- 
mission may aid them in the solution of this problem so long delayed, and 
so injurious to the interests of the great undertaking. 

After protracted debate, Mr. Way withdrew his substitute temporarily. 

Mr. Exall, of Texas, offered the following resolution, which was 
seconded by Mr. Way: 

Resolved^ That this Commission does hereby ratify and confirm its 
action taken in July last in accepting the site then offered by the Local 
Board, and does further accept the addition thereto of the strip of land 
known as the Midway Plaisance, and does hereby confirm the location 
thus provided for the World's Fair, or Columbian Exposition. 

After further discussion, Mr. Exall offered the following proviso as 
an amendment to his resolution, and then temporarily withdrew the reso- 
lution as amended: 

Provided, That the Executive Committee, in conference with the 
Local Board, may accept in addition thereto such portions of Washington 
Park as they may be enabled to tender them; and this Commission hereby 
declares that it desires that said Washington Park be added to the tender 
already made, if practicable, to the end that the main Exhibition may be 
held in Jackson and Washington Parks. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, announced that he would renew the motion 
for the adoption of the resolution of Mr. Exall as amended. 



13U World's Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- Mr. Merccr accepted the resolution of Mr. Martindale as an amend- 

Sixth ay. j^gj^j. ^Q j^jg Q^^.j^ resolution. 

Mr. Johnson, of the District of Columbia, moved, as an amendment 
to the resolution of Mr. Martindale, that the select Committee be re- 
quested to report not later than 12 o'clock on Monday, which was 
adopted. 

At this pomt, by unanimous request of the Commission, Mr. Thomas 

B. Bryan, Vice-President of the World's Columbian Exposition, was in- 
vited to address the Commission. Upon the conclusion of Mr. Bryan's 
address, the question was put on the resolution of Mr. Martindale, Mr 
Day, of South Dakota, demanding the ayes and noes, the call for which 
was duly seconded. The roll was called, with the following result: 

^madT"'^^ Ayes.— Commissioners Mark L. McDonald, W. Lindsay, T. W. 

W^l""" Palmer, G. W. Allen, F. G. Bromberg, J. D. Adams, L. Gregg, R. E. 
Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter, J. Hirst, R. Turn- 
bull, L. McLaws, C. H. Deere, T. E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale, W. I. Bu- 
chanan, J. Hayes, alternate, C. K. Holliday, Jr., R. R. Price, D. B. Penn, 
P. J. McMahon, alternate, A. R. Bixby, C. S. Edwards, alternate, F. W. 
Breed, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond, M. B. Harrison, J. A[. Bynum, R. L. 
. Saunders, L. H. Hershfield, A. H. Mitchell, E. Martin, A. G. Scott, J. W. 
Haines, G. Russell, F. E. Kaley, alternate, T. Smith, J. B. Thacher, J. H. 
Breslin, alternate, T. B. Keogh, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan, W. Ritchie, L. 

C. Cron, alternate, M. Wilkins, J. L. Morrow, alternate, W. McClelland, 
J. W. Woodside, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims, J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, 
alternate, M. H. Day, L. S. Bullard, alternate, R. Strong, A. B. Hurt, 
alternates, J. T. Dickinson, H. H. Mclntyre, V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris, 
W. Bingham, C. B. Bagley, alternates, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair, P. Allen, 
Jr., J. L. Mitchell, H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate, G. F. Coats, T. C. 
Gutierres, R. ]\L White, O. Beeson, J. D. Miles, W. M. Ferry, alternate, 
A. A. Wilson, E. K. Johnson, alternate — 78. 

Noes.— A. G. Bullock, H. Exall, T. M. Waller, G. A. Manning, A. T. 
Ewing, J. Bennett, G. M. Upshur, alternate, A. M. Cochran — 8. 

So the resolution of Mr. Martindale was adopted. 

Mr. Cochran, of Texas, moved to add to the select Committee of 
nine, appointed on Friday, Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, and it was so voted. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, moved to add to the select Com- 
mittee of nine the Chairman of the Committee on Machinery, Mr. Ritchie, 
of Ohio, and it was so voted. 



Minutes of t7i.e Second Session. 1-^1 

Mr. Ryan, of North Dakota, moved to add to the select Committee second ses- 
of nine the Chairmen of the Committee on Agriculture and the Com- ^^^"' ^^^■• 
mittee on Live Stock, Messrs. Buchanan, of Iowa, and Mitchell, of Wis- 
consin, respectively, and it was so voted. 

Mr. St Clair, of West Virginia, moved to add to the select Committee 
of nine Mr. Exall, Commissioner-at-Large from Texas, and it was so voted. 

The Commission then adjourned until lo o'clock Monday morning. 



Second Session— Seventh Day, Monday, Sept. 22, 1890. 

The Commission met at 11.05 a. m. President Palmer in the chair. se^lseB 

Seventh 

Roll Call. 

Commissioners- at-Large.— California, M. L. McDonald; Kentucky, Kou-caii. 
W. Lindsay; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; New York, G. W. Allen; Texas, 
H. Exall. 

Commissioners of States.— Alabama, F. G. Bromberg; Arkansas, 
L. Gregg; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff; Delaware, G. V. Mas- 
sey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, 
C. H. Way; Idaho, G. A. Manning; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; 
Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. I. Buchanan, J. Hayes, 
alternate; Kansas, C. K. Holhday, Jr., R. R. Price; Kentucky, J. A. Mc- 
Kenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, A. 
R. Bixby, C. S. Edwards, ahernate; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; Michi- 
gan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. 
Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Montana, L. H. 
Hershfield, A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, Euclid Martin, A. G. Scott; Nevada, 
J. W. Haines, G. Russell; New Jersey, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher; 
North Carolina, T. B. Keogh, E. Carr, alternate; North Dakota, PI. P. 
Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, W. Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate; Oregon, M. 
Wilkins, J. L. Morrow, alternate; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. 
Woodside; Rhode Island, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. 
Cochran, E. L. Roche, alternate; South Dakota, M. H. Day, L. S. Bul- 
lard, alternate; Tennessee, R. Strong, A. B. Hurt, alternates; Texas, 
A. M. Cochran, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, H. H. Mclntyre; Virginia, 
V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris; W^ashington, W. Bingham, C. B. Bagley, 
alternates; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, 
Jr., J. L. Mitchell; W^yoming, H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate; 
Arizona, G. F, Coats; New Mexico, T. C. Gutierres, R. M. White; Okla- 



132 World) s Columbian Commission. 

Second ses- homa, O. Becson, J. D. Miles; Utah, P. H. Lannan, W. M. Ferry, alter- 
se^venth j-^^^g. district of Columbia, E. K. Johnson, alternate. 

The President announced that the minutes would be adopted and 
held open for revision and correction for forty-eight hours after being 
presented to the Commission, but after that time corrections can only 
be made by unanimous consent. 

Mr. Haines, of Nevada, offered the following resolution: 
^'f^^l^Jljtion Whereas, The messenger from the beyond has sent for and taken 

lufvernor ^o the Other shore our distinguished friend and fellow-citizen, C. C. Ste- 
of Nevada, venson, Govcmor 01 JNevada; and. 

Whereas, He has always been a worker in the ranks of the pro- 
gressive men of this Nation, especially promoting the interests of the great 
Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876, therefore, 

Resolved, That the Columbian Commission hereby expresses its pro- 
found regret at the loss of our co-laborer, and extends the fullest sympathy 
to the bereaved; and that the Secretary be instructed to send a copy of 
this to the wife of deceased, who is one of the Lady Managers of this 
Commission. 

The resolution was seconded by Commissioner-at-Large McDonald, 
of California; Mr. Scott, of Nebraska, and Mr. Woodside, of Pennsyl- 
vania, and was adopted by a rising vote. 

Mr. Bromberg offered a communication, proposing the exhibition 
of a " Pine Palace," which was ordered printed and referred to the 
Committee on Forestry and Lumber. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, offered a communication from the Com- 
mittee on Judiciary, and moved that it lie on the table for further con- 
sideration, and after some discussion withdrew his resolution of Saturday 
relative to the addition of members to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 
Commissioner-at-Large McDonald offered the following resolution: 
Resolved^ That when this Commission adjourns to-day the members 
thereof shall visit and inspect the site or sites upon which the World's 
Columbian Exposition is to be held. 

Resolved, further^ That the Officers and Directors of the Columbian 
Exposition Association, of Chicago, be invited to accompany the Com- 
missioners in this inspection; and, be it further 

Resolved, That theSecretary be instructed to engage a sufficient num- 
ber of carriages for this purpose and have them at the Palmer House 
within one hour after adjournment to-day. 

Mr. Ryan, of North Dakota, moved to amend by requesting the Chi- 
cago Directory to take with them their Consulting Engineer. At the 



Minutes of the Second Session. 133 

suggestion of Mr. Groner, of Virginia, the resolution and amendment second ses- 

slon— 

were laid on ine table temporarily, with the consent of the mover. seventh 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the members of the Committee on Legislation be, and 
hereby are, empowered and directed to sit during the sessions of their 
respective Legislatures in their respective States and Territories. 

Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, moved that the resolution be referred to 
the Executive Committee. Mr. Price, of Kansas, moved, and it was 
voted, to lay the resolution on the table. 

Mr. Sims, of Rhode Island,' Chairman of the Committee on Elec- 
tricity, offered the following resolution, which was referred to th'e Com- 
mittee on By-Laws: 

Resolved, That the title of this Committee be so changed as to read. 
Committee on Electricity, Electrical and Pneumatical Appliances. 

Mr. Woodside, of Pennsylvania, offered the following resolution: 
Resolved, That it is the sense of this Commission, that during the 
recess of this Commission, or until the Commission meets again by the 
call of the President, no member of this Commission shall be elected or 
appointed to any salaried position, under this Commission or any of its 
Committees; nor shall any payment be made to any Commissioner from 
the appropriation for the expenses of this Commission, except the sala- 
ries now authorized by Section Fifteen of the By-Laws, and the per diem 
and traveling expenses provided by the Act of Congress constituting this 
Commission. 

Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, offered the following amendment, with 
an extract from the report of the minutes of the last meeting of the 
Executive Committee: 

Provided, That it is further resolved that the action of the Execu- 
tive Committee in the selection of James A. McKenzie as its Vice- 
Chairman, and in fixing his salary at $8,000 per annum, be, and the samr 
is, hereby ratified and confirmed, and the said office of Vice-Chairman 
of the Executive Committee is created, with the salary as above set out. 

Extract from the minutes of the meeting of the Executive Com- 
mittee, September 20, 1890: 

"Mr. Widener, of Pennsylvania, moved that Mr. McKenzie, of Ken- 
tucky, be elected 10 the office of Vice-Chairman of the Execuiive Commit- 
tee. Several members seconded the motion, and it was unanimously 
adopted. 

"Mr. Johnson, of the District of Columbia, moved that the salary 
of the Vice-Cliairman be fixed at $6,000 per annum. Mr. Hams, of 
Virginia, moved as an amendment that the salary be fixed at $8.oco'per 
annum. 

"The amendment was accepted, and the motion as amended was 
unanimously adopted." 

* ^^ * * * H: * * * * -k 



134 World's Columbian Commission. 

second ses- 1 Certify that the above is a correct copy of an extract from the 

l^^l^th minutes of the Executive Committee of the National Commission, at a 

meeting September 20, 1890. 

John T. Dickinson, 

Secretary. 

After protracted debate; Mr. Massey, of Delaware, made the point 
of order that the resolution and amendment were in conflict with Article 
Sixteen of the By-Laws. The point of order was sustained by the 
President. 

Mr. Thacher, of New York, moved to refer Mr. Woodside's resolu- 
tion, with Judge Lindsay's amendment, to the Co«imirtee on Judiciary, 
directing them to report immediately, which was carried. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, introduced the following resolution, which 
was referred to the Committee on Judiciary: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation be 
authorized to sit at such time and place, when the Commission i^ not in 
session, as it may deem best for the interest of the Exposition, and that it 
be authorized to employ such clerical force as may be needed in the trans- 
action of its business. 

Mr McClelland, of Pennsylvania, offered the following resolution, 
which was referred to the Committee on Judiciary: 

Resolved, That the Commissioners-at-Large and their alternates be 
added to the Committee on Legislation. 

Mr. Deere, of Illinois, offered the following resolution, which was 
referred to the Committee on Judiciary: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Classification be authorized to sit 
at such time and place, when the Commission is not in session, as it may 
deem best for the interest of the Exposition, and that it be authorized 
to employ such clerical force as may be needed in the transaction of its 
business 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, offered the following resolution, which 
was referred to the Committee on Judiciary: 

Resolved, That a Committee on Buildings and Grounds be appointed, 
consisting of eight Commissioners. 

The President made the statement that after the conference with the 
Chicago Directory it had been announced that they would shortly be able 
to report their conclusions regarding the use of Washington Park, and it 
was voted to take a recess until 2.30 p. m., to await the report of that Com- 
mittee. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 13o 

The Commission was aorain called to order at 2.^0 p. m., when the fol- consiciera- 

^ ^ ' tlou of the 

lowing communication from the World's Columbian Exposition was read timied!"' 
by the Secretary: 

Secretary's Office of the World's Columbian Exposition. 

Chicago, September 22, 1890. 
Hon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary World's Columbian Commission, 
Chicago: 

Dear Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith certified copy of 
resolutions passed at a meeting of our Board of Directors just adjourned, 
together with copy of resolutions adopted this day by the Board of South 
Park Commissioners, bearing on the same subject. 

Respectfully yours, 

Benj. Butterworth, 

Sec7'eta7y. 

State of Illinois, County of Cook, ) 
South Park Commissioners, f 

I, H. W. Harmon, Secretary of the Commissioners aforesaid, and 
custodian of its records and files, do certify that at a meeting of the said 
Commissioners, on the 2 2d day of September, A. D. 1890, at which all 
the Commissioners were present, the following, among other proceedings, 
were had, viz.: 

The South Park Commissioners have received from an authorized 
committee of the Columbian Exposition Directors the information that 
the National Commission has expressed, by a substantially unanimous 
vote, their desire that these Directors shall " procure and present to this 
body (the National Commission) the most desirable site by adopting Wash- 
ington Park, the Midway Plaisance, and that part of Jackson Park lying 
south of the north line of the Midway Plaisance extended through to 
the lake." This information is communicated by the Committee of the 
Local Directory, with a request that the Park Commissioners enable them 
to meet the suggestion of the National Commission. 

A request thus made, and communication, is tantamount, in the opinion 
of the Park Commissioners, to a notice from the highest National author- 
ity that the site indicated is the best that Chicago can present for the 
purpose of the Columbian Exposition, and in substance is a reasonable 
demand that Chicago shall make good its promise to the National Legis- 
lature to provide satisfactorily for the location of the Fair. The Park 
Commissioners are desirous of meeting the situation fully and frankly. 
The tender of Jackson Park, 586 acres, and Midway Plaisance, 60 acres, 
may be taken as in part, at least, evidence of this desire. 

The debate proceedings, the passage of the resolution upon which 
the request m question is based, indicate misapprehension of certain 
facts. 



Day. 



186 WorhVs Cohimhlan Comviissioii 

Becondses- I, The material (-f r.uj-gradcs of both Washington and Jackson. 

slon— 

Seventh Park Is Substantially the same as to solidity. There is no underlying 
clay in either park, the sub-material in both being sand. Foundations 
may be laid, therefore, as safely and economically in one park as i:i ihe 
other. 

2. To inclose Washington Park would be materially to detract fiom 
the beauty of the approaches to the site already accepted, which has its 
western connection with Washington Park at Sixtieth Street, through 
which the movement of carriages may be continued for a mile to Jackson 
Park. The Commissioners have considered that Washington Park and the 
boulevards are in fact, though not m formal tender, an integral part of 
the southern site as offered, and as such will be maintained in 1893 with 
more than ordinary care, at the expense, not of the Exposition, but, as 
usual, of the Park District. Next year the improvement of Michigan 
Avenue Boulevard will be carried to Fifty-fifth Street or Garfield Boule- 
vard, through which there is a desirable entrance to Washington Park; if 
maintained open and unobstructed, Washington Park receiving their 
incessant drive from the boulevards, not repelling it. will be of itself a 
delightful doorway for the Exposition — the pleasure as the dignity of 
which would be lost by fencmg it against use by vehicles. 

3. The meadow in Washington Park, some 100 acres, will be in 
demand in 1893 for successive encampments of organized bodies, military 
and other, which would be denied this desirable camping site — the only 
place eligible in close contiguity with the Fair — if the meadow were 
covered by substantial construction. For the purpose of obtaining a 
better turn for such use of the meadow the Commissioners have under 
contemplation a plan for plowing, tile-draining, harrowing, seeding, and 
rolling this space during the pleasant season. 

4. If, after considering this explanation, the National Commission 
and the Chicago Directory shall still insist that the honor of Chicago 
demands and the space needed for the Exposition requires that Wash- 
ington Park be more closely identified with the Exposition, and that to 
other site area there shall be added the area of this, the South Park Com- 
missioners, upon the receipt of notice to such effect, will immediately 
cause to be prepared, and will pass the ordinances necessary to comply 
with the request now under consideration. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and the seal of 
the said Commissioners, this 226. day of September, A. D. 1890. 
[corporate seal] (Signed,) H. W. Harmon, 

Secretaf'y of the Soi(//i Park Commissioners. 

I hereby certify that the paper hereto attached is a correct copy of 

the preamble and resolution passed by the Directory of the World's 

Columbian Exposition, held this day, September 22, 1890: and I further 

certify that there is attached to said preamble and resolution a correct 



Minutts of the Second Session. 137 

copy of the communication received by the said Board of Directors from second scb- 
the Board of South Park Commissioners. Day."'^ 

Witness my hand and the seal of the Corporation, this 2 2d Septem- 
ber, 1890. 

[seal] Benj. Butterworth, 

Secretary, 
Resolution of Mr. Jeffery. 

September 22, 1890. 

Whereas, The Commissioners of the Columbian Exposition have 
requested this Board to obtain, if possible, from the South Park Board a 
tender of Washington Park for Exposition purposes; and. 

Whereas, This Board concurs with the honorable Commissioners in 
the belief that the use of Washington Park is essential to the full and 
complete presentment of the Exposition in a manner convenient to the 
public; and. 

Whereas, This Board has, by its Committee appointed for the 
purpose, again presented to the South Park Commissioners the necessity 
for a tender of Washington Park in addition to the area already tendered 
by them, which necessity the Commissioners have recognized by resolu- 
tions duly adopted; therefore, 

Resolved, That, in the opinion of this Board, the honor of Chicago and 
the necessities of the Exposition alike require the adoption of Washington 
Park as an important part of the site for the Columbian Exposition. 

Resolved, That a copy of this be sent to the South Park Board, and to 
the Columbian Exposition Commissioners, as a declaration of the views 
of this Directory upon this subject. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, on behalf of the Conference Committee, 
read the following report, and moved its adoption: 

Whereas, The South Park Commissioners, at their meeting: on the Report of 

' ' *» the Select 

2 2d of September, 1890, after having fully considered the applications of comSee 
the Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, made to them in °^^^^^- 
pursuance of the resolution of this Commission, adopted on the 20th day 
of September, after having recited certain facts in reference to the use of 
Washington Park, 

Resolved, That, if after considering their explanation the National 
Commission and the Chicago Directory shall still insist that the honor of 
•Chicago demands, and the space needed for the Exposition requires that 
Washington Park be more closely identified with the Exposicion, and that 
to other site area there be added the area of this, the South Park Com- 
missioners will, on notice to such effect, immediately cause to be prepared, 
and will pass the ordinance necessary to comply with the request now 
under consideration. 

Now, therefore, in pursuance of the foregoing invitation to further 
express the opinion of the National Commission in reference to this 
question, it is hereby 



138 Wo/id's CoViimln'in Commission. 

Second ses- Rcsolved, Ev ihe National Commission, that this Commission does 

Seventh g^jij jnsist that the space needed for the Exposition and to make the 
same adequate and satisfactory to this Commission requires that Wash- 
ington Park be added to the several plats of ground heretofore tendered 
to this Commission as a site for the Exposition, and that the addition of 
Washington Park may be made by the Chicago Directory and will be 
accepted by this Commission with the understanding that only so much 
of the said several plats as may be required for Exposition purposes will 
be used; and that the presentation of said park and its acceptance, with 
the acceptance of the Midway Plaisance, shall be a final settlement of all 
questions relating to the site for said Exposition. 

^sru^unani The resolution was seconded by Mr. M. L. McDonald, of California. 

inously 

adopted After protracted debate Mr. Hay, of Wyoming, moved that the question 
be decided by a rising vote, which was adopted, and, on putting the ques- 
tion, the report of the Conference Committee was unanimously adopted. 

Mr. Strong, of Tennessee, offered the following resolution: 

^apprm-ing Whereas, ^Mauy false impressions having gone to the country in 

o'fthe c?i- regard to the Local Directory of the World's Columbian Exposition; and, 

tor? ^^^ Whereas, Since our return to this city, we realize that said Directory 

has had more and greater difficulties to overcome than those at a distance 

could in any way possibly comprehend; therefore be it 

Resolved^ That, in the judgment of this Commission, the Local 
Directors are doing all within their power to make a grand success of the 
coming Exposition, and that the huge difficulties at the starting-point 
having now been removed, the country may from this time forward 
expect more rapid and satisfactory progress; be it further 

Resolved^ That, knowing the Chicago Directory to be composed of 
leading and successful business men of the city, in whom we have great 
confidence, we do not believe that they, or the people of Chicago, will 
spare either pains, time, or money to aid and cooperate with us in making 
the Fair a success of which the Nation will be proud; be it further 

Resolved, That when w^e return to our homes we will labor to correct 
the wrong impressions that the country may have received in regard to 
the work of the Local Directory, and that each and every one of us 
pledge ourselves to faithful aid in making the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition the grandest exhibit ever held on the globe. 

The resolution was seconded by Mr. Mercer, of Wyoming, and was 

unanimously adopted. 

^thrjiu?/. ^ir. Massey, from the Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, 

mitiee. offered a report in regard to the resolution presented by Mr. Woodside 

and referred to that Committee, for which the Committee proposed the 

following substitute: 



Minutes of the Second Session. 139 

ToLichinc'- the matter referred to in the resolution propounded by Mr. on offices 
Woodside, we beg to submit that, in the opinion of the Committee, it '■''^»- 
would be advisable to adopt the following as a substitute for Mr. Wood- 
side's resolution, which fully expresses the views of this Committee, viz.: 

Resolved, That it is not within the power of any of the Committees 
of this Commission to create an office, or fix the salary thereof, but that 
such power can only be exercised by the Commission. The Executive 
Committee may, however, select such employes and agents as may be 
necessary, define their duties and fix their compensation, as provided by 
Article " Fifth " of the By-Laws. 

After considerable debate the Committee's substitute was adopted 
and the resolution passed. 

Mr. Massev, on behalf of the same Committee, reported an additional o^ Y'ce- 

^ ' ' r Chairman 

article for the By-Laws, which after some debate was adopted, as follows: ecutive^^" 

Commlt- 

The Committee on By-Laws, to which was referred the resolution •^6^- 
introduced by Commissioner-at-Large Lindsay, beg leave to make the 
following report, to-wit: 

Li view of the express recommendation in that behalf of the Exec- 
utive Committee, the following amendment is proposed to the By-Laws, 
to- wit: 

Article Sixteenth. 

*' There shall be also an officer of the Commission, designated ^Vice- 
Chainnan of tJie Executive Committee,' who shall perform such duties as 
may be assigned to him by the Commission or its Executive Committee, 
and who shall receive an annual salary of eight thousand dollars, which 
shall commence to accrue from the date of assuming the duties of his 
office." 

Make present x\rticle "Sixteenth" the "Seventeenth." 

Mr. Massey, from the same Committee, made the following report on meetings 

and expen- 

relative to the resolutions introduced by Mr. Groner and Mr. Deere, and mmees^"^' 
the report of the Committee was adopted: 

Li the matter of the subjects embodied in the resolutions propounded, 
respectively, by Commissioners Groner and Deere, the Committee on 
By-Laws beg leave to report that these subjects are fully covered by the 
resolution now pending before the Commission, which has been considered 
and favorably reported from this Committee; and that the adoption of the 
last-named resolution, if it be the pleasure of the Commission to adopt 
the same, will accomplish, as to all the standing Committees, what the 
several resolutions contemplate for the two Committees referred to; and 
that, in the judgment of this Committee, the powers sought to be con- 
ferred ought to be delegated to all the standing Committees, or be with- 
held from all. 

Mr. Massey, from the same Committee, made the following report 
relative to the resolution of Mr. Sims, of Rhode Island, and the report 
was adopted: 



140 World's CtJninhrm (Jovnriission, 

On changing The Committee on By-Laws report the following amendment to 

coinniittee Article " Tenth " of the Bv-Laws: Make the title of the ^'' Coinniittee on 

on Eloc- 

triciry. Electricity and Elcctrical Appliances'' \.o x^2ii\ 2iS> io\\o^''s>\ "Committee on 
Electricity, Electrical and Pneumatical Appliances," and recommend its 
adoption. 
C01..1.A. Mr. Massey yielded the floor to Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, .who 

McKonzie 

^^llrl!^^ moved that the Commission elect Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, Vice- 

Clialrman _., . ,. , -r^ • ,^ • r.^i • • 11 

of the Chairman of the Executive Committee. 1 he nomination was seconded 

Executive 

Commit- 1^^^ -^1^ Cochran, of Texas, and Mr. McKenzie was unanimously elected. 
Reports of Mf. MasscY rcsumcd his report in behalf of the Committee on Judi- 

the.hiili- -^ ^ *^ 

mmee''™" ciary, Rules, and By-Laws, and reported his own resolution, introduced 

coutiuued. 

Saturday, with an amendment, as follows; 

Amend the resolution by adding the following at the end thereof, viz. : 
Limiting *' Nor shall this resolution be construed as authorizing any payment 

payments . . •>' ^■ 

to Com to any Commissioner other than the traveling expenses and per diem 

missiouers. ■' c» i * 

allowance for subsistence authorized by the Act of Congress." 

Mr. Thacher, of New York, offered the following as an amendment 
to the resolution as amended by the Committee: 
andExpen But no Standing Committee, except the Executive Committee, shall 

Commit- create expenses the total amount of which shall be more than $2,000 until 

tees. ' 

on or after June 30, 1891. 

After considerable debate, Mr. Massey offered another amendment 
as a substitute for Mr. Thacher's amendment, as follows: 
Entire mat- Provided, further. That the aggregate expenditure prior to June 30, 

ler recom- ' -^ ' ^^ . 

th'".fudi^ 1 89 1, under this resolution shall not exceed $50,000. 

mutl'c.''"^" After further debate, Mr. Martindale moved to recommit the entire 

(Not again 

auhe'''^ matter to the Committee on Judiciar}^" with instructions to report on 

second 

session.) Tuesday, after the morning hour, and it was so voted. 

(No further action on the subject of expenses of committees was 
taken during the second session.) 

The Commission then adjourned.. 



Second Session — Eighth Day, Tuesday, Sept. 23, 1890. 

Second The Commission was called to order at 11 o'clock. President 

Session— 

ELf '" Palmer in the chair. 

Roll Call. 

Rou-caii. Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. J>. McDonald; Kentucky, 

W. Lindsay; Michigan, 'i'. \V. Palmer; Texas, H. Exall. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 141 

Commissioners of States. — Alabama, F. G. Bromberg; Arkansas, ^^g^j""!^®^" 
X. Gregg; California, M. H. de Young; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. D^y"^ 
Skiff; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turn- 
bull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; Idaho, G. A. Manning; Illinois, 
C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B, Martindale; 
Iowa, J. Hayes, alternate; Kansas, C. K. Holliday, Jr.; Kentucky, J. A, 
McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, 
A. R. Rixby, C. S. Edwards, alternate; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; 
Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison; 
Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Montana, L. H. Hershfield, A. 
H Mitchell; Nebraska, Euclid Martin, A. G. Scott; Nevada, J. W. Haines, 
G. Russell; New Jersey, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher; North 
Carolina, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, 
W. Ritchie, L. C. Cron, alternate; Oregon, M. Wilkins, J. L. Morrow, 
alternate; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; Rhode Island, 
L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, 
alternate; South Dakota, M. H. Day; Tennessee, R. Strong, A. B. Hurt, 
alternates; Texas, A. M. Cochran, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, H. H. 
Mclntyre; Virginia, J. T. Harris; Washington, W. Bingham, C. B. Bagley, 
alternates; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, 
Jr.; Wyoming, H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate; Arizona, G. F. Coats; 
New Mexico, T. C. Gutierres, R. M. White; Oklahoma, O. Beeson, J. D. 
Miles; Utah, P. H. Lannan, W. M. Ferry, alternate. 

The minutes of Monday's session were approved as printed, and the 
reading was dispensed with. 

On motion of Mn St. Clair, of West Virginia, a recess was taken 
until I o'clock p. m. 



On reassembling at i o'clock, the Judiciary Committee having a 
fiumber of resolutions under consideration, it was voted to take a further 
recess until 1.35 p. m. 

On reassembling at 1.35, Mr. Martin, of Nebraska, offered the 
following resolution: 

Resolved, That the By-Laws shall be so changed that nine members 
shall constitute a quorum of the Executive Committee, and that the said 
Committee shall be in continuous session after such date as shall be 
deemed expedient by the President and Vice-Chairman of this Committee. 



142 World's Columbian Commission. 

Second See- Resolved, further, That this resolution be referred to the Judiciary 

E?ghTh Committee for consideration, and report to the National Commission. 

Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, offered the following resolution: 

Resolvedy That it is the sense of this Commission that any further 
election or appointment of members of this Commission to offices with 
salaries attached be hereby expressly prohibited, except by unanimous 
consent of the Commission. 

Both of the foregoing resolutions were referred to the Judiciary 
Committee. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, arose to a question of privilege, and read 
an erroneous newspaper statement in regard to certain proceedings of 
the Commission in which he had taken part, and desired to have spread 
upon the record the fact that he requested that a proper correction be 
made and that care be taken in the future to avoid such misrepresenta- 
tions. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, offered the following resolution: 

Whereas, The Act of Congress establishing the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition requires that this Commission shall approve of the build- 
ings to be erected in which to hold such Exposition, and 

Whereas, Such approval is required to be made before the President 
of the United States can make proclamation to the world, setting forth 
to the .world the time at which the Exposition shall open and close and 
the place in which it will be held; therefore 

Resolved, That a committee of five shall be appointed by the Presi- 
dent of the Columbian Commission, whose duty it shall be to consult 
with the Chicago Directory, with the President and Vice-President of 
the Executive Committee, and with the Director-General of this Com- 
mission, and join with them in recommending to this Commission suitable 
buildings, suitably located, in which to hold the several departments of 
said Exposition, and that such report with plans of buildings made by 
the Chicago Directory, and approved by said Committee and the Presi- 
dent, Vice-President, and Director-General, shall be reported to this 
Commission for acceptance on the i8th day of November, 1890, to which 
date this Commission, when it adjourns, shall adjourn. 

The resolution was debated at some length, and was objected to by 
Mr. Butt, of West Virginia, as out of order, in that it infringed upon 
the powers already conferred on the Executive Committee. 

The President ruled the point of order not well taken. 

Mr. Goodell, of Colorado, offered the following resolution as a sub- 
stitute for the resolution of Mr. Martindale: 



Mivutes of the Second Session. 143 

Resolved. That when the Local Directory are ready to submit the Second ses- 
plans for the buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition, the Chair- ^l*^,^'^ 
man and Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee shall select a sub- 
committee of four from the Executive Committee, to be known as a 
Committee on Buildings, to pass upon said plans and report at the next 
meeting of this Commission, and that when this Commission adjourns, 
It shall adjourn to November i8, 1890. 

Mr. Butt again raised the point of order that the resolution was ^n 
conflict with the By-Laws of the Commission, but the President ruled 
adversely. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, called attention to the fact that he had 
at Monday's session introduced a resolution similar in purport to that 
of Mr. Martindale, providing for the appointment of a Committee on 
Buildings and Grounds, to consist of eight Commissioners, which was 
now in the hands of the Judiciary Committee. Mr. W^hite suggested that 
if Mr. Martindale's resolution were so altered as to make the number of 
the committee eight, he would cheerfully support it. 

Mr. Martindale accepted the amendment, and after further discus- 
sion the presiding officer ruled that both resolutions should be referred to 
the Committee on By-Laws, 

The following communication was received from the States' Asso- 
ciation of Chicago: 

States' Association, 

Chicago, September 23, 1890. 
Hon. Thomas W^ Palmer, President: 
Kon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary: 

Gentlemen: The States' Association is in receipt of the resolution 
adopted by the National Commission, extending the privileges of the 
floor during its session to the officers of the States' Association. For 
this expression and such high consideration we beg, on behalf of the 
States' Association, to acknowledge its most grateful appreciation. 

L. D. Thoman, 

Henry Sheldon, Secretary. President. 

Mr. Massey, from the Judiciary Committee, made the following Reports of 

report: ary com- 

mittee. 

The Judiciary Committee, having considered the matters embraced onconsti- 

1 " 1 ■ r • 1 • ■ • r tilting a 

in the resolution referred to it touchino- the constitution of a quorum tuiommof 

*^ ^ tlioExecu- 

of the Executive Committee less in number than a majority thereof, i^^tteif"^' 
who shall have and exercise the powers of the Executive Committee, 
when it is not in session, beg leave to submit the following report, viz.: 

That, in the judgment of the Committee, it is essentially necessary 
that due deliberation should be afforded in considerinef a matter so 



144 World's Columbian Comviission. 

Second seB- important, and an incorrect or injudicious solution whereof would nec- 
Eighth essarily be attended with the most serious consequences, in the way 
of embarrassment and possible legal difficulties and complications; and, 
that as additional time is imperatively needed by the Committee ior 
further investigation and consideration, to the end that a proper and 
legal scheme may be devised and formulated in this behalf, your Com- 
mittee would respectfully recommend the adoption of the following 
resolution as expressive of its unanimous conclusion of the proper course 
to be pursued in the premises, to- wit: 

Recom- ResolvciL That the Judiciary Committee be, and it is hereby author- 

™i"ed. , , ,. , /. , -11 1 • 11 

ized, empowered, and directed to further consider the subject covered by 
the references aforesaid, and, after conference with the Secretary of the 
Treasury, to devise a legitimate scheme which will rightfully accomplish 
the desired result, if it can be lawfully done, and make a full report to 
the Commission, at its next meeting, in the form of an additional By-Law. 

The motion for the adoption of the report was seconded by Mr. 
Thacher, of New York, and was carried. 

Mr. Massey, from the same Committee, offered the following report 
and moved its adoption: 

That "Article Ninth" of the By-LaWs, regarding the Director- 
General, be amended as follows: 

Add at the end of said article the following words: 
On duties of "It shall also be his duty and privilege to attend the meetings of 

tor-Gen- any of the standing Committees for the purpose of suggestion and con- 
ference, and to the end that all the agencies of the Commission may 
be rendered miore efficient." 

The motion for the adoption of this report was seconded by Mr. 
Mark L. McDonald, of California, and was carried. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, from the Judiciary Committee, offered 
the following report on the proposed amendment to the By-Laws moved 
by Mr. McClelland, of Pennsylvania, on Monday: 
ooconstitu- Amend that parasfraph of "Article Tenth " of the By-Laws relatino; 

tlonofthc V ^ \ J o 

Commit- to the Committee on Leo:islation by addino^ immediately after the word 

tee on Leg- & ./ o j 

ieiation. *< Territory," in the second line of said paragraph, the following words, 
to-wit: "and also the Commissioners-at-Large and their alternates." 
Adopted. The report of the Committee was adopted. 

Mr. Strong, of Tennessee, offered the following resolution: 
ReBoiiuion Whereas, Being National Commissioners, and representing as we 

thcKxpo- do a Sabbath-keeping Nation, and beino: desirous of followin*^ in the 

sltlon on I o » o o 

Sunday, channel of all great American Expositions which have brought us such 
glory in the past, therefore, be it 



Minutes of the Second Session. 145 

Resolved^ That we are opposed to opening, or keeping open, the second^ses- 
World's Columbian Exposition on Sunday. i)!<y"'** 

Mr. Rucker, of South Dakota, moved that the resolution be referred 
to the Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws. 

Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, moved to amend by referring the resolution ^'1^^^^^;^^^,^^ 
to the Executive Committee, and it was so referred by unanimous consent, tee. 

Mr. Bromberg, of Alabama, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved^ That the President of the Commission be and is hereby 
authorized to notify the President of the United States that provision 
has been made for grounds and buildings for the uses provided for in 
the Act of Congress constituting the World's Columbian Commission. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, objected that the resolution was in conflict 
with the By-Laws, and therefore out of order. 

The presiding officer ruled that the point of order was not well taken. 

Mr. Holliday moved that the resolution be laid upon the table, and 
it was so voted. 

Mr. de Young, of California, offered the following resolution, and 

asked that it be referred to the Judiciary Committee: 

Resolved, That an amendment be made to the By-Laws changing 
Article Thirteenth as follows: 

Article Thirteenth. 

Special Meetings. ^ 

Special meetings shall be held upon the call of the President, and 
such call therefor may be made on his own motion, and shall be made 
at the written request of the Executive Committee, or of ten of the 
members of the Commission, and reasonable notice and the tmie and 
place of such meeting shall be given to each Commissioner. 

Also changing Article Sixth as follows: 

Article Sixth. 
Duties of the President. 

The President shall preside over all the meetings of the Commis- 
sion, and shall appoint all committees, unless otherwise directed by the 
Commission, and he shall have all the powers and authority incident to 
the office of President. The President may, and, at the written request 
of a majority of the Executive Committee or of ten of the members of 
the Commission, shall, call a meeting of the Commission, by giving each 
member reasonable notice of the time and place of such meeting. 

In order to give the Judiciary Committee an opportunity to act 
upon these various resolutions, the Commission took a recess for thirty 
minutes. 



146 Wurlf/\s Columhifui Commission. 

second sen. On reassembling at 3.35, Mr. Massey, from the Judiciary Committee, 

slon— 

Daf*'^ submitted the following report: 

Report of The Judiciary Committee, to whom were referred resolutions pro- 

conlmit^ pounded respectively by Commissioners White and iMartindale, beg leave 
tinued" *^^ report that the intention of both said resolutions will be better sub- 
served by the following amendment to the By-Laws, viz.: 

constir.,t- Add at the end of Article "Tenth," "Committee on Grounds and 

["mnmii- Buildiugs, cousistiug of six Commissioners, which shall have charge ai>d 
Gnurnds ^„oervision of the grounds and buildings in so far as the Commission 

and Build- ^"r*-*^ * *= i i n i 

"•*-'*• may lawfully exercise authority over the same; and shall also examme 
and report to the Commission as to the provision made by the World's 
Columbian Exposition for such buildings." 
Adopted. The report of the Committee was unanimously adopted. 

Mr. Massey, from the Committee on Judiciary, reported adversely 
the resolution offered by Mr. de Young, of California, and the report of 
the Committee was adopted. 

Mr. Lindsay, Commissioner-at-Large from Kentucky, offered the 

following resolution: 
Rosoiution Resolved, That it is the sense of this Commission that there should be 

Sm'"" full and free conference between its Standing Committees and those of 
tween tiie the World's Columbian Exposition acting upon cognate subjects, to the 

standing , ,i, iij^i 

fe(''\"Jmeend that the Committees of each body may be the better enabled to keep 
fciind within the scope of their respective powers and authority, conflict of 
lllerhu-a- action avoided, and harmony and mutual confidence the more certainly 

go Oiroct- 

o*"-- secured. 

The resolution was adopted, 
r.eport of Mr Lindsay, as Chairman of the Select Conference Committee on Site,- 

the Select ■ J i 

enc"J com. offered the following report, which was adopted by a rising vote: 

mlttee on • j j u 

'"^- Whereas, On the 2d day of July, 1890, a resolution was adopted by 

^'Inousiy the Commission formally accepting the site for the Fair proposed and 

adopted, ^gj^^ej-ed by the World's Columbian Exposition, and by the same resolu- 
tion a committee of ten Commissioners was authorized to consider all 
questions about the title of said site, and facilities of transportation, which 
Committee has made a report satisfactory to the Commission i#i this 
behalf; and, 

Whereas, Since the acceptance of the site aforesaid the World's 
Columbian Exposition, by an ofticial communication dated September 11, 
1890, and presented to the Commission on the 15th inst., has proposed 
to add to the said site so as aforesaid accepted about ninety acres of the 
north or improved i)ortion of Jackson Park, and also the area known as 
" Midway Plaisance," adjoining said park, containing about seventy acres, 
to the end that the area of said accepted site shall be so enlarged as to 



Minutes of the Second Session. 147 

permit the Fair to be principally and substantially held on a single site, second ses- 
and thus avoid any substantial dismemberment thereof; and, £!f''''^ 

Whereas, This Commission has requested the World's Columbian 
Exposition to make a special effort to acquire a part of Washington Park 
in addition to Jackson Park, and in response to the request of the Com- 
mission, the said World's Columbian Exposition has, by its resolution 
dated September 23, 1890: ''Resolved, That in addition to the area already 
tendered as a site for the Columbian Exposition, to wit, Lake Front and 
Jackson Park, the Directory hereby adopts and tenders to the World's 
Columbian Commission for its acceptance Washington Park and the 
Midway Plaisance;" therefore. 

Resolved, That the addition of the Midway Plaisance and Washington 
Park be, and the same is, hereby accepted as an addition to the site 
heretofore formally accepted as aforesaid, and shall be treated and con- 
sidered as an addition to and part of said site, with the like effect as if 
the same had been originally included in the site as first tendered; and 
that all question and controversy concerning the site are now satis- 
factorily and finally settled and disposed of, the said site embracing, as 
now accepted, the Lake Front, the whole of Jackson and Washington 
Parks, and the area intervening between said parks, known as the Mid- 
way Plaisance. 

Mr. de Young desired to be recorded as voting against a dual 
site. 

Mr. Dickinson, of Texas, offered the following resolution: 

Whereas, Reports have reached this country, throuo-h the medium Resolutions 

•^ ^ denouac- 

of correspondents and returning American tourists, that the World's ^"^^IK 
Columbian Exposition is practically discredited by American newspapers, Expo'^s/.'^® 
and is unworthy of the serious consideration of Europeans; and, "^^' 

Whereas, Such reports have received apparent confirmation, from 
the tone of certain foreign newspapers which have mistaken the expres- 
sions of such tourists as those of the American people; and, 

Whereas, The basis of such reports is evidently an erroneous idea 
as to the reasons which led to the selection of Chicago as the location of 
the Exposition; and, 

Whereas, Such reports, being entirely based on false assumptions; 
can not but be harmful to the purposes of the Exposition; therefore be it 

Resolved, That in the opinion of this Commission the Act of Congress 
selecting Chicago as the location of the Exposition was wisely and ad- 
visedly taken; and, 

Resolved, That this Commission hereby signifies its unqualified ap- 
proval of the selection of Chicago, and hereby places itself on record 
as having found every pledge made by the advocates of Chicago before 
Congress fully and absolutely fulfilled; that the site offered and accepted 
is such as no International Exposition heretofore held could boast of, and 



148 Wo7'ld's Columhian Commission. 

Second ses- that there is every prospect of the Exposition being of such a characte- 
EiTi^h Internationally and Nationally, as every patriotic American could desire^ 
and, be it further 

Resolved, That the officers of this Commission be, and are hereby- 
authorized to take such steps as they may deem advisable to counteract, 
the false impressions herein referred to, and that a copy of these resolu- 
tions be forwarded to the principal newspapers of London, Paris, Berlin, 
Vienna, Madrid, and the other European capitals, and all other foreign 
countries. 

Unanimous- The resolutions were unanimously adopted. 

ly adopted. 

Mr. Breed, of Massachusetts, offered the following resolution: 
Resolution Resolved, That, the site for the World's Columbian Exposition having 

denco°^rn bccn finally selected and formally accepted and settled in the most sat- 

thp B11CC68S 

of ^tjie^Ex- isfactory manner to the National Commission, as well as to the Chicago 
Directory and to the people of the whole country; and that the officers 
and committees of the National Commission have also been chosen to 
the satisfaction of all; therefore be it 

Resolved, That this National Commission has unbounded confidence 
in the success of the coming International Exposition, and urgently appeal 
to all citizens of the United States, individually and through prompt 
action of the State Legislatures, to contribute generously and actively to 
that success which shall redound to the glory of our common country. 

Unanimous- xhc rcsolution was unanimously adopted. 

ly adopted ■' 

Mr. Ryan, of North Dakota, offered the following resolution: 

^SS^oVand Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission are due, and are 

cfeo.''^ hereby tendered, to the Mayor and City Council of the City of Chicago 
for their courtesy in furnishing the Council Chamber and other accom- 
modations free for its use during this session. 

The resolution was unanimously adopted. 

Mr. McClelland, of Pennsylvania, offered the following resolution: 

Resolution Resolved, That the World's Columbian Commissioners hereby desire 

if ff^"to express their appreciation of the able, dignified, and impartial manner 
Bion!"'^" in which the duties of presiding officer have been performed by Presi- 
dent Thomas W. Palmer during the Second Session of the Commission, 
as well as for the consideration and courtesy at all times shown by him to 
all Commissioners. 

Resolved, That we also desire to place upon record our recognition 
and approval of the intelligent and satisfactory work of Secretary John 
T. Dickinson, who has also striven in every possible way to promote the 
World's Columbian Exhibition. 

Mr. Harris, of Virginia, was called to the chair, and the resolution 
was unanimously adopted by a rising vote. 



Minutes of the Second Session. 149 

Mr. McKenzie moved that the thanks of the Commission be ex- second scj. 

eiou— 

tended to Mr. Potter Palmer for his hospitable entertainment of the Com- u&y]^^ 
mission on Saturday evening. 

The resolution was adopted by acclamation. 

Mr. Thacher, of New York, moved, and it was voted, that the Secre- 
tary of the Commission be instructed to compensate the Sergeant-at- 
Arms, door-keepers, and detailed officers for their services in the Council 
Chamber during the session of the Commission. 

The Commission then, at 4.08 p. m., adjourned sine die 
11 



OFFICIAL MINUTES 



OF THE 



World's Columbian Commission. 



Third Session — First Day, Tuesday, November i8, 1890. 

The Commission met at 12 o'clock noon, November 18, in Third ses- 

' ' sion— First 

the Council Chamber, City Hall, Chicago, pursuant to the call ^^^' 
of the President, of which each Commissioner was notified 
October 22, 1890: 

At the invitation of the President, the Rev. F. W. Gunsaulus, 
of Chicago, offered prayer. 

The roll was called, and the following Commissioners and 
Alternates were present: 

Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald ; Roii-caii. 
Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; Nebraska, 
R. W. Furnas, alternate; New York, G. W. Allen. 

Commissioners of the District of Columbia. — A. T. 
Britton, D. Clagett, alternate. 

Commissioners of States. — Alabama, G. L. Werth, alter- 
nate; Arkansas, J. D. Adams, T. H. Leslie, alternate; Cali- 
fornia, M. H. de Young, W. Forsyth; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, 
F. J. V. Skiff; Connecticut, T. M.Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, 
W. H. Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, 
C. H. Way; Idaho, J. E. Stearns; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. 
Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. F. 

151 



162 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third scs- King, J. Eibocck, alternate; Kansas, C. K. HoUiday, Jr., R. R. 

slon— First o' ^ ' ' ' y > j i 

^*^" Price; Kentucky, J. Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. 
Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, A. R. Bixby; Mary- 
land, J. Hodges, L. Lowndes; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed ; 
Michigan, M. H. Lane; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tous- 
ley; Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. 
Bullene; Montana, A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, Euclid Martin^ 
A. G. Scott; Nevada, J. W. Haines, G. Russell; New Hamp- 
shire, W. Aiken, F. E. Kaley, alternate; New Jersey, W. J. 
Sewell, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin^ 
alternate; North Carolina, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. 
Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, H. P. Piatt, W. Ritchie; Oregon, M. 
Wilkins; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; Rhode 
Island, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, E. L. Roche> 
alternate; South Dakota, L. S. Bullard, alternate; Tennessee, 
T. L. Williams, R. Strong, alternate; Texas, J. T. Dickinson; 
Verfnont, H. H. Mclntyre, H. Atkins, alternate; Virginia, V. D. 
Groner, J. T. Harris; Washington, H. Drum, C. B. Hopkins; 
West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. 
Allen, Jr., J. L. Mitchell; Wyoming, A. S. Mercer, alternate. 

Commissioners of Territories. — Arizona, G. F. Coats; 
New Mexico, R.M. White, L. C. Tetard, alternate; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, F. J. Kiesel, P. H. Lannan. 

On motion of Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, it was voted 

that the name of any member who was absent at the calling 

of the roll may be recorded at any time during the day by 

application to the Secretary. 

President's On announcing that the Commission was ready for business, 

address. 

the President made the following remarks: 

President's Address. , 

Gentleme7i of the Commission : 

In accordance with the provision in Article Six of the By- 
Laws of the World's Columbian Commission, I have called you 
together for the purpose of considering the progress and needs 
of the Exposition, and to afford opixirtunity, at the earliest day 
possible, to formulate the notification described in Section lo of 



Minutes of the Third Session. 153 

the Act of Con2:ress creatinor this Commission, which shall Third ses- 

° ^ ' slon— First 

enable the President of the United States to make and publish ^»y- 
that proclamation which must precede any action of participa- 
tion on the part of Foreign Governments. 

When the call was issued for November i8th, it seemed cer- 
tain that all subjects and conditions essential to be passed upon 
by you would be fully prepared for your consideration before 
that date, and I trust you may be subjected to no delay in their 
presentation 

Under the terms of the Act, as I understand them, you 
should be able to inform the President: 

ist. That a site has been selected for the Exposition. 

2d. That building plans have received your approval. 

3d. That both site and buildings are " deemed," by you, 
** adequate to the purposes of said Exposition" and full provis- 
ion has been made for their use and construction. 

Preliminary to this action you should be satisfied that the 
moneys prescribed to be provided by "The World's Exposition 
of 1892 " are so provided in exact compliance with the require- 
ments of the Act of Congress. 

You will also be expected to adopt a scheme of classifica- 
tion and the regulations referred to in Section 10 of the Act, for 
publication by the President in supplement to his proclamation. 

I am 'informed that reports from the Classification and 
Executive Committees, containing proposed systems of classifi- 
cation and of regulations, already await your consideration, and 
it is probable that the committees and organizations now in 
charge of the other essential matters will present their final re- 
ports before you have completed such consideration. 

Other features of administration, plan, and scope, more or 
less vital to the successful conduct of the Exposition, will also 
be presented, and I bespeak for them the candid, judicial, and 
patriotic treatment which may be confidently expected of this 
body. 

President Palmer, as Chairman of the Executive Commit- Report of 

the Execu- 

tee, submitted the following report, which was ordered to be mlttee.^™" 
printed in the minutes and lie upon the table for future 
consideration: 



164 World'' s Columbian Commission, 

Third Ses- RePORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, 

slon— First 

^*^" Chicago, November 17, 1890. 

To the World's Columbian Commission: 

Gentlemen : In compliance with Article Five of the By- 
Laws of the Commission, requiring the Executive Committee to 
" report fully all their transactions to the Commission at its 
stated and special sessions," I have the honor to submit herewith 
the following report, covering such transactions of the Commit- 
tee as are deemed of sufficient importance to be submitted to 
the Commission. 

Since the adjournment of the Commission at its last session, 
to-wit, September 23, 1890, the Executive Committee has held 
meetings on the following dates, viz.: September 24, October 18, 
20, 21, and November 14, 15, and 17. 

At a meeting of the Committee on September 24th, a com- 
mittee of four, with the addition of the Chairman and Vice-Chair- 
man, was appointed to pass upon the compensation to be given 
officers, agents, clerks, stenographers, and typewriters that the 
Secretary had to employ since the Commission was organized. 

The matters covered by this subject will be found in full in 
the Secretary's report. 

At this same meeting the Director-General was authorized, 
in the name of the National Commission, to respectfully request 
the President of the United States and the Secretaries of the vari- 
ous departments to detail officers to assist the Director-General 
and the Commission in any department of the Exposition. 

At the meeting of the Committee on October i8th, a com- 
munication was read from the Secretary of the Treasury approv- 
ing Articles Fifteen and Sixteen of the By-Laws of the Commis- 
sion, fixing the salaries of the officers of the Commission hereto- 
fore elected. A copy of said communication appears on page 14 
of the Minutes of this Committee. 

At this same meeting Secretary Dickinson reported that he 
had received information that the following committees had de- 
cided to call meetings as follows: Committee on Foreign Affairs, 
in New York, October 2 2d ; Committee on Fine Arts, in New 
York, October 23d, and the Committee on Mines and Mining, 
in this city, November 27, 1890. 

After due consideration of the matter, the following resolu- 
tion was adopted by the Committee: 



Minutes of the Third Session. 155 

''Resolved, That the President be, and is, hereby directed to Third ses- 

' . slon— First 

notify the chairman of each committee of this Commission that, ^*y- 
in view of the restricted finances of this Commission, it is unwise 
that any meeting of any of the committees be called, or any act 
be done, .incurring expense, until the meeting of the National 
Commission on November i8th next, unless authorized by the 
President." 

Secretary Dickinson also reported that he had received 
letters from the chairmen of the various committees in reference 
to the employment of clerks and stenographers and the furnish- 
ing of stationery for the use of the committees. The Executive 
Committee decided that action upon these communications 
should be deferred until after the next meeting of the National 
Commission. 

A resolution was adopted providing for a committee of four, 
together with the Director-General, to confer with the Committee 
from the Local Directory, and to recommend to the Committee 
such methods or agencies as may be advisable for conducting the 
Exposition, and that the President and Vice-Chairman shall be 
two of the members of said Committee, and that the Secretary 
of the Commission shall be Secretary of the Committee, to pre- 
serve a record of their action. 

This Committee at a subsequent meeting made the following 
report, which was read and approved by the Executive Commit- 
tee, and ordered referred to the Commission with recommendation 
that it be adopted: 

Report of the conference between the Sub-Committee of 
the Executive Committee of the National Commission, con- 
posed of President Palmer, Vice-Chairman McKenzie, Director- 
General Davis, Commissioners Martindale and Martin, and 
Secretary Dickinson, and the Committee of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition Directory, composed of President Gage, Vice- 
President Bryan, and Secretary Butterworth: 

All these gentlemen were present in the Director-General's 
office at 4 o'clock p. m., October 20, 1890, in pursuance of the 
following resolution, adopted by the Executive Committee of the 
National Commission, October 18, 1890, a copy of which had 
previously been transmitted to the officers of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition Directory: 

Resolved^ That a committee of four, together with the 
• Director-General, be selected to confer with a committee from 



156 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- the Local Directory, and to recommend to the Commission such 

slon— First - ' 

^ay- methods or agencies as may be advisable for conducting this 
Exposition, and that the President and Vice-Chairman shall be 
two of the members of said committee, and that the Secretary 
of the Commission shall be Secretary of the committee, to pre- 
serve a record of their action. 

In accordance with the foregoing resolution, this Conference 
Committee proceeded to the business before them, to-wit: The 
consideration of the formation of such bureaus as were deemed 
advisable for the successful conduct of the Exposition, subject to 
the approval of the Commission and of the Local Directory, 

At the request of the Committee, Director-General Davis 
submitted a report setting forth his views as to what bureaus 
should be established. President Gage also read from a report 
before him the names of various bureaus that were deemed 
necessary to be formed. 

After fully considering this question, the Committee finally 
decided that the following bureaus would ultimately be needed 
to successfully prepare for and operate the Exposition, and that 
they should be put in operation as the work progressed, and 
that there was an imperative demand for their creation: 

Bureau of Installation, whic'h will also include Manufactures. 

Bureau of Agriculture, with Departments of Live Stock and 
Horticulture. 

Bureau of Mines and Mining. 

Bureau of Machinery and Electricity. 

Bureau of Education, covering Engineering, Public Works, 
Architecture, Ethnology, Archaeology, Progress of Labor and 
Invention. 

Bureau of Fine Arts, including Decorative Art. 

Bureau of Railway Exhibits and other Means of Transit. 

Bureau of Admissions. 

Bureau of Protection and Public Comfort, covering Police 
and Fire Department, Invitation to Visitors, Guides, Interpret- 
ers, etc. 

Bureau of Publicity and Promotion. 

Bureau of Transportation. 

On motion of Commissioner Martindale, it was decided that 
the Director-General should appoint all these bureau officers, 
subject to the confirmation of the Executive Committee of the 
National Commission, and also of the Executive Committee of 
the Local Directory. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 157 

It was also decided by the Committee that this report should Third_S|B-^^ 
be submitted to the Executive Committee of both organizations, ^*y- 
to be submitted by the said Committees to the National Com- 
mission and to the Local Directory for approval before the said 
bureaus are created. 

The Secretaries of the two Committees were directed to pre- 
pare the report of the action of this Conference Committee and 
transmit same to their respective Executive Committees for con- • 
sideration and action thereon. 

The Conference Committee then adjourned. 

Jno. T. Dickinson, 
Secretary National Cojumissioii. 
Benj. Butterworth, 
Secretary World's Coluinbian Exposition Association. 

The foregoing report was only partial, and the Conference 
Committee, on the part of the Executive Committee, stated that 
they would make further report at a subsequent meeting. 

At this same meeting of the Committee a letter was read from 
Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker, a member of the Board of Lady 
Managers, dated Hartford, Conn., October 9, 1890, recommending 
that the Board of Lady Managers be called to meet November i8th, 
and hold a preliminary session with the World^s Columbian Com- 
mission, in order to become accustomed to the methods of the 
Commission in transacting its business; that, as soon as this 
preliminary session was over, the Board of Lady Managers 
should be called together by the President of the Commission, 
and under his guidance proceed to effect an organization of their 
own body. Mrs. Hooker also recommended that the Board of 
Lady Managers should at once appoint concurrent committees, 
corresponding to those of the Commission, and later, sub-com- 
mittees, whose members should be invited to sit with the com- 
mittees of the Commission at every session, and suggested that 
the members of the Board of Lady Managers from each State 
should, at joint sessions of the Commission and the Board, 
occupy seats adjoining, with extra seats reserved for friends, to 
be invited from time to time, as deemed advisable. 

A report was also presented from Charlotte Smith, Presi- 
dent of the Women's National Industrial League of the 
United States of America, detailing the work done by that body 
inbehalf of the interests of the World's Columbian Exposition, and 
stating that over 40,000 copies of a circular addressed to women 



158 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- interested in the organization of women's work throusfhout the 

Blon— First ** . ° 

Day. world had been distributed in America and Europe; that corre- 
spondence had been held with prominent men and women in 
America and Europe requesting cooperation in the work; that 
a bill had been introduced in the House of Representatives pro- 
viding for a Woman's International Labor Congress to be held 
during the Exposition, and had been referred to the Select Com- 
mittee having charge of that subject, and a favorable report 
promised. 

The above letter and report were referred to a special com- 
mittee of the Executive Committee, which has not yet reported. 

A communication was read from Edward de Groff, appointed 
by Gov. Lyman E. Knapp, of Alaska Territory, a World's Fair 
Commissioner, in which he stated the circumstances connected 
with his appointment and his journey to Chicago in consequence 
of that appointment before he had learned that the State Depart- 
ment had made a mistake in sending notice to the Governor of 
Alaska to appoint World's Fair Commissioners. In connection 
with this letter the Secretary also submitted a copy of a letter 
addressed by him on September 5th to the Chief Clerk of the 
State Department with reference to the appointment of Mr. 
de Groff and his colleague, and the answer of the Department, 
dated September 8th, in which it was stated that notice had been 
sent to the Governor of Alaska through inadvertence, and that 
the opinion of the Department was that the Territory not being 
organized, was not entitled to representation on the Commission. 

In reference to the foregoing, the Committee, at a subsequent 
meeting, adopted the following preamble and resolution: 

Whereas, The District of Alaska, not being clothed by 
Congress with a Territorial form of government, is not, under 
the law providing for the World's Columbian Exposition, entitled 
to representation in the World's Columbian Commission; and 

Whereas, The Department of State, under a misapprehen- 
sion of law, did invite the Governor of Alaska to recommend 
two Commissioners and two alternate Commissioners, to be 
appointed by the President; and 

Whereas, The said Governor of Alaska did nominate to 
the President, to be appointed as such Commissioners, Edward 
de Groff and L. L. Williams, and did nominate to the President, 
to be appointed as alternates, Carl Sprehn and N. A. Fuller; 
and 



Minutes of the Third Session. 159 

Whereas, It is in the opinion of this Executive Committee Third ses- 

' ^ slon— First 

important that said District of Alaska be represented in said ^*y- 
Commission and make display in said Exposition; therefore 

Resolved^ That we petition Congress to so amend the law 
that Alaska may be represented in said World's Columbian Com- 
mission, and that the Commissioners and alternate Commis- 
sioners nominated by the Governor of Alaska may be commis- 
sioned by the President, and that until such action is taken by 
Congress the said Commissioners are invited to the privileges of 
the floor of the Commission. 

At the meeting of the Committee ow October i8th, Sec- 
retary Dickinson stated to the Committee that some time 
ago, at the request of President Palmer, he addressed a com- 
munication to the Chairmen of the various committees of 
the National Commission, stating that, as the Executive Com- 
mittee would meet in Chicago on October i8th, to be in session 
probably several days, they were requested to forward to the 
President, to be submitted to the 'Executive Committee, any 
plan, ideas, or suggestions that their committees may have con- 
sidered during the recent session of the Commission, or that the 
Chairmen may have outlined as work for their committees, to- 
gether with an approximate estimate of the expense, if any, that 
may have to be incurred in the execution of said plan, ideas, or 
suggestions. 

Answers to these letters will be found on pages 30 to 1%, 
inclusive, of the minutes of the Executive Committee. 

Reports were received and read from the Select Committees 
of the World's Columbian Commission and of the Local Board, 
with reference to the special mining exhibit proposed by Mr. Ed. 
F. Brov/ne. The Committee of the Commission recommended 
that the said exhibit be made one of the adjuncts of the World's 
Fair, the details of its regulation and control to be referred to 
the Executive Committee and the Local Directory. The report 
of the special committee of the Local Board contains a state- 
ment of the cost of the work and some specifications, but makes 
no recommendation as to the approval of the plan. 

These reports were referred to the Director-General for con- 
sideration, and a report thereon will be found in the report of the 
Director-General submitted at this meeting. 

A communication from Mr. E. F. Cragin, of Chicago, was 
considered, asking that the North American Guarantee & Com- 
mission Company be endorsed by the Executive Committee as 



160 World'' s Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- an accent to represent the Commission and its exhibitors in the 

Blon— First * '■ 

^"y- transportation and insurance of goods forwarded for exhibition. 

In reference to this the Committee adopted the following 
resolution : 

Resolved^ That it is the sense of the Executive Committee 
that no such endorsement should be given, and that no such 
power should be delegated to any person or persons, but that the 
Commission should retain control of all such intercourse. 

The Committee adopted the following resolution in refer- 
ence to awards : 

Resolved, That a committee of four be appointed to confer 
with a like committee from the Exposition Directory to recom- 
mend to this Committee and to the Exposition Directory whether 
awards shall be granted, and what character of awards shall be 
made, if any. 
By-Laws of At their meeting on October 20, the Committee adopted the 

the Execu- '^ ^ 

mmee^^"^*' ^ollowing By-Laws for their government : 

Article I. 
Officers. 
The officers of this Committee shall consist of a Chairman, 
Vice-Chairman, and Secretary, and such other officers as shall, 
from time to time, be provided for by the Committee. 

Article II. 

Duties of Officers. 

The Chairman shall preside over all the meetings of the 
Committee, and shall appoint all committees, unless other- 
wise directed, and, generally, perform such duties as devolve 
upon the presiding officers of deliberative bodies. In the 
absence of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall perform 
the duties of the Chairman, and in the absence of both 
Chairman and Vice-Chairman, the Committee may be called 
to order by the Secretary, and appoint a Chairman pro tern. 
The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Committee, 
and shall keep, in a book prepared for that purpose, a true and 
fair record of all such meetings, and shall have charge of all 
books, documents, and papers which properly belong to his 

office. 

Article III. 

Meetings of the Committee. 

Meetings shall be held upon the call of the Chairman, and 
such call therefor may be made on his motion, and shall be made 



Minutes of the Third Session. 161 

at the written request of eisfht members of the Committee, and Third ses- 

^ ^ ' slon— First 

reasonable notice of the time and place of each meeting shall be ^^J- 
given to each member of the Committee. In the absence of the 
Chairman, the Vice-Chairman shall have power to convene the 
Committee. 

Article IV. 

Quo mm. 

Not less than fourteen members shall constitute a quorum 
for the transaction of business, but a less number may adjourn, 
from time to time, pending the arrival of a quorum, when the 
Committee has been properly summoned. 

Article V. 

Order of Business. 
ist. Roll-call. 

2d. Reading, correction, and approval of minutes. 
3d. Consideration of communications before the Committee. 
4th. Reports of officers of the Committee. 
5th. Reports of sub-committees, in order. 
6th. Reports of standing committees. 
7th. Unfinished business. 
8th. Motions, resolutions, and new business. 
All reports shall be made in writing, and all motions and 
resolutions, if the Chairman so direct, shall also be in writing. 

Article VI. 

Amendments. 

These By-Laws may be altered, amended, or suspended by 
the recorded consent of not less than fourteen members of the 
Committee, at any meeting of the Committee. 

Director-General's Report. 

At the same meeting the Director-General submitted to the Report of 
Committee the following report: or-oeneraL 

To the President and Members of the Executive Committee^ World's 
Columbian Commission: 

Gentlemen: I have the honor to respectfully report that 
immediately on the adjournment of the Executive Committee, 
temporary offices were secured in the Pullman Building for the 
transaction of business under my charge. The offices in this 
building are inadequate. I have not been informed of their ex- 
pense, but understand that they are only rented by the month. 



162 World^s Columbian Commission. 

^Son-¥fr8t Believing that we should seek quarters more ample for our 

^*^- acommodation, and in the immediate vicinity of the Local Corpo- 
ration, after consultation with President Palmer and Secretary 
Dickinson, I informed the Local Corporation that we should join 
them in the selection of a joint headquarters, the Commission to 
pay pro rata for the space occupied. 

Many buildings were inspected, and the one most acceptable 
was the Rand-McNally Building. The fourth and fifth floors of 
this building have not yet been divided into offices. It is thought 
that the fourth floor will be sufficient for the accommodation of 
the Commission and the Local Board. This floor will contain 
about 15,000 square feet for offices, and will be arranged so as to 
contain an assembly room, for the use of the Executive Com- 
mittees, and the remaining portion arranged in offices to suit the 
convenience of both organizations. The rent will be $16,000 
per annum for one year, with the privilege of three years. 

The fourth floor of this building is to be fitted up as offices, 
and it is intended that, if at any time additional room is required, 
the overflow could be accommodated on the fifth floor. 

This building is thoroughly fire-proof, is new, is located on 
Adams Street, just west of La Salle, and convenient to business. 

It is believed to be of interest to the Exposition that the 
Executive offices of both organizations be located in the same 
building. 

The offices can be prepared for occupancy by January i, 
1891. 

Organization. 

Following in the line of those Expositions which have been 
successful heretofore, also in conformity with the writings and 
reports of those experienced in the conduct of great Expositions, 
to which I have given careful thought and study, and in con- 
formity with my own experience in business matters, I am of the 
opinion that time and money will be saved and efficiency pro- 
moted by conducting the business we have before us through 
administrative departments or bureaus. I do not comprehend 
how it is possible to attempt to carry out the work, the magni- 
tude of which I feel is not fully appreciated, in any other 
manner. I can call to mind at this moment many instances 
where another method has been adopted which subsequently had 
to be changed to the administrative system to prevent failure. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 163 

I believe we should profit by the experience of other Expo- Thjrd_se8- ^ 
sitions and adopt the system which has universally proved a ^^y- 
success. This system will vitalize the energy of every officer 
and committee that you have elected or appointed. It will give 
to each something to do and prevent the work assigned to an 
officer or committee being interfered with by another. It will 
lessen expense, avoid confusion, give character, dignity, and 
confidence to this enterprise. 

The active and willing members of committees will be in 
close communication and consultation with the chief of 
the bureaus, or the superintendent of a department or sub- 
department with which it has to do, and each committee will 
be stimulated to extra exertion to make theirs the most 
attractive and successful department, and a keen sense of 
responsibility will be thus secured. 

To this end I believe the work should be divided into 
bureaus, somewhat as follows: 

1. Bureau Foreign Department. 

2. Bureau Installation, which will also include manufactures 
in Department J. 

3. Bureau Agriculture, covering Departments A, C, and D. 

4. Bureau Horticulture, Department B. 

5. Bureau Mines and Mining, Department E. 

6. Bureau Machinery, Department F. 

7. Bureau Electricity, Department H. 

8. Bureau Education, covering Departments L and M. 

9. Bureau Railways, Department G. 

10. Bureau Awards. 

11. Bureau Admissions. 

12. Bureau Protection. 

13. Bureau Press and Information. 

14. Bureau Engineering and Construction. 

15. Bureau Transportation. 

16. Bureau Printing, Stationery, and Supplies; and the neces- 
sary superintendents for departments and sub-departments of 
each bureau. 

The work of several of the foregoing bureaus will mainly be 
within the entire control of the Local Board, subject to ttie gen- 
eral supervision of the Commission. 

The Foreign Department should be under the immediate 
supervision and attached to the office of the Director-General. 



164 World's Columbian Commission, 

Third See- The assistants or secretaries for this Bureau should be provided 

slon— Firit ^ 

^*y- for, that, when the necessity requires the appointment, no delay 
should ensue. 

The Bureau of Installation should be created at once. This 
Bureau will take charge of the correspondence with exhibitors, 
supply them with blank applications, and distribute the classifica- 
tion, furnish all data, rules, and regulations pertaining to the 
Exposition, and allot space, and install Department of Manu- 
factures. This Bureau will also perform much of the prelimi- 
nary work of other bureaus until a necessity exists for their 
creation. 

The Bureau of Horticulture should be organized imme- 
diately. 

The Bureau of Fine Arts should be organized immediately. 

The Bureau of Printing, Stationery, and Supplies should be 
immediately created, and the printing, stationery, and supplies 
for the Commission and for the Local Corporation should be 
filled under one and the same contract. 

The Bureau of Press and Information should be immedi- 
ately created, and the necessity for its creation has existed for 
some time. 

The Superintendent of Music, under the Bureau of Edu- 
cation, should be appointed. 

The Bureau of Transportation is regarded by the Local 
Corporation as a necessity, and so thoroughly was I impressed 
with this belief, a Traffic Manager was appointed, and assigned 
to this duty, of which further reference will be made in supple- 
mental report. 

Work of the Office. 

The following appointments have been made and are respect- 
fully submitted for the approval of the Executive Committee: 

Mr. E. E. Jaycox as Traffic Manager, compensation five 
thousand dollars ($5,000) per annum, to be paid by the Local 
Corporation. 

Gen. F. C. Armstrong, as aid to the Director-General. 
This officer will be sent to the different States to communicate 
with Commissioners, assist in organization, and perform such 
other duties as may be required. I recommend that his salary 
be fixed by the Committee, and provision made for its payment, 
and also for the payment of his expenses. 



Minutes of the Third Session, 165 

I have appointed a chief cleric for my office, and require Third ses- 

^^ -- ' -1 slon— First 

further assistance, such as clerks, stenographers, and typewriters, ^^y- 
and respectfully request the Committee to fix the salary of the 
chief clerk, and authorize the necessary help for the office and its 
incidental expenses. 

A more comprehensive and systematic organization than 
now exists is required for the prompt and economical transaction 
of our work. 

The Commission and the Local Corporation should come to 
a thorough understanding on a business basis; the questions 
affecting the rights and jurisdiction of each will, I believe, be 
easily determined if the success of the Exposition is constantly 
kept in view by all. 

(Signed) Geo. R. Davis, Director- General. 

I'he foreQ:oin(r report of the Director-General was consid- Appoint- 

^ * ^ inentsby 

ered, and the Committee proceeded to the confirmation of the ^^^^^^l^^ 
appointments that had been made by Director-General Davis, as 
set forth in his report, to wit: The appointment of Mr. E. E. 
Jaycox as Traffic Manager, General Frank C. Armstrong as aid 
to the Director-General, and Mr. Geo. S. Miles as Chief Clerk 
in the Director-General's office. 

The appointments of General Armstrong and Mr. Miles 
were confirmed. 

The vote was then taken upon the confirmation t)f the 
appointment of Mr. Jaycox as Traffic Manager, and the appoint- 
ment was confirmed. 

Commissioner Euclid Martin filed the following protest 
against the confirmation of Mr. Jaycox as Traffic Manager, and 
his reasons therefor: 

I protest against the adoption of so much of the report of 
the Director-General as refers to the confirmation by the Execu- 
tive Committee of his appointment of E. E. Jaycox as Traffic 
Manager. Not that I, in any manner, question the qualifications 
of Mr. Jaycox for filling the position, but for the following reasons: 

First. That the appointment of Traffic Manager by the 
Director-General without consultation with either the Chairma:i 
of or the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, is contrary 
to the plan of the organization of the World's Columbian Com- 
mission as outlined by its action at the meetings held in this city 
in June and September, at which times the principle was clear! .' 
establi.shed that the work of conducting the Exposition, and thj 

12 



166 TFb?7d'5 Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- responsibility of same, was in the hands of the Commission 

eion— First ' -' ' 

^"y through its various committees. 

Second. For the reason that there was no such exigency 
existing as would warrant an exception being made of this par- 
ticular position, and that the selection at this time of a Traffic 
Manager, before the organization of the bureau which he is to 
serve, has the appearance of making an exception, and can not 
but be construed as lacking in courtesy to the Committee on 
Tariffs and Transportation. 

Euclid Martin, 
Member Coj?imittee o?? Tariffs and Transportation. 

Before the appointment of Mr. Jaycox was confirmed the 
Chairman of the Committee had received the following protest 
from Commissioner V. D. Groner, Chairman of the Committee 
on Tariffs and Transportation, which was read and ordered 
entered upon the minutes of the Committee: 

Committee on Tariffs and Transportation protest against the 
appointment of Traffic Manager by the Director-General and 
the Local Board. We ask the Executive Committee to defer 
action until Committee on Transportation can be heard. Local 
Board, of course, has the right to appoint whatever officers they 
please, but they should not be made officers of the National 
Commission, even though approved by Director-General, without 
first letting standing committee have some option in the matter. 

(Signed) V. D. Groner, 

Chairman Committee on Tariffs aftd Transportation, 
World's Columbian Comfuission. 

Classification. 
ciassifica- The Committee on Classification from time to time have 

tlon Com- 
mittee, made reports to the Executive Committee in reference to the 

work of classification, but it is not deemed necessary to submit 

these reports, as the Classification Committee will make a full 

report to the Commission at this session. 

Professor Blake, employed by the Classification Committee, 
made a report which will be found on pages 48 and 49 of the 
printed minutes of the Executive Committee. 

Chairman F. J. V. Skiff, from the Committee on Mines and 
I.Iinin":, submitted a communication which will be found on 
pages 51 to 55 inclusive, of the printed minutes of the Execu- 
tive Committee. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 167 

The Committee on Ceremonies submitted to the Executive Third ses- 

Bion— First 

Committee the following report, with the accompanying plan for ^"y- 
the dedication ceremonies in October, 1892. 

To the Executive Committee of tiie World's Columbian Com77iission: ^^^qx\,oi 

tne Com- 

Gentlemen : The Committee on Ceremonies met this day cp"Jmo°° 
with a like Committee from the Local Directory, to whom they °*^^- 
submitted the accompanying paper, outlining a system of 
festivities for the dedication ceremonies. After an interchange 
of views, upon the request of the Local Committee we ad- 
journed until such time as their full Board could discuss the 
matter. 

As not only the dedication ceremonies, but those of the 
opening of the Exposition, will require considerable thought and 
a very considerable amount of labor, your Committee asks au- 
thority to select a Secretary by whom, in connection with the 
Chairman, the details of these festivities may be prepared, the 
salary of the Secretary to be determined upon at the next meet- 
ing of the Executive Committee when the Commission meets 
again. 

(Signed) Peter A. B. Widener, Ciiairman, 

R. C. Kerens, 

M. B. Harrison. 

Plan for Dedication Ceremonies. 
To t/ie Hon. Lyman T. Gage, President, and tiie Honorable Met?u- Proposed 

, . Dedicatory 

bers of tiie Executive Committee of tiie World's Columbian 'i^lT^^' 
Exposition Association^ of Ciiicago: 

Gentlemen: Section 9 of the Act of Congress creating 
the World's Columbian Commission contains the following: 
" That said Commission shall provide for the dedication of the 
buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition, in said City of 
Chicago, on the twelfth day of October, one thousand eight hun- 
dred and ninety-two, witii appropriate ceremonies,'' etc. 

The Director- General informs us that these buildings will be 
completed and ready for dedication on that date, as required by 
law. In view of the fact that if these dedication ceremonies 
only last one day, and are a free show, they will probably entail 
a very large outlay of money, we desire to submit for your con- 
sideration a plan that will provide an adequate fund with which 
to entertain all the distinguished guests on that occasion, and 



168 World^s Cohimbian Commission, 

Third See- that will make the ceremonies ten-fold more brilliant and impos- 

slon— First ^ 

Day. jfjg than they otherwise would be. 

The plan is to give, on the grounds and in the buildings, 
a great inter-State and international military encampment and 
international band contest, in honor of the dedication of the 
buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition, opening on the 
first Monday in October, 1892, and closing a few days 
after the 12th of October, 1892, lasting about ten days, and 
making the 12th of October, as required by law, the dedication 
day. If the festivities were to last only one day, we would hardly 
be able to secure a complete military representation from each 
State, outside of possibly the Governor and his staff officers, but 
if the celebration is made a great inter-State competitive drill 
and international military encampment and band contest, 
offering the largest prizes that have ever been offered in the 
history of this country, all the first-class military companies in 
the United States and the finest bands of music will participate, 
together with at least a military escort and one famous band of 
music from every nation on earth. 

If the Executive Committee of the Local Directory will 
adopt this plan, we will be able to give the grandest military and 
musical event of the age, entertaining all the distinguished guests 
in a satisfactory manner, making enough money to pay all 
expenses, and probably being able to turn back into the treasury 
of the Local Directory at least one hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars. We ought to have a daily attendance of from one to two 
hundred thousand people for ten days, which would be from one 
to two million people, at fifty cents admission, amounting to half 
a million or a million dollars, and all the expenses ought not to 
be more than three hundred and fifty thousand dollars, thereby 
realizing quite a handsome surplus. But, if we should only pay 
expenses, we will have saved to the World's Fair enterprise a 
large sum of money, which will have to be expended in entertain- 
ing distinguished guests from Washington City, from every State 
in the Union, and from every nation on earth, if the dedication 
lasts only a day and is a free entertainment. 

Several of the leading representatives of the National Guard 
of the various States have already suggested a great military 
encampment during the six months of the World's Fair, but the 
officers of the Exposition will be so occupied in arranging for 
the innumerable exhibits of the products and industries of the 
soil, mine, and sea from all over the world, and supervising the 



Minutes of the TMrd Session. 169 

civic departments and attractions of the Fair, that we would not Third se». 

^ _ ' _ 8lon— First 

be able to give a military encampment during the Fair the proper ^^y- 
recosfnition that it should have. It is on this account that the 
Committee on Ceremonies of the National Commission suggest 
that this great military show and band contest be given at 
the dedication celebration, and be made strictly military and 
musical, having no industrial parades or civic shows during the 
dedication, as they more appropriately belong to the Exposition. 

We would therefore request the Executive Committee of the 
World's Columbian Exposition Directory to consider the advis- 
ability of adopting this plan as a basis for the dedication cere- 
monies, and to agree to offer $100,000 for prizes for the military 
companies and bands of music to compete for, and also to agree 
to set aside $100,000 additional for the preliminary expenses in 
preparing for this dedication celebration, requesting, at the same 
time, that your Executive Committee select a Committee on Cere- 
monies, composed of eight Directors, to cooperate with the 
Committee of the National Commission; and that the two com- 
mittees be the Governing Board, with power to recommend a 
General Manager, to be appointed by the Director-General, and 
such other agents and employes as may be needed to proceed at 
once to prepare for this dedication celebration. 

We kave only two years in which to do this work, and from 
our experience with celebrations of this kind, we are of the opin- 
ion that we have no time to lose to make it the brilliant and im- 
posing affair that it should be. 

After these two Committees have conferred fully, mapped 
out plans, etc., and chosen proper officers and agents to get up 
these dedication ceremonies, we would suggest that a meeting be 
held in Chicago, at an early -date, of the best military talent in 
the country from among the National Guard and the United 
States Army, say a gathering of forty or fifty men for a week, 
who will prepare the prospectus of the military encampment, and 
also the military prize-list. In due course of time an interest 
will have been aroused in the various States in behalf of the Co- 
lumbian Exposition, and the same men who work for the World's 
Fair, both at home and abroad, can also work for this dedication 
celebration. 

After the prospectus and prize-lists have been sent out to 
the military companies of this country and to foreign govern- 
ments, this joint Committee can then engage the services of a 
musical director, a man of recognized genius among musicians. 



170 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- who Can invitc a few of the 2:reat band-masters of the world, like 

8lon— First '^ . 

Day- Gilmore and others, to come to this city and prepare the prize- 
lists for the great band contests, together with the prospectus 
which will be sent out to all the bands of the world. In the opin- 
ion of this Committee, there never was such a favorable opportu- 
nity as this for making an international military encampment and 
international band contest such a complete success, both finan- 
cially and otherwise, as can be made in connection with the 
Columbian Exposition. 

As before stated, the buildings are to be completed in time 
for the dedication, and representatives of the Exposition will be 
at work everywhere at least a year before this dedication occurs, 
all of whom can act as agents in urging military companies and 
bands of music to compete for the great prizes to be offered. If 
the weather should happen to be unpropitiousat the timeof hold- 
ing this celebration, October, 1892, the main building and other 
buildings being entirely completed, the competitive drilling of 
the military companies can take place, if necessary, in these 
o;io:antic building^s, because none of the exhibits which are to be 
placed in these buildings and on the grounds will begin to arrive 
until after this dedication celebration is over. 

The band contests can also occur in the Exposition build- 
ings, and a few great band-masters can bring to Chicago bauds 
of music from all over the world that can be massed together 
and that will aggregate from two to three thousand musicians. 
The music will have been sent out to the bands several months 
in advance, which they will rehearse, and a consolidated band of 
several thousand pieces will play the same music, the national 
airs of every country and other popular and inspiring melodies. 

We have not gone into the details of the numberless minor 
but brilliant attractions that can also be made a part of the dedi- 
cation ceremonies, as these matters can be considered later on, as 
the plans for the dedication entertainment are more fully 
developed. 

Such a celebration, of the magnitude that we suggest, will 
enable the World's Fair management to have a rehearsal, as it 
were, the fall before the Exposition opens, to test the transpor- 
tation facilities to and from the grounds to the city, the capacity 
for satisfactorily taking care of visitors in Chicago, for policing 
the grounds, the city, etc., and, in fact, a complete rehearsal, six 
months before the opening of the Exposition. Such a rehearsal 



Minutes of the Third Session. 171 

would be of incalculable value in the successful management of "^'J/on-rS^st 
the World's Columbian Exposition. °^y- 

We would have here at that time several thousand soldiers 
composed of the flower of the militia of the country, each of 
whom would return to his home after the 12th of October an 
enthusiastic advertiser of the World's Fair, besides the enormous 
advertisement that would accrue from the attendance of from 
one to two million people during the ten days of the interna- 
tional encampment, and also the financial benefits that would 
accrue to the City of Chicago by the presence in this city for 
ten days of several hundred thousand strangers. 
All of which is respectfully submitted. 

P. A. B. WiDENER, Chairman, 

R. C. Kerens, 

M. B. Harrison, 

I^or the Committee on Ceremonies. 

m 

After considering the foregoing report, the Committee 
adopted the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the report be referred back to the Commit- 
tee on Ceremonies for such further action as they may see fit 
to take, and report at such time as they may deem proper, 
with power to act and to appoint a Secretary. 

Lady Managers. 
In reference to the orQ^anization of the Board of Lady Man- Report on 

'^ ^ the Board 

agers, the Committee adopted the following resolutions: Managers. 

Resolved, That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President, be and 
he is hereby respectfully requested to call a meeting of the Board 
of Lady Managers, in the City of Chicago, on the 19th of Novem- 
ber, 1890, for the purpose of organization and the transaction of 
such other business as may come before said Board. 

Resolved, furthe?\ That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President, 
and Hon. John T. Dickinson, Secretary, are requested to make 
arrangements to secure a suitable hall in which said Board of 
Lady Managers can hold their daily meetings. 

Resolved, further, That Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President, 
is requested to call said Board of Lady Managers to order at 
12 o'clock M., on said 19th of November next, and preside until 
they shall have elected a Chairman and Secretary, and that Hon. 
John T. Dickinson, Secretary, is directed to officiate as secretary 
on said 19th of November next until they shall have elected 
their Chairman and Secretary. 



172 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third See- Rcsolved, further, That it is the sense of the Executive 

Day Committee that the law of Congress authorizes the organization 

of the Board of Lady Managers at an early date, and the Presi- 
dent of this Commission, Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, is authorized 
and requested to communicate with the Secretary of the Treasury 
and request, on behalf of this Commission, favorable construc- 
tion of the Act of Congress relative to the subsistence and 
transportation of the Board of Lady Managers for the meeting 
of said Board on November 19, 1890. 

Resolved, further, That the President shall not issue the call 
above mentioned until he receives information from the Secretary 
of the Treasury that the subsistence and transportation for the 
members of the Board of Lady Managers have been allowed. 

Resolved, further. That a committee of two be appointed by 
the President to proceed to Washington to take up this subject 
with the Secretary of the Treasury, in order to secure a prompt 
decision. 

In compliance with the foregoing resolutions, Commission- 
ers Butt and Harris were appointed as a Committee to proceed 
to Washington to interview the Secretary of the Treasury in re- 
gard to the compensation of the Board of Lady Managers. 

A communication was afterward received from the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury, stating that each member of the Board of 
Lady Managers, as now constituted numerically, will be allowed 
necessary cost of transportation, and six dollars per day in lieu 
of actual subsistence expenses, while necessarily absent from 
home engaged on the business of the Commission, upon the 
presentation of itemized accounts and vouchers as required by 
law and the regulations issued thereunder. 

Thereupon, in compliance with the resolution of the Execu- 
tive Committee, the President of the Commission instructed the 
Secretary to call a meeting of the Board of Lady Managers, to 
be held in this city on November 19, 1890. 

Secretary's Report. 
Report of At the meeting on October 2 1 St, Secretary Dickinson sub- 

tfie^secre- ^^^X^^^ the following report to the Executive Committee, which 
was unanimously approved: 

To the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Commission: 
Gentlemen: Li accordance with Article VHI of the By- 
Laws of the Commission, giving me the power " to appoint such 
assistant secretaries and select such clerical force as shall be 



Minuted of the Third Session. 173 

necessary properly to conduct the business of the Commission, Third^ses- 
subject to the approval of the Executive Committee," I beg leave '^^y 
to submit the following report for the consideration of your 
Committee: 

This same By-Law requires the Secretary to ''conduct the 
correspondence of the Commission and to keep a full and accu- 
rate record of its proceeding's and those of the Executive Com- 
mittee, and to make report of same from time to time as may 
be required." This By-Law also requires the Secretary to "keep 
all the accounts of the Commission and certify the same to the 
Secretary of the Treasury for payment.'^ 

A careful consideration of the immense amount of work 
that will have to be done through the Secretary's department of 
the National Commission will at once convince anyone that, in 
addition to a large force of clerks, stenographers, and type- 
writers, which will have to be increased as the work progresses, 
I must have, for the successful and satisfactory discharge of the 
duties of my office, at least two assistant secretaries — one as an 
office assistant and the other as an assistant in the prompt and 
efficient discharge of my duties in connection with the Executive 
Committee. 

I have selected for these two positions, subject to your 
approval, two gentlemen, one from Pennsylvania and the other 
from Tennessee, both highly indorsed by the most prominent 
men in the country, and whose business ability and experience are 
such as will at all times enable them to command the confidence 
and esteem of every Commissioner and of the public generally. 

I desire your approval of my appointment of Mr. Eben 
Brewer, of Pennsylvania, as my office assistant, and Mr. A. B. 
Hurt, of Tennessee, as Assistant Secretary of the Executive 
Committee, to perform such other duties as I may direct when 
the Executive Committee is not in session. I do not ask that 
any salary be fixed for these gentlemen at this session of your 
Committee, but only that their appointments be approved, recog- 
nizing from my knowledge of their ability that after your Com- 
mittee has met again, and you have seen their work and their 
capacity, you can then fix their salaries commensurate with their 
services, and I can say that this arrangement is entirely satisfac- 
tory to them. 

I submit herewith, for your approval, the pay-roll of the 
clerks, stenographers, typewriters^ and messengers that are now 



174 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- employed in my office, and which are necessary for the transaction 

8ion— First ^ -^ '' ^ rr • 

^»v- . of business in a prompt and efficient manner. 
I have the honor to be, 

Your obedient servant, 

John T. Dickinson, 

Secretary. 

With the foregoing report was submitted a list of the em- 
ployes in the Secretary's office, and their compensation, which 
was approved. 

The Committee, by resolution, appointed the President, 
Director-General, and Vice-Chairman as a Sub-Committee to fix 
the salaries of all the employes that may hereafter be needed in 
the Secretary's office, and report same from time to time to the 
Executive Committee for confirmation. 

A communication from Mr. W. E. Curtis of the Department 
of State, in reference to the exploitation of South America, was 
received, a copy of which will be found on page 69 of the 
printed official minutes of the Executive Committee. The Chair- 
man understands that this communication was acted on by the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs at its recernt meeting in New York 
City, and will be reported upon by them at this session of the 
Commission. 

On November 14th, the Executive Committee accepted the 
invitation to meet the Congressional Committee of the World's 
Columbian Exposition at the Grand Pacific Hotel, where quite a 
lengthy conference was held, but no definite action taken. 

The Committee decided that all applications to the Secretary, 
from Chairmen of Committees, for stenographers for temporary 
use during this session of the National Commission, shall first be 
submitted to the Sub-Committee, consisting of the Chairman and 
Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Director 
General, for such action as they may deem proper. 

The Committee also decided that it should be the practice 
of this Committee, and all Committees and Officers of the Com- 
mission, when employing stenographers and having work done or 
otherwise creating expense, to have same done by contract, when 
practicable, 
siteforthe The Committee at its session November 15th unanimously 

Exposltlun. . ^ 

adopted the following preamble and resolution: 

Whereas, At the September meeting of the World's Colum- 
bian Commission a resolution was unanimously passed by the 



Minutes of the Third Session. 175 

Commission expressinsf a desire for the location of the important Tiurd ses- 

^ =» '■ 8lon— First 

part of the Exposition on Washington Park; that on receipt cf ^*y- 
said resolution the Local Directory passed and presented to the 
South Park Commissioners the following resolution: "That, in 
the opinion of this Board, the honor of Chicago and the necessi- 
ties of the Exposition alike require the adoption of Washington 
Park as an important part of the site for the Columbian Expo- * 
sition;" that the South Park Commissioners, on receipt of said 
resolution, passed a resolution declaring '' that if after 
considering their explanation the National Commission and 
the Chicago Directory shall still insist that the honor of 
Chicago demands, and the space needed for the Exposition 
requires, that Washington Park be more closely identified 
with the Exposition, and that to other sites be added the 
area of Washington Park, the South Park Commissioners 
will, on notice to such effect, immediately cause to be prepared, 
and will pass, the ordinance necessary to comply with the request 
now under consideration;" that on the receipt of this resolution 
by the South Park Commissioners the National Commission and 
the Chicago Directory each re-declared that in their opinion 
the space needed for the Exposition did require that Wash- 
ington Park should be so tendered; that, relying on said pledge 
so made by the South Park Commissioners, the Chicago Direct- 
ory made an unconditional tender of W^ashington Park to the 
National Commission as an important part of the site for the 
Exposition, which was unconditionally accepted by the Commis- 
sion; that the South Park Commissioners did prepare and present 
to said Directory an ordinance allowing the use of Washington 
Park for the Exposition, but coupled to it a condition that no 
trees should be removed, or permanent improvements or road- 
ways disturbed, in its use without the consent of the South 
Park Commissioners; that the Directors' architect has prepared 
two or three plans for Exposition buildings, to be located on 
Washington Park, all of which have been submitted to the 
South Park Commissioners for their approval as to the trees 
required to be removed, and the said South Park Commissioners 
have declared, by resolution, their intention to prevent the 
removal of the trees necessarily required in the proper use of 
Washington Park for Exposition purposes; now, therefore, be it 

Resolved, That the Executive Committee, on behalf of the 
National Commission, respectfully, but positively and unanimously, 
ask that the Directory obtain from the South Park Commissioners, 



176 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third See- without dclav, and before the meeting of the Commission on the 
i^»y- 1 8th instant, an amendment of their ordmance grantmg the 
unconditional use of Washington Park for an important part of 
the Exposition, relying upon the pledge of the Directory and the 
National Commission that no unnecessary damage shall be done 
to the permanent improvements of the Park, and the bond of the 
•Directory, already given, that they will indemnify said South Park 
Commissioners against damage that may be done to said Park in 
the use thereof for Exposition purposes; that unless such action 
is taken by the South Park Commissioners before the meeting 
of the National Commission on the i8th instant, we will feel con- 
strained to recommend to the Commission that they reconsider 
their several resolutions, heretofore by them adopted, accepting 
the various sites, and await the ability and action of the Direc- 
tory in making good their unconditional tender of Washington 
Park as a site for the Exposition. 

The following protest, from the Illinois State Board of 
Agriculture, was laid before the Executive Committee at its 
session on the 17th inst. : 

Agricultural and Allied Industries at the World's 

Fair. 
luinoisstate The lUinois State Board of Agriculture, at its regular 

Agricuit- meeting to-day, passed the following preamble and resolution, 
ga?dr4 to which the attention of all kindred organizations and of all 
igricuuu- others interested is respectfully called: 

ral Display ,,-.-.. ^ , -r ^ ^^ 

Whereas, The Board of Directors of the Local Corpora- 
tion of the World's Columbian Exposition, charged with the 
duty of presenting to the National Commission a site, together 
with plans and specifications for the necessary Exposition build- 
ings for the World's Fair of 1893, has decided to so present the 
following as the basis of a partial site and partial distribution of 
buildings and departments upon the Lake Front, asking approval 
and adoption thereof by said National Commission, to-wit: 

''Resolved, That it is the sense of this Board of Directors that 
there should be located upon the Lake Front these items of the 
Exposition: 

'' I. The Art Exhibit building, which shall contain all oil- 
paintings, water-colors, engravings, and statuary that shall be 
exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

"2. The Decorative Art building, which shall contain all 
jewelry, diamonds, watches, gold and silver ornaments, clocks, 



Minutes of the Third Session. J 77 

bronzes, embroideries, tapestries, rugs, Persian carpets, china, Third sei- 
bric-a-brac, gold and silver ware, and all other articles intended ^*y- 
for the decoration of the person, table, or house that shall be 
exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

''3. The building in which shall be displayed the exhibit of 
electrical appliances and devices. 

"4. Government Departmental exhibits, including exhibits 
from the State Department, Treasury Department, War Depart- 
ment, Navy Department, Interior Department, Post-Office 
Department, Department of Justice, Smithsonian Institution, 
and National Museum and Fish and Fisheries Department. 

"5. Musical Hall. 

" 6. The Water Palace, if any. 

'* 7, A portion of certain miniature villages and settlements 
of curious nationalities, such as Indian, Egyptian, Persian, Cen- 
tral African, Chinese, Japanese, Armenian, Russian, and others. 

^'8. An Aquarium building. 

" 9. An electric fountain, and other exhibits analogous to the 
foregoing, or supplementary thereto, and necessary to make the 
Lake Front exhibition equal in interest and attractiveness to the 
other portions of the Fair." 

Whereas, The plan of distribution, as outlined above, con- 
templates a dismemberment of the World's Fair not only un- 
necessary and utterly unjustifiable, but involving a reckless, if 
not culpable, disregard of the interests which we represent, and 
which form the very basis of all civilization, progress, culture, 
and wealth of nations and people in every department of human 
activity; and. 

Whereas, The law of Congress organizing the National 
World's Fair Commission invests that Commission with plenary 
powers of approval and rejection in all matters pertaining to site, 
buildings, and conduct of said Fair in general and detail, thus 
charging the Commission with a responsibility to the people 
which can not be modified, and from which there is no honorable 
escape, therefore. 

Resolved^ That the Illinois State Board of Agriculture, in the 
name of agriculture and its allied industries throughout the 
world, confidently appeals to the intelligent appreciation, pure 
motives, and perfect good faith of our National Commission, to 
prevent any dismemberment whatever of the departments of the 
proposed Fair, and in any event and at any cost to avert the dis- 



178 Wo?^Id's Columbian Commission. 

Third s.'s- gracc and disaster which, under any such plan as quoted above, 
Day" or any approach to it, would, in our deliberate judgment, be 
inevitable. 

The following report from the Director-General was sub- 
mitted to the Executive Committee at its session on the 17th 
inst., and with accompanying papers was ordered referred to the 
Commission : 

Office of the Director-General, 

November 17, 1890. 
Report of T^ the President and Members of the Executive Coinmiitee, World's 

the Direct- ... 

or-Genera'. C oluvibian Com77iission: 

Official Headquarters. 

Gentlemen : I have the honor to report that in conformity 
with the instructions of the Executive Committee the President, 
Vice-Chairman, Secretary, and the Director-General visited and 
examined the accommodations for offices of the Commission 
offered by the proprietors of the Rand-McNally building. 
Being satisfied that they were central as to location, ample as to 
space, and reasonable as to rental, the Committee advised the 
Local Board that the Commission would join the Board of 
Directors in securing the quarters. The offices are now being 
prepared, and will be in readiness for occupancy by the ist of 
January. 

Underground Mining Display. 



Under- In the matter of the proposition for undererround mining 

CTOund r 1 e> & 

Di°pia^v display to be provided by Mr. E. F. Browne, referred for consider- 
ation and report, it is respectfully submitted that it appears from 
the record that a Sub-Committee appointed by the Commission 
has already recommended that said exhibit be an adjunct to the 
World's Fair, the details of its regulations and control to be 
referred to the Executive Committee of the Commission and the 
Board of Directors. 

The proposition is to locate the shaft upon the Lake Front, 
and present a mining exhibit some 500 feet below the surface. 

I understand that the stockholders of the company which 
proposes to sink the shaft are responsible and well-known people. 

If desired by the Board of Directors, and sufficient guaran- 
tees are given to secure a safe and satisfactory exhibit, I see no 
special objection to the enterprise. 



Minutes of the Third Session, 17^ 

I am unofficially aware that this subject has not yet received Third_s^8p^^ 
the favorable indorsement of the Board of Directors, which I i^«>- 
believe it should receive before further action is taken by the 
Executive Committee. 

Departmental Organization. 

In the matter of Departmental Organization, no action has ^X°*,^fi)e- 
been taken during the recess of the Committee. The Board P«"ment8. 
of Directors, upon the recommendation of the Sub-Committee 
which met in a conference with a Sub-Committee of this Execu- 
tive Committee, adopted the plan set forth, with slight and un- 
important alterations, with the exception that it did not provide 
for the Bureau of Admissions, and of Protection, which was con- 
templated by the joint report of the Committee of Conference. 
It was the opinion of the Board of Directors that probably these 
bureaus would not be called into existence for a year or 
more, and that it was thought best to defer action upon them. 
Believing that the adoption of the report of the Conference 
Committee by the Executive Committees of the Commission 
and Board of Directors established the plan of methods and 
agencies to be employed in the prosecution of the work, and that 
the National Commission was recognized as having supervisory 
powers in the several departments of administration, and that 
reports should be made to it from every department connected 
with the Exposition, in order that the Commission should at all 
times have sufficient information to insure an intelligent super- 
vision in any department when, in the interest of the Exposition, 
it should be called upon to act, and also to enable the Commis- 
sion to conform to the Act of Congress wherein it is made the 
duty of the Commission to make report from time to time to the 
President of the United States of the progress of the work, and 
in a final report present a full exhibit of the results of the Expo- 
sition, I deemed it my duty to make respectful protest to the 
appointment by the Board of Directors of a Chief of Construc- 
tion, the duties of which officer were specified as follows in the 
resolution creating the office : 

'' The Chief of Construction shall have general charge of the 
construction of buildings, the supervision of the designs therefor, 
the preparation of the grounds and engineering incident to a 
proper prosecution of the entire work. He shall have supervis- 
ion of buildings erected by outside parties and of the mainte- 
nance of all buildings belonging to the Exposition Company. 



180 World^s ColuTRbian Commission. 

Third See He shall examine all bids and propositions for work under his 

sion— First ^ ^ 

^^y- control, and recommend to the Committee on Buildings and 
Grounds for approval such as commend themselves to his judg- 
ment. He shall, subject to the approval of the Committee on 
Buildings and Grounds, organize Bureaus of Architecture, 
Engineering, Landscape Gardening, Sanitation, etc., and shall, 
subject to the approval of the Committee, hire and dismiss all 
employes in his department and fix the compensation for their 
services. He shall report to the Committee from time to time 
the progress of the work, and shall perform such other duties as 
the Committee may assign to him." 

The Board of Directors continued their Sub-Committee for 
any further conference that might be required, in the same 
manner as did this Committee continue theirs. 

It is therefore respectfully suggested that a further confer- 
ence be held, that the methods and agencies through which the 
work is to be performed may be, as far as is practicable, deter- 
mined upon, and some general plan adopted. In this connec- 
tion I wish to say, that there is no reason to believe that by the 
adoption of the resolution creating this office of Chief of Con- 
struction that the Board of Directors intended any discourtesy 
to the Commission, or to myself. 

State Organization. 
organiza- J havc recently forwarded to the members of the National 

tlon of -' 

the'sever- Commission a suggestion of plan for organization to secure an 

ai states, g^j-ij^j^ ^^^j ^-q promote the interests of the Exposition in the 

various States and Territories and District of Columbia. 

Herewith is submitted a copy of this plan, which is entirely 
suggestive in its character, and would request that this* Com- 
mittee transmit the same to the Commission for consideration, 
as it is believed this subject is of such serious and immediate im- 
portance that it should be fully and freely discussed by the Com- 
mission in order that the views of Commissioners from different 
sections of the Union may be obtained on the question, and their 
hearty cooperation enlisted in some plan of State organization. 
In this connection, and in view of the fact that a majority of 
the Legislatures meet this winter, it is suggested that your Com- 
mittee recommend to the Commission that the Director-General 
be given the authority to request Commissioners at the proper 
time to proceed to their respective Capitals to induce their 
Governors to recommend in their messages an adequate appro- 
priation for State Exhibits, and also introduce suitable bills in the 



Minutes of the Third Session. 181 

Legislatures looking to this end, and that the Commissioners be Third scs- 

,, , , . ^ . • sioii— First 

allowed their expenses for transportation and subsistence for ^>^y- 
such time as the Director-General, with the approval of the Ex- 
ecutive Committee, may designate. 

It is desired that the Commissioners should also assist in 
carrying out some suitable plan for State Organization, at their 
earliest convenience, and to commence not later than the 15th of 
next month. 

Advisory Staff. 

As an additional and powerful means of securing the y^^y ""^luVp^JJ 
highest order of intelligence and experience to cooperate in the ^''^^^' 
management of the Columbian Exposition, I would respectfully 
request this committee to recommend to the Commission that an 
Advisory Board be created, to be known as an Advisory Staff to 
the Director-General, to be absolutely and purely honorary, the 
membership to be limited to five from this country and five from 
foreign countries, and that the members of said Board be nomi- 
nated by the Director-General and confirmed by the Executive 
Committee of the National Commission and by the Executive 
Committee of the Board of Directors. The requisites for nomi- 
nation to be distinguished reputation for experience and success 
in the management of great Expositions. 

I believe that such a courtesy bestowed upon the Directors- 
General of the Philadelphia Centennial and of the Paris Expo- 
sition, and upon similar officers in this and other countries, 
would cause a deeper interest to be taken by these officers in the 
success and welfare of this Exposition than all the pecuniary 
emoluments that could be offered to them. They have passed 
through the tremendous mental and physical effort of the man- 
agement of World's Expositions, and it is believed their wide 
field of information and their varied experience could be ob- 
tained by means of the courtesy proposed. 

Rules and Regulations. 

In view of the fact that the Classification is expected to be ^^poioS^ 
reported at this session and given to the public, I submit here- posiuon.'^' 
with blank forms, which I have had prepared in reference to 
applications for space, with general rules and regulations to be 
printed on the back, also circulars giving the general rules and 
regulations for the information of persons intending to exhibit. 

13 



182 World's Columbian Comviisslon. 

TMird s,H- One of the circulars is specially framed for the Foreign Exhib- 

8lon— First , . . . . . j ^ ^.u 

^^y- iters. Realizing the desire for uiformation in regard to the 
custom service, and what is necessary for them to do in order to 
avoid petty annoyances and delay, usually caused by not having 
the proper information, I have had a circular drafted to be sub- 
mitted to the Treasury, and, after making such changes as may 
be necessary to conform to the rulings of the Treasury Depart- 
ment, he will cause the same to be issued. We can then have 
certified copies printed in circular form to be forwarded to all 
Foreign Commissioners. 

The general rules are framed on the supposition that awards 
will be given. If awards are not given, that part referring to 
awards can be stricken out. 

These forms and circulars have been prepared for the con- 
sideration of the Executive Committee of the Commission; they 
should also receive the consideration of the Executive Commit- 
tee of the Board of Directors, and it is suggested that a special 
committee of two (2) from this Committee be appointed to meet 
a like committee of the Board of Directors to pass upon the 

same. 

Respectfully submitted, 

(Signed) George R. Davis, 

Director- General. 

A copy of a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, 
addressed to Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, relative to the use by 
the Foreign Affairs Committee of the appropriation of $20,000, 
made in Section 12 of the Act of Congress, was considered by 
the Committee and referred to a sub-committee consisting of 
Messrs. Britton, Sewell, and Thacher, for report thereon at a 
subsequent meeting of the Committee. 

This Sub-Committee has made report to the Executive 
Committee on the above and the resolution adopted by the 
Committee, in reference to the same, will be laid before the 
Commission in a subsequent report. 

The foregoing report contains all matters of importance that 
have been considered by the Executive Committee since the ad- 
journment of the last session of the Commission, September 23, 
1890, up to and including the meeting of the Executive Commit- 
tee on November 17, 1890, all of which is respectfully submitted. 

T. W. Palmer, 

C/inirman. 



tion. 



Minutes of the Tlilrd Session. 188 

Mr. Deere, of Illinois, Ciiairmaii of the Committee on Clas- Third ses- 

' ' Blon— UrsL 

sification, submitted the following report, accompanied by the °*^' 
printed classification, a copy of which was laid upon the desk 
of each member of the Commission. 

Report of the Committee on Classification. 

Chicago, HI., November i8, 1890. ^tKom- 

Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Com- riassifica- 
mission: 

Sir: The Committee on Classification beg to submit here- 
with its report of a system of classification for the World's 
Columbian Exposition. In preparing this report your Commit- 
tee has carefully examined the classifications used at all the great 
expositions previously held, and also had the valuable counsel 
and assistance of Prof. G. Brown Goode, of the Smithsonian 
Institution, of Prof. William P. Blake, of Connecticut, and 
many others. 

Your Committee believes that the departments and groups 
of this classification are sufficiently comprehensive to outline 
the plan and scope of the Exposition. 

The departments, groups, and classes have been prepared 
with special reference to convenience of installation, and to 
secure the proximity of kindred exhibits. 

In view of the great importance of this subject, your Com- 
mittee gave every detail of the matter its most careful consid- 
eration, and herewith respectfully submits the result of its labors. 

Charles H. Deere, Chairman^ Thoimas B. Keogh, 

William McClellanl>, Secretary^ Charlton H. Way, 

Lyman B. Goff, J no. D. Miles, 

Martin Ryan, H. P. Platt, 

M. H. i)E Young, Geo. F. Coats, 

Thos. L. Williams, A. S. Mercer, 

Thomas Smith, J. Hirst, 

Thos. E. Garvin. 

The foregoing report of the Committee on Classification 
was ordered to be printed in the minutes and to lie upon the 
table for future consideration. 

The Secretary submitted a letter regarding the formalities to 
be observed in making out vouchers for expenses and subsist- 
ence, which was ordered to lie upon the table for future consid- 
eration. 



184 Worhrs C(tlu'nthiaii Commission. 

n.ini fei-8- Secretary Dickinson submitted the following detailed report 

sion-Flrst i i • i 

^"y- of the expenses of the Commission, which was ordered printed 
in the minutes and referred, with its accompanying exhibits, 
to the Auditing Committee: 

Report of the Secretary. 

Chicago, November i8, 1890. 

^KS^of yo t^e Worhf s Columbian Commissioti: 
Kxpi-nses GENTLEMEN I Article Fourteenth of the By-Laws of this 

Com 
siuu. 



comiuis- Qonimission reads as follows: 



Reports oj Disbursements. 

" It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Commission, and 
of any and alf other officers thereof authorized or empowered to 
certify any account or voucher for expenses incurred in the work 
of the Commission, to report the same in detail, at least once a 
month, and before the tenth day thereof, to the Executive Com- 
mittee, and to make detailed reports of the same to this Commis- 
sion at each of its stated or special meetings, and not later than 
the third day of each meeting." 

In compliance with the foregoing By-Law, I have the honor 
to submit herewith a detailed report of all the expenses incurred 
in the work of this Commission, certified to by me from the date 
of the organization of the Commission, June 26, 1890, to 
November i, 1890. 

I also submit herewith a classification of these expenses in 
the form of exhibits, so far as it is practicable to do so. 

Exhibit A gives a list of the vouchers certified by me between 
the above dates, with the name of the payee and the amount. 

Exhibit B shows the distribution of these amounts under 
the heads of expenses of each session of the Commission; of 
each session of the Executive Committee, and of the other 
standing committees; the expenses of the several offices of the 
Commission; traveling expenses of Commissioners; subsistence 
of Commissioners; contingent expenses; furniture and fixtures, 
and printing. 

I would call the attention ol llie Comniissiuii lo an extract 
from Article Eighth of tlie By-Laws of the Commission, setting 
forth the duties of the Secretary, which reads as follows: 

"He shall keep all the accounts of the Commission, and 
certify the same to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment." 



Minifies of the Third Slesslon. 185 

Permit me further to state that the Secretary of the Treas- Third ses- 

, . , . , ... siou— First 

ury has issued a circular authorizing the Secretary of the Com- ^^y- 
mission to make this certification, and forwarded to my office the 
blank forms of vouchers which he directed to he used for trans- 
portation and subsistence expenses of Commissioners, and for 
all contingent expenses of the Commission, and also blank forms 
of pay-rolls for compensation of officers and employe's of the 
Commission. 

It is provided in these blank forms that the Secretary of the 
Commission' shall certify these accounts to the Treasury Depart- 
ment for payment. In pursuance of these instructions of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, and in compliance with the By-Laws 
of the Commission, I have undertaken to perform this duty 
according to the most systematic methods adopted for keeping 
accounts in the departments of the Government and by large 
corporations, and I believe that ultimately the economy and 
system inaugurated in my department will be thoroughly recog- 
nized and approved by the Commission. 

In conclusion, it may not be inappropriate to state that the 
Auditing Committee, of which Commissioner Garvin, of Indiana, 
is Chairman, are just completing a thorough examination of all 
the vouchers and accounts in the Secretary's office, of which the 
accompanying exhibits form an abstract. 

The Auditing Committee will make their report to the Com- 
mission after this report has been referred to them, and they 
will embody in that report the result of their investigation of 
the system adopted and the manner in which the accounts of 
the Commission are kept in the accounting department of the 
Secretary's office. 

I have the honor to be, 

Your obedient servant, 

Jno. T. Dickinson, 

Secretary. 

Mr. McKenzie offered the following resolution, which was 
adopted: 

Fesolved, That all resolutions relating to the question of 
the plans and location of buildings be referred without debate 
to the Standing Committee on Grounds and Buildings. 

Mr. Dickinson offered the following resolution, which was 
adopted: 



186 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- Resolved, That the Congressional World's Fair Committee 

8lon— First ° 

i>ay- and the United States Government Exhibit Board, now in this 
city, and the Board of Lady Managers and their alternates, and 
the officers and Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition 
Association of Chicago, be, and they are hereby invited to the 
privileges of the floor of the Commission during all sessions of 
the Commission, and that the first two rows of seats in the 2:al- 
lery of the Council Chamber are hereby reserved fur the use 
of invited guests of the parties above named and of the Com- 
missioners. 

Mr. Mercer, of Wyoming, offered the following resolution, 
which, under the resolution previously adopted, was referred to 
the Committee on Grounds and Buildings: 

Resolved^ That it is the sense of this Commission that in sub- 
mitting plans and specifications of buildings by the World's Co- 
lumbian Exposition, such submission ought to designate the site 
and location of each of such buildings; and, further, that in the 
judgment of this Commission no other buildings should be 
located on the Lake Front than the following: 

A Fine Art Building, to be located on the Lake Front. 

All other buildings shall be located on Washington Park, the 
Midway Plaisance, and Jackson Park, the main groups of build- 
ings to be located on Washington Park; the improved part of Jack- 
son Park and the Midway Plaisance to be used as approaches 
to the main exhibition on Washington Park, 

Resolved^ further y That the Directors of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition be requested to report plans in harmony with the 
above resolution, on or before November 21, 1890, unless they 
desire this Commission to report to the President that Chicago 
fails to offer a suitable site and the necessary buildings. 

Mr. de Young, of California, offered the following resolu- 
tion, which was ordered to lie upon the table and be printed for 
information: 

Whereas, The proposition for-a double site is repugnant to 
the experienced judgment and business sense of the entire 
world, and this Commission has been imposed upon by misre|)re- 
sentations on the part of certain members of the Chicago 
Directory, said misrepresentations being that they only desired 
to place the Fine Art Building and a gate-way to the main 



Minutes of the Third Session. 187 

Exposition on the Lake Front, in contradiction to which thev Third scs- 

... slon— First 

have shown their intentions at a recent meeting by the passage ^*">'- 
of a resokition fixing nine different features and eight buildings 
on the said Lake Front, and have also attempted to let the 
contracts for said buildings before this Commission should 
assemble again; while they have temporarily rescinded that 
action, at the request of their President, the National Commis- 
sion feel that they have been imposed upon and may be imposed 
upon again; therefore be it 

Resolved^ That the action of this Commission in accepting 
the various sites offered them was contrary to the spirit of the 
law directing them to accept a site; that such action is hereby 
rescinded, and that the Board of Directors of the World's 
Columbian Exposition be requested to immediately furnish this 
Commission with a site where the Exposition can be held as 
one exhibit. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, offered the following resolu- 
tion, which was adopted: 

Resolved^ That when this Commission adjourns it adjourn 
to meet to-morrow morning at lo o'clock, to sit until 12.30, at 
which time recess shall be taken until 2 o'clock p. m. The Com- 
mission shall reassemble at 2 o'clock and adjourn at 4 o'clock 
p. M., and so continue during the present session. 

The Commission then adjourned until 10 o'clock Wednes- 
day morning. 



Third Session— Second Day, Wednesday, 
November 19, 1890. 

The Commission met in the Council Chamber, City Hall, '^g!Jjf,_?|^p. 
Chicago, at 10 o'clock a. m. President Palmer in the chair. 
The roll was called, and the following Commissioners and 
Alternates were present: 

Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald ; Roii-caii. 
Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; Nebraska, 
R. W. Furnas, alternate; New York, G. W. Allen. 



ond Day. 



188 World) s Columbian Covimisslon. 

Third Ses- COMMISSIONERS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. A. T. 

elon-Sec 

Britton, I). Clagett, alternate. 

Commissioners of the States. — Alabama, G. L. Werth, 
alternate; Arkansas, J. I). Adams, 1\ H. Leslie, alternate; 
California, M. H. de Young, W. Forsyth; Colorado, R. E. 
Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff; Connecticut, L. IJrainard, T. M. Waller; 
Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turn- 
bull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C.H. Way; Idaho, J.E. Stearns; Illinois, 

C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; 
Iowa, W. F. King, J. Eiboeck, alternate; Kansas, C. K. Holliday, 
Jr., R. R. Price; Kentucky, J. Bennett, J. A. McKenzic; Louisiana, 

D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, A. R. Bixby, C. S. 
Edwards, alternate; Maryland, J. Hodges, L. Lowndes; Massachu- 
setts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; Min- 
nesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, 
R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene; Montana, A. H. Mitchell; 
Nebraska, Euclid Martin, A. G. Scott; Nevada, J. W. Haines, 
G. Russell; New Hampshire, W. Aiken, F. E. Kaley, alternate; 
New Jersey, W. J. Sewell, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, 
J. H. Breslin, alternate; North Carolina, T. B. Keogh; North 
Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, H. P. Piatt, W. Ritchie; 
Oregon, H. Klippel, M. Wilkins; Pennsylvania, W\ McClelland, 
J. W. Woodside; Rhode Island, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South 
Carolina, J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, alternate; South Dakota, 
S. A. Ramsey, L. S. Bullard, alternates; Tennessee, T. L. Will- 
iams, P>.. Strong, alternate; Texas, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, 
A. F. Walker, H, Atkins, alternates; Virginia, V. 1). Groner, 
J. T. Harris; Washington, H. Drum, C. V>. Hopkins; West \'ir- 
ginia, J. I). liutt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr., J. L. 
Mitchell; Wy.oming, A. S. Mercer, alternate. 

Commissioners of Territories. — Arizona, G. F. Coats ; 
New Mexico, R. M. White, L. C. Tetard, alternate; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J, I). Miles; Utah, F. J. Kiesel, P. H. Lannan. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, Chairman of the Committee on 
Tariffs and Transportation, submitted the following report, 
which was ordered to be printed and lie upon the table for 
future consideration: 



Miivfdes of the Third Session. 189 

Report of the ComiMittee on Tariffs and Transportation. Report of 

tlieCum- 

Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Com- Tariffs and 

Transpor- 

mission, Chicago, 111.: tation. 

Sir: Your Committee on Tariffs and Transportation have 
the honor to present the following report : 

Immediately after your announcing the members of this 
Committee, they met in the Pullman Building, in Chicago, and 
organized, electing Hon. H. P. Rucker, of North Dakota, as 
Secretary. After passing resolutions authorizing its Chairman 
to appoint sub-committees and to employ such clerical force as 
was necessary to conduct the business of the Committee, ad- 
journed subject to the call of its Chairman, \yith the understand- 
ing that the Chairman would immediately correspond with such 
departments of the Government and such railroad managers as 
would give this Committee all the preliminary information neces- 
sary to make reports to the Commission concerning matters of 
transportation sufficiently far in advance of the holding of the 
Exposition to enable exhibitors (both in this country and 
foreign countries) to know exactly the cost of transportation of 
their exhibits to and from the Exposition. While in the active 
discharge of these duties the Chairman of this Committee 
received a communication (addressed to him as Commissioner) 
from the Director-General, notifying this Committee of the ap- 
pointment of a Traffic Manager in charge of a " Bureau of 
Transportation," and inclosing a letter of appointment to this 
gentleman, which clearly superseded all the power and authority 
of this Committee, and the correspondence upon this subject has 
been made a part of this report. The following is the letter of 
the Director-General dated October nth, also copy of letter of 
the same date written by the Director-General to the gentleman 
appointed: 

Office of the Director-General, World's Columbian 

Exposition. 

Chicago, III., October n, 1890. 
Hon. ViRGiNius D. Groner, Commissioner, Norfolk, Va.: 

Dear General- I have the honor to state that I have ap- 
pointed Mr. E. E. Jaycox Traffic Manager, and have assigned 
him to duty as Chief of the Bureau of Transportation. 

Mr. Jaycox is familiar with the duties of such a position, 
having been in the railroad "service here for many years. The 



190 World\^ Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- railroad officials of this city generally indorse him, and as the 

ond Day. emergency was such that the Board of Directors of the Local 

Corporation unanimously requested the appointment and made 

provision for his salary and expenses, 1 deemed it wise to make 

the appointment. 

I would be glad to receive any information, advice, or sug- 
gestions relative to the Bureau or its business that you would be 
pleased to make. 

I inclose copy of the appointment for your information. 

Very truly yours, 

Geo. R. Davis. 

Office of the Director-General, World's Columbian 

Exposition. 
Chicago, III., October ii, 1890. 
Mr. Elbert E. Jaycox, Chicago, 111.: 

Sir: You are hereby appointed Traffic Manager for the 
Exposition, and assigned to duty as Chief of the Bureau of 
Transportation, reporting to this office. 

All orders, circulars, correspondence, and business of the 
Bureau will be transacted in the name of the Director-General, 
by you as Chief of the Bureau of Transportation. 

The officers. Executive Committees, and the Committees 
on Transportation of the Commission and of the Corporation 
will be requested to communicate with the Bureau through the 
office of the Director-General. 

Requisitions for employment of help, for supplies and ma- 
terial involving an expenditure of money, will be made upon this 
office to the end that such expenditure may be authorized by the 
Commission or the Corporation before the expense is incurred. 

Your compensation will be at the rate of five thousand dol- 
lars per annum, and will be paid by the Corporation upon certifi- 
cate of service from this office. 

Respectfully, 
(Signed) Geo. R. Davis, 

Director- Genera/. 

These communications were received at Norfolk on the 
evening of October the 15th. On the next day a telegram of 
))rotest was sent to the Director-General, which was confirmed by 
a letter addressed to him the same date by the Chairman of this 
Committee— a copy of which is herewith appended: 



Minutes of the Third Session. 191 

Office Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, Third seg. 

slon— Sec- 

World's Columbian Exposition. '^"*^ ^>»y- 

Norfolk, Va., October i6, 1890. 

Hon. Geo. R. Davis, Director-General World's Columbian 
Exposition, Pullman Building, Chicago: 

Dear Sir: Your letter of the nth inst. reached me last 
night. This morning 1 send you the following telegram: 
''Your letter of the nth received. The National Commission 
has authorized the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation to 
take charge of that portion of the business in their name. I 
protest against the assignment of the traffic management as far 
as the National Commission is concerned." 

1 must say that I am surprised that this action on your part 
was taken without first conferring with the Committee on Tariffs 
and Transportation. In your letter to Mr. Jaycox, a copy of 
which you send me, you informed him that he was appointed 
Traffic Manager in charge of Bureau of Transportation. By 
this action you would make the gentleman supersede the Com- 
mittee and its Chairman appointed by the National Commission. 
I do not propose to be factious, nor do I desire to claim author- 
ity which should not properly belong to the Committee, but I do 
not propose to yield those duties and privileges conferred by the 
National Commission; and 1 propose to discharge all its require- 
ments at the least possible expense, without regard to the action 
of the Local Corporation or yourself. I was only waiting for 
the authority to employ a stenographer to put this Committee in 
communication with all the transportation interests of this coun- 
try, and the lines of steamships running out of foreign ports 
whose countries desire to make exhibits. 

I was appointed Chairman of this Committee, so I was in- 
formed by President Palmer, on account of my peculiar fitness 
and ability as a transportation expert, and the Committee was 
selected with same view. I would refer you to him for further 
information upon this question. 

I had intended to communicate at the earliest possible mo- 
ment with the Local Corporation, requesting a conference of our 
Committee, at which we had hoped to have the pleasure of your 
presence in aiding us to a conclusion, which might have pre- 
vented a conflict of authority and greater economy. It seems to 
me that this would have been the better plan of procedure for the 
success of the Exposition. 1 regret exceedingly that this course 
was not followed. My action as Chairman of the Committee 



192 World's Columhmn Commission. 

Third st'8- on Titles and Local Facilities must have clearly demonstrated my 

8lon— Sec- , ■' 1 T 1 

ondDay. desiFc to occLipy a Conservative position as between the Local 
Corporation and the National Commission. I will do much to 
harmonize conflicting elements for the success of the F.xposition. 
The Commission, by the adoption of its By-Laws, gives to its stand- 
ing committees full power and control over the business which 
properly belongs to those committees. Changes in this direction 
can only be made by the action of the Commission and the altera- 
tion of those By-Laws. It certainly is not in the provinc e of the 
Director-General, nor was it ever intended that the Local Organ- 
ization should arbitrarily and summarily take such action as that 
noted by your communication. I have but an imperfect copy of 
the proceedings of the last few days of the Commission, but I 
see that a resolution was adopted conferring authority on the 
Director-General to sit with these different committees, and also 
making provision for conference between the committees of the 
National Commission and that of the Local Organization. It was 
therefore clearly the purpose of the Commission that no such 
power as you have attempted to exercise, should be authorized, 
the several standing committees having the authority to organize 
for the particular business pertaining to their special duties. I 
therefore protest, in the name of the Committee on Tariffs and 
Transportation, against the appointment of the Traffic Manager, 
as an officer of the National Commission, and at the head of the 
Bureau of this Committee. I hope you will see the propriety of 
it at once, informing Mr. Jaycox that his employment is by the 
Local Organization only. 

In conclusion, I desire to call your attention to that portion 
of your letter which invites individual Commissioners to an ap- 
proval of your policy as unfair to this Committee, they not 
having an opportunity of expressing their views to the individual 
Commissioners. Whilst I do not charge this to be your intention, 
it will have that effect unless you relieve them of any committal 
they may make upon this subject prior to having received com- 
munication from this Committee. If the Director-General is 
permitted in this case to have the authority he claims in this 
appointment, it will be but a short time before the whole power 
of the Commission is centralized, and there will be no necessity 
either for Committees or Commission. 1 do not wish to be mis- 
understood on this point. I am inclined to give the Director- 
General what power he should i)roperly possess, and strengthen 
his hand in every possible way. 



Minutes of the Tliird Session. 198 . 

While there is much due him, there is somethinir due the ''"'')••'' ^'-^ 
Committees of the National Board, and there is no reason why ""'^ ^'-^^ 
the authority should conflict. If the policy enunciated by the 
Commission is carried out, I have every reason to believe that 
all matters affecting the Local Organization, and also any mat- 
ters between the Director-General and the National Board, can 
be satisfactorily adjusted without trenching on rights provided 
for any interests involved. 

There has already been too much bickering. Those who 
are looking to the true interests of success can but deprecate 
any issues that are brought about by the assignment of the 
Traffic Manager. 

I will call the Committee together at Chicago some few 
days prior to the meeting of the Commission in November, when 
we will be glad to confer with you and the Local Management, 
and adjust all differences. 

Until a settlement is reached, I hope you will inform Mr. 
Jaycox that he is acting in the capacity for the Local Manage- 
ment, and not for the National Commission. 

Yours very truly, 
(Signed) V. D. Groner, 

Chairman Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. 

The Chairman of this Committee also sent the following tel- 
egram to President Palmer : 

" Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission, 
Chicago: 

" Committee on Tariffs and Transportation protest against 
the appointment of Traffic Manager by the Director-General anc 
Local Board. We ask the Executive Committee to defer action 
until Committee on Transportation can be heard. Local Board, 
of course, has the right to appoint whatever officers they please, 
but they should not be made officers of the National Commission, 
even though approved by Director-General, without first letting 
Committee have some option in the matter. 

(Signed) "V. D. Groj^er, 

''Chairman Committee on Tariffs and Tra7isportation, World's 

Columbian Exposition/' 

and sent still another telegram to the Hon. Euclid Martin, 
who was a member both of the Executive Committee and the 
Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. The minutes of the 
Executive Committee from September 17th (See page 64 of the 



194 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third Ses- "Official Minutes of the Executive Committee"), notwithstand- 
ondDay. \\\^ this protest, show that that Committee disregarded the re- 
quest of the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation to defer 
this matter until the meeting of the Commission, but it permitted 
Mr. Euclid Martin to spread u|)on its records his protest, as fol- 
lows : 

" I protest against the adoption of so much of the report of 
the Director-General as refers to the confirmation by the Execu- 
tive Committee of his appointment of E. E. Jaycox as Traffic 
Manager; not that I, in any manner, question the qualifications 
of Mr. Jaycox for filling the position, but for the following reasons: 

" First. That the appointment of a Traffic Manager by the 
Director-General, without consultation with either the Chairman 
of or the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, is contrary 
to the plan of the organization of the World's Columbian Com- 
mission as outlined by its action at the meetings held in this 
city in June and September, at which times the principle was 
clearly established that the work of conducting the Exposition, 
and the responsibility of same, was in the hands of the Commis- 
sion through its various Committees: 

"Second. For the reason that there was no such exigency 
existing as would warrant an exception being made of this particu- 
lar position, and that the selection at this time of a Traffic Man- 
ager, before the organization of the bureau which he is to serve, 
has the appearance of making an exception, and can not but be 
construed as lacking in courtesy to the Committee on Tariffs 
and Transportation. 

(Signed) ''Euclid Martin, 

''Member Committee on Tariffs and Transportation^ 

On the 31st of October this Committee, through its Chair- 
man, received a communication from the Director-General in an- 
swer to the protests they had made. This communication is 
herewith attached: 

Office of the Director-General, World's Columbian 

Exposition. 

Chicago, III., October 27, 1890. 
Hon. V. D. Groner, Chairman Committee on Tariffs and Trans- 
portation, Norfolk, Va.: 
My Dear Sir: I am in receipt of your telegram of the i6th 
inst., and also of your letter of same date, relative to the 



Minutes of the Third Session. 195 

appointment of Traffic Manager for the Exposition. Pressing Tim.i sen- 

1 1-111 sion -Sec- 

engagements have prevented an earher acknowledgment. oua Day. 

As I stated in my communication to you of the nth inst., I 
believed that a necessity existed for some action on the part of 
the Commission, and it was believed by me that the Commission 
had conferred sufficient authority upon this office to take such 
action, if the emergency demanded it, subject to the approval of 
the Executive Committee. 

The Chairman of the Committee was not here and the 
Committee had not met to my knowledge, and I was informed 
did not propose to meet until the middle of November. 

The suggestion you raise that the Local Corporation could 
appoint such officers, if it wished, was the point upon which this 
issue came to my notice. The Local Board, by one of its Stand- 
ing Committees, did appoint, as far as it could, Mr. Jaycox as 
Traffic Manager for the World's Columbian Exposition (this is 
the name under which the Local Board is incorporated), and 1 
was officially notified to that effect. To this I made protest in 
the name of the National Commission, as its Executive Officer, 
and claimed that dual heads of departments could not be ap- 
pointed without jeopardizing the best interests of the Exposi- 
tion; that the Commission through its proper officers should 
make such appointments. 

The Local Corporation then proceeded in the Ime sug- 
gested, made the necessary record for the payment of a Traffic 
Manager, and for the incidental expenses of his office, and di- 
rected by a vote of its full board that Mr. Jaycox be recom- 
mended to the Director-General for appointment. The Local 
Corporation on the 9th of September authorized the appointment 
of a Traffic Manager. It was at that time deemed necessary by 
said Corporation, but the work was not commenced as contem- 
plated, and hence the delay. 

I doubt the desirability and the practicability of your sugges- 
tion, " the Local Management can appoint whatever officers 
they may desire." I believe it to be much to the interest of the 
Exposition that these officers be appointed by the proper officers 
of the Commission. 

It was represented that such an officer was required imme- 
diately. The Committee on Tariffs and Transportation was dis- 
tributed through sixteen States; would not assemble until middle 
of November. I deemed it wise and in the interest of the Expo- 



196 World's Columbian Commission. 

Tinrrtj^l^s- sition to make this appointment, subject to the approval of the 
unci Day. Executivc Committee. 

If authority is not vested in the Director-General to act in 
an emergency for the Commission, it ought to be. 

Mr. Jaycox was appointed Traffic Manager for the Exposi- 
tion, and assigned to duty as Chief of the Bureau. 

I wish to disclaim any attention of ignoring you or your 
Committee, also of any personal interest in the appointment. 

On the day of the appointment I directed a communication 
to you upon the subject and forwarded copy of the letter of 
appointment. In the hurry of my work I neglected to address 
you as Chairman of the Committee, to which you call my atten- 
tion. That was an oversight, for the letter was intended for 
the Chairman, and no other member of the Committee was com- 
municated with. 

Very truly yours, 

Geo. R. Davis, Director -General. 

The Chairman of this Committee deemed it best to defer 
further correspondence regarding this matter until he could lay 
all the information before his Committee, which was to meet in 
Chicago on the 17th of November. At this meeting this Com- 
mittee indited a communication to the Director-General, which 
sets forth some of the work accomplished by the Committee on 
Tariffs and Transportation. They also .passed resolutions 
regarding the action of the Director-General in appointing the 
Traffic Manager. You will find a copy of the communication 
and resolutions, above referred to, next attached: 

Chicago, III., November 17, 1890. 
Hon. George R. Davis, Director-General World's Columbian 
Exposition, Chicago, 111.: 

Mv Dear Sir: Your letter of October 27th, in answer to 
my communication of October i6th, reached me in due time, but 
inasmuch as the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation would 
meet at a very early date, I deferred answering until I referred 
your letter to the Committee, that I might officially express their 
views upon the question contained in your communication. 
However, before proceeding I desire to state some of the work 
this Committee has performed in the discharge of what they con- 
ceived to be their duty under the authority of the National C\)m- 
mission. 

Article 10 of the r.\ Laws, relating to Standing (\)mmit- 
tees, says.: 



Minutes of the Third Session. 197 

"Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, consisting of Third ses- 

. . slon— 8ec- 

sixteen Commissioners, shall have consideration of all matters ondDay. 
relating to tariffs, bonding and releasing of goods, and the 
transportation of goods that may be referred to them by the 
National Commission, in conjunction with such officers of the 
Treasury as may be appointed." 

The foregoing clearly defines the authority and power of 
the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. This Committee, 
deeming the question of "bonding and releasing of goods" 
one of the most important to be solved, at the earliest possible 
date proceeded to communicate with the Secretary of the 
Treasury, and its Chairman personally waited upon Secretary 
Windom, to learn how far the Act of Congress establishing this 
Commission authorized assistance from that department of the 
Government as to this very important question, which had cost 
the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition (as I have learned) much 
trouble and delay. The Secretary of the Ti'easury met the 
Chairman of this Committee, and at once directed one of the 
principal officers of his department to examine the legal aspects 
of the question and to give this Committee early information 
upon this point, and he (the Secretary) expressed a desire to do 
all in his power to aid the Committee and the Exposition. He 
said if the Act of Congress did not sufficiently cover the wants 
and desires of the Commission that recommendations would be 
made at the next meeting of Congress for further required 
legislation. 

The Chairman of this Committee had communicated with 
the Inter-State Commission concerning the rights of railroads to 
transport exhibits at greatly reduced rates without discriminating 
against other consignees over the same lines of roads. The 
Inter-State Commission referred this Committee to Section 22 
of "An Act to Regulate Commerce," w^hich says: "Nothing in 
this act shall prevent the carriage, storage, or handling of 
property free, or at reduced rates, for the United States, State, 
or Municipal Governments, or for charitable purposes, or to or 
from fairs, expositions for exhibition thereat, etc." 

The Inter-State Commissioners were clearly of the opinion 
that this act permitted railroads to give schedules of rates Xon'j^ 
enough in advance of the Exposition for every exhibitor, both in 
this country and in foreign countries, to know at least a year 
ahead of the Exposition what the cost of transportation would 

14 



198 World's Columbia)! Commission. 

Third se,. be to their exhibits. At such time as was pr.^per, this Committee 
^'o°dV:r- .vould have communicated with the State Department with a 
view of asking the aid of foreign Consulates in disseminatmg 
this traffic information. We had also communicated with the 
Inter-State Commission as to the right of railroads to grant to 
the Commission, or to the Committees (and more especially to 
those connected with the charge of transportation), free annual 
tickets or passes, with a view to saving the Government traveling 
expenses They had received in reply a letter from Commissioner 
Bra<ro- (who had consulted with Judge Cooley, its Chairman, and 
otheTcommissioners) to the effect that the present law would 
not permit an action of this kind on the part of the railroads, but 
that they would recommend advising a joint act of Congress au- 
thorizing this power. This was done after consulting with several 
trunk line presidents, who were willing and desirous of extend- 
ing courtesies in this direction. 

We had communicated with the Postmaster-General, who 
had referred the communication to his legal adviser to learn it 
the Commissioners were such officers of the Government as 
would enable them to avail themselve? of the cheaper rates of 
telegraphing enjoyed by other officers of the Government, 
thereby saving the Government all the expense in this direction 
that was possible. All this was done without one dollar of 
expense to the Government. 

The Sub-Committees of this Committee, in their respective 
localities, without cost or expense, had communicated with rail- 
road managers, and the work of the Committee was steadily 
nroeressing in the most satisfactory manner; in fact, everything 
had been done by this Committee that could have been accom- 
plished at this early date. 

Now a controversy having arisen in reference to the 
appointment of a Traffic Manager by you, I called a special 
meeting of the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, in 
order to lay before them the entire matter, which was done and 
taken up with the regular business on the .7th day of Novem- 
ber 1890, and the sense of the Committee resolved itself into the 
following resolutions, which I take pleasure in submitting. 

V. D. Groner, Chairman. 

Resolved, That the following resolutions express the senti- 
ment of the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation regard- 



Minutes of the Third Session. 199 

ing the assumption of authority by Director-General Davis in Tinxi ses- 
his appointment of a Traffic Manager, on'a "olr 

That Article Nine of the By-Laws, as amended, on page 133 
of the Official Manual of the World's Columbian Commission, 
which reads as follows: 

"It shall also be his duty (the Director-General's) and privi- 
lege to attend all meetings of any of the Standing Committees 
for the purpose of suggestion and conference, and to the end 
that all the agencies of the Commission may be rendered more 
efficient," 

clearly defines what should have been the action of the Director- 
General ; therefore the Director-General, in creating the office of 
Traffic Manager, assumed powers which he did not possess. 

Resolved, That Article Ten, page 159 of the Official Manual 
of the World's Columbian Commission, showing the powers of 
the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, which reads as 
follows: 

''Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, consisting of 
sixteen members, which shall have consideration of all matters 
relating to tariffs, bonding and releasing of goods, and the trans- 
portation of goods that may be referred to them by the National 
Commission, in conjunction with such officers of the Treasury 
as may be appointed," 

gives the same clear and explicit definition of the power and 
authority of the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. 

Resolved, That in making this issue the Director-General is 
establishing a precedent which would be disastrous to the Ex- 
position, make its success problematical, and result in the cen- 
tralization of power in the Local Organization, which is mani- 
festly contrary to the spirit, intents, and purposes of the Act 
creating this Commission. 

Resolved, That we firmly and positively protest against this 
assumption of power and authority on the part of the Director- 
General and Local Board. 

Resolved, That in the event of the Commission sitting in 
session and officially indorsing the act of the Director-General, 
the effect will be the absorption of the functions of this Com- 
mittee by the Local Board, thereby making the existence of the 
Committee on Tariffs and Transportation unnecessary. 

Resolved, That, while regretting the necessity which compels 
us to express ourselves in so positive a manner, we do not see 
that Ihere is any other course left open to us consistent with the 



200 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third ses. dignity of the position we occupy as members of the World's 
ond Day. Columbian Commission. 

(Signed) V. D. Groner, Chairman^ 

H. P. RucKER, Secretary, 
Jno. D. Adams, 
Lewis C. Tetard, 
M. H. Lane, 
J. W. Haines, 
Lloyd Lowndes, 
Walter Aiken, 
Gardiner C. Sims, 
Euclid Martin, 
L. Brainard, 
And letters from A. B. Andrews and O. R. Hundley indors- 
ing the action of this Committee. 

Mr. Mercer, of Wyoming, offered the following resolution, 
which was referred, under the rule, to the Committee on Judi- 
ciary, Rules, and By-Laws: 

Resolved, That a standing committee, to consist of six mem- 
bers, be appointed, to be known as thfe Committee on Music. 

Mr. de Young, of California, offered the following resolu- 
tion, which was referred, under the rule, to the Committee on 
Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws: 

Resolved, That a Committee of six Commissioners be 
appointed by the President, to be known as the Committee of 
the Press and Advertising. The duties of the said Committee 
shall be the organization of a Bureau to take charge of the 
advertising of the Exposition and all dealings with the Press. 

(Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, in the chair.) 

Mr. Mercer, at the request of the Board of Agriculture of 

the State of Illinois, submitted the following communication, 

which was read, ordered printed, and referred to the Committee 

on Grounds and Buildings: 

Agricultural and Allied Industries at the World's 

Fair. 

The Illinois State Board of Agriculture at its regular meet- 
ing to-day passed the following preamble and resolution, to 
which the attention of all kindred organizations and of all others 
interested is respectfully called: 



Minutes of the Third Session, 201 

Whereas, The Board of Directors of the Local Corporation Third sea- 

' ^ 8lon— Sec- 

of the World's Columbian Exposition, charged with the duty of o^tiDay. 
presenting to the National Commission a site, together with plans 
and specifications for the necessary Exposition buildings for the 
World's Fair of 1893, has decided to so present the following as 
the basis of a partial site and partial distribution of buildings and 
departments upon the Lake Front, asking approval and adop- 
tion thereof by said National Commission, to wit: 

Resolved, That it is the sense of this Board of Directors that 
there should be located upon the Lake Front these items of the 
Exposition: 

1. The Art Exhibit Building, which shall contain all oil- 
paintings, water-colors, engravings, and statuary that shall be 
exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

2. The Decorative Art Building, which shall contain all 
jewelry, diamonds, watches, gold and silver ornaments, clocks, 
bronzes, embroideries, tapestries, rugs, Persian carpets, china, 
bric-a-brac, gold and silver ware, and all other articles intended 
for the decoration of the person, table, or house that shall be 
exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

3. I'he building in which shall be displayed the exhibit of 
electrical appliances and devices. 

4. Government departmental exhibits, including exhibits 
from the State Department, Treasury Department, War Depart- 
ment, Navy Department, Interior Department, Post-Office Depart- 
ment, Department of Justice, Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museums, and Fish and Fisheries Department. 

5. Musical Hall. 

6. The Water Palace, if any. 

7. A portion of certain miniature villages and settlements 
of curious nationalities, such as Indian, Egyptian, Persian, Cen- 
tral African, Chinese, Japanese, Armenian, Russian, and others. 

8. An aquarium building. 

9. An electric fountain and other exhibits analogous to the 
foregoing, or supplementary thereto, and necessary to make the 
Lake Front exhibition equal in interest and attractiveness to the 
other portions of the Fair. 

Whereas, The plan of distribution as outlined above con- 
templates a dismemberment of the World's Fair not only unnec- 
essary and utterly unjustifiable, but involves a reckless, if not 
culpable, disregard of the interests which we represent, and 



202 WorUrs Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- which form the very basis of all civilization, progress, culture, 

8lon— Sec- -^ . ' I- o J 7 

ondDay. ^nd wealth of nations and people in every department of human 
activity; and, 

Whereas, The Law of Congress organizing the National 
World's Fair Commission invests that Commission with pUtiary 
powers of approval and rejection in all matters pertaining to site, 
' buildings, and conduct of said Fair, in general and detail, thus 
charging the Commission with a responsibility to the people 
which can not be modified, and from which there is no honor- 
able escape; therefore, 

Resolved, That the Illinois State Board of Agriculture, in the 
name of agriculture and its allied industries throughout the 
world, confidently appeal to the intelligent appreciation, pure 
motives, and perfect good faith of our National Commission to 
prevent any dismemberment whatever of the departments of the 
proposed Fair, and t?t any eveiit and at a?iy cost, to avert the dis- 
grace and disaster which, under any such plan as quoted above, 
or any approach to it, would, in our deliberate judgment, be 
inevitable, 
comminee^ Mr. Masscy, of Delaware, arose to a question of privilege, 

ExpemiT- and read a resolution of the Executive Committee, adopted 

tares o f . 

Tuesday, November i8, 1890, directing the President and Secre- 
tary not to certify any voucher for expenditures by the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Affairs without further authority from the 
Commission. 

Mr. Massey discussed the subject at length, and was fol- 
lowed by Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, who also stated a question 
of personal privilege, and offered the following resolution: 

Resolved^ . That in the opinion of this Commission the 
Foreign Affairs Committee have taken no action nor made any 
expenditure justifying the resolution of the Executive Com- 
mittee notifying the President and Secretary of this Commission 
not to indorse any bills or vouchers of the Foreign Affairs Com- 
mittee until further authorized by the Commission. 

Vice-Chairman McKenzie, on behalf of the Executive Com- 
mittee, deprecated the suggestion that the resolution of that 
Committee implied any reflection upon the methods and pur- 
poses of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 

The discussion was continued at length. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 203 

Mr. Allen, of New York, offered the following as a substi- Third ses- 
tute for the resolution of Mr. Waller: *^" *^' 

Whereas, A serious if not grave misunderstanding has 
arisen between our Executive Committee and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs; therefore be it 

Resolved, That the Executive Committee be requested either 
to expunge the important resolution from its proceedings of 
yesterday, or by resolution disavow all intention of affront or 
disrespect to their associate Commissioners comprising the Com- 
mittee on Foreign Affairs. 

Mr. Waller accepted the substitute. 

Mr. Harris, of Virginia, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the resolution of the gentleman of New 
York be referred to the Executive Committee, with instructions 
to act and report at the evening session of the Commission. 

Mr. Waller moved that his resolution, as amended by Mr. 
Allen, and the resolution of Mr. Harris, be laid upon the table 
temporarily. 

The motion was unanimously carried. 

The hour of 12 o'clock having arrived, the Commission took 
a recess. 



The Commission reassembled at 2 o'clock p. m. Vice- 
President Waller in the chair. 

Mr. Massey, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, sub- 
mitted the following report, which was read, ordered printed 
in the Official Minutes, and laid upon the table as the first order 
of business for 11 o'clock, Thursday, November 20th: 

Report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 

The Foreign Affairs Committee begs to report that, imme- ^'"ihe^^com- 
diately following its constitution, it held its first meeting in the ForSgn*" 
City of Chicago on September 19, 1890, at which were present 
all its members save the Chairman, and that it was duly organ- 
ized by the election of Honorable Thomas M. Waller, of Con- 
necticut, as Vice Chairman. That the second meeting of the. 
Committee was held in the City of Chicago on the 20th of Sep- 
tember, at which were present Messrs. Wm. T. Baker (Chair- 
man), J. W. Ellsworth, T. J. Lefens, H. M. Higinbotham, and M. 



204 WorW s Columbian Commission. 

Third See- A. Rycrson, composing the Committee on Foreign Exhibits of 
ondDay the World's Columbian Exposition, who were so present by the 
express invitation of your Committee for the purpose of general 
conference relative to the work common to both committees, 
and to the end that the operations of each should be so prose- 
cuted and conducted as to conduce to absolutely harmonious 
action and secure the most satisfactory and substantial results. 
And the Committee of the Illinois Corporation was then duly 
apprised of the general purpose and policy of your Committee 
to act in concert with it, so that friction and controversy might 
be avoided and the best results attained; your Committee, never- 
theless, not intending thereby to be understood as in anywise 
abdicating or surrendering any of its legitimate powers or lawful 
functions. 

In view of the limited opportunity afforded, at this Chicago 
meeting, to be apprised of the steps which had been theretofore 
taken by the Committee of the Chicago Corporation in the line 
of foreign work, your Committee deemed it advisable to adjourn 
to meet in New York City, where the permanent headquarters of 
the Committee had been, by its resolution pursuant to the au- 
thority conferred by the Commission, established, and accord- 
ingly invited the said Committee of the Illinois Corporation, or 
as many of them as could make it convenient to attend, to be 
present at the meeting of your Committee then contemplated to 
be held at the Gilsey House in the City of New York, on the 
2 2d day of October, 1890. 

Your Committee accordingly held sessions in the City of 
New York on the 22d, 23d, and 24th of October, and at these 
several meetings the Foreign Exhibits Committee of the Illinois 
Corporation were represented by its Chairman, Mr. Baker, and 
Messrs. Ellsworth, Ryerson, and Lefens, who participated very 
fully in the discussion relative to the general work to be pursued 
in foreign countries, and the best medium of securing the results 
desired at a minimum of cost. 

At these meetings it was communicated to your Committee 
that the Committee of the Illinois Corporation, in view of the 
conventional delays and difficulties necessarily incident to the 
prosecution of the work in Japan and China, had conceived it 
advisable, in order that interest in these countries should be 
aroused in the World's Fair, and that a desirable and comprehen- 
sive line of exhibits, such as are likely to be found only in these 
localities, might be the more speedily obtained, to send, under 



Minutes of the Third Session. 205 

the auspices of that Committee, agents to Japan and China, re- Third ses- 
spectively, and had accordingly sent Mr. Gustavus Goward to "QdDay. 
Japan, and Mr. Romyn Hitchcock to China. 

They also represented to your Committee that they had had 
under careful consideration a plan which had been formulated 
and submitted to them by Professor Cyrus Adler, of Johns 
Hopkins University, comprehending a general collection of 
most interesting exhibits from Turkey, Egypt, Syria, and Persia; 
that this plan had received the unqualified indorsement of their 
Committee, and that they had, in fact, employed Professor Adler 
to execute it. 

They further advised your Committee that they had also 
had under consideration a scheme originated and submitted by 
Mr. Wm. E. Curtis, of the State Department, looking to the most 
available method of arousing interest in the Exposition among 
the Latin-American Republics, and of securing a comprehensive 
line of exhibits from that territory; and that this scheme had 
likewise received the unanimous approval and indorsement of 
that Committee. 

As to all these several schemes and undertakings, it was 
expressly stated to your Committee, that all expenses incident 
thereto or arising therefrom had been provided for and would 
be, in fact, paid out of the funds of the Illinois corporation, and 
they desired your Committee to approve the said schemes and 
methods, and make such recommendation to the Commission 
touching the same as would recognize these several schemes as 
agencies of the Commission, and would clothe the several agents 
with the proper and lawful authority as duly accredited represent- 
atives of the Commission to the several countries to which they 
were respectively assigned. 

Your Committee, after a careful investigation of these sev- 
eral schemes, and in view of the express recommendation of the 
Committee of the Illinois Corporation, and the unqualified under- 
taking of that Committee to provide all funds necessary to 
defray the expenses thereof, determined that they ought to be 
officially sanctioned, and in this behalf your Committee heartily 
recommend the adoption of such resolution by the Commission 
as will fully approve the same, and the issue to the several agents 
or Commissioners hereinbefore designated, of such commissions 
or letters of appointment as, in the judgment of the Commission, 
can properly be issued. And they would further recommend 
that the President of the Commission officially communicate 



206 WorlcTs Columbian Comviission. 

Third ses- with the Sccretarv ol State to the end that these several a2:ents 

8ion— 8ec- ' , 

ondDay. may be at least semi-officially accredited by the Government of 
the United States, to the respective foreign governments with 
which, in the course of their mission, they must necessarily be 
brought in contact. And your Committee would further recom- 
mend that the Judiciary Committee be instructed to consider 
and report such form of letter of authority or commission as 
ought to be issued to these several agents. 

In connection with the plan originated by Mr. Curtis, your 
Committee would respectfully suggest that it is thereby con- 
templated that officers of the army and navy may be detailed for 
important services in connection therewith, and your Committee 
beg to recommend that the Commission request the President of 
the United States to cause such details to be made from the 
army and navy as may be necessary to properly effect the same. 

In order to provide against delays which may arise in the 
forwarding of foreign exhibits, your Committee were greatly 
impressed with the necessity of establishing a dispatch agency 
at the port of Xew York, and providing for the appointment of 
a competent agent to have charge thereof; and, after careful 
inquiry and investigation, your Committee were thoroughly sat- 
isfied that no more efficient agent could have been employed 
than the late Mr. Haughwout Howe, and your Committee, 
recognizing that anything relating to the subjects of traffic and 
transportation were peculiarly within a province and prerogative of 
the Standing Committee of the Commission having charge of the 
subject, recommended to that Committee, through its Chairman, 
Hon. V, D. Groner, that Mr. Howe's appointment as such dis- 
patch agent should be considered by his Committee and favora- 
bly reported to the Commission. The untimely death, however, 
of Mr. Howe, has deprived that Committee of the opportunity of 
securing and availing itself of the benefits of his experience. 

Your Committee received and filed numerous applications 
and recommendations, referred to it from the headquarters of 
the Commission, of persons desiring to be employed in the fur- 
therance of the interests of the Exposition in divers foreign coun- 
tries; but, recognizing that there are no funds now available to 
defray the expenses necessarily incident to such service, your 
Cornmittee declined to take any action respecting the same, not- 
withstanding it is obviously important that such agencies should 
be set in motion as early as practicable, if any comprehensively 
representative exhibit is to be secured generally from foreign 
nations. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 207 

It was the opinion of your Committee that the appropriation Third ses- 
of $20,000, provided by Section 12 of the Act of Congress, was ou^Day. 
available for the employment of such agencies, but your Com- 
mittee, in order to avoid any possible controversy in that behalf, 
deemed it prudent to address to the Secretary of the Treasury 
the following letter: 

Headquarters Foreign Affairs Committee of the 
- World's Columbian Commission, 

GiLSEY House, 
New York, October 24, 1890. 
Hon. William Windom, Secretary of the Treasury, Washing- 
ton, D. C: 
Sir: In conformity with the direction contained in 'a resolu- 
tion this day adopted by the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the World's Columbian Commission (a copy whereof is herewith 
transmitted), I have the honor to address you, on behalf of that 
Committee, in order to ascertain your views as to the availa- 
bility of the special appropriation of $20,000, made by 
Section 12 of the Act of Congress, approved April 25, 1890, 
for the defrayal of the cost and expenses of such agencies and 
instrumentalities as may be lawfully employed by said Commit- 
tee, for the purpose of arousing the interest of foreigners in the 
Exhibition, and thereby securing the most desirable and attract- 
ive lines of foreign goods for admission thereto. 

In view of the fact that by the express terms of the section 
referred to, the appropriation is available during the current fiscal 
year^ and also that it is ''to be expended under the direction of 
the Secretary of the Treasury for purposes connected with the 
admission of foreign goods to said Exhibition,'' the Committee 
strongly incline to the conclusion that the intent of Congress, in 
providing this special appropriation, was that it should be util- 
ized in the manner indicated by the Committee's inquiry, but is 
unwilling to make any recommendation to the Commission in the 
premises until the views of the Secretary of the Treasury touch- 
ing the matter shall have been first obtained. 

Will you be pleased to favor the Committee with an answer 
to the inquiry hereinbefore stated as early as convenient. 
I have the honor to be. 

Your obedient servant, 
(Signed) Chauncey M. Depew, 

Chairman Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 

World's Columbian CofJimission. 



Commit- 
tee. 



208 Worlcfs Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- And this has evoked from that officer the following reply: 

slon— Sec- 

*^* Treasury Department, 

Office of the Secretary, 
Washington, D. C, November 13, 1890. 

Hon. Chauncey M, Depew, Chairman Committee on Foreign 
Affairs, World's Columbian Commission: 
Appropria- ^iR: I am in receipt of your letter of October 24th ultimo, 

ibiefor"' submitting a resolution of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 
Affairs^ World's Columbian Commission, which reads as follows, viz.: 

''Resolved, That the Chairman of this Committee be requested 
and authorized to address a communication, on behalf of the 
Committee, to the Secretary of the Treasury, propounding the 
inquiry whether the special appropriation of $20,000, made by 
Section 12 of the Act of Congress, approved April 25, 1890, is 
available in defraying the expenses of such agencies and instru- 
mentalities as may be employed by this Committee in the prose- 
cution of its efforts to secure exhibits from foreign countries 
for the Exhibition." 

In reply, I have to advise you that I have fully considered 
the subject-matter of your communication. Section 12 of the 
Act of Congress, approved April 25, 1890, is as follows: " That 
the sum of $20,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, 
and the same is hereby appropriated for the remainder of the 
present fiscal year and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, 
to be expended, under the direction of the Secretary of the 
Treasury, for purposes connected with the admission of foreign 
goods to said Exhibition." 

If the World's Columbian Commission desires to employ 
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1891, any agents to visit 
foreign countries, or any agencies for purposes connected with 
the admission of foreign goods for exhibition at the World's 
Columbian Exposition, to be held in 1893, I will approve such 
expenditures as may be made in connection therewith, not to 
exceed the amount named in Section 12 of the Act, upon the 
presentation of proper vouchers, to be approved by yourself and 
the President or Secretary of the Commission. 

Respectfully yours, 
(Signed) A. B. Nettleton, 

Acting Secretary, 

It is therefore apparent that this sum of $20,000 is now 
clearly available to defray the cost and expenses of any agents 



Minutes of the Third Session. 209 

who may be employed by the Commission to visit foreign coun- Third ses- 
tries, or of any agencies employed for purposes connected with ondDay. 
the admission of foreign goods for exhibition; and your Com- 
mittee would respectfully recommend that authority be ex- 
pressly conferred upon it to make such judicious expenditure of 
this fund in the direction referred to as will, in its judgment, be 
the most highly promotive of the success of the foreign depart- 
ment of the Exhibition. 

The foregoing report having been submitted to the full 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, at a meeting held in Chicago on 
the nineteenth day of November, 1890, the same was unani- 
mously approved, and the Committee directed its submission to 
the Commission. 

Attest: Geo. V. Massey, 

Secretary. 

Mr. Martindale, Chairman of the Committee on Grounds 
and Buildings, submitted the following report, which was read, 
ordered printed in the Official Minutes, and laid upon the table 
as the second order of business for 11 o'clock, Thursday: 

Report of the Committee on Grounds and Buildings. 

To the President and Coi7imissioners of the World's Columbian 
Commission: 

The undersigned Committee on Grounds and Buildings, ap- ^^P^,'2^^f 
pointed under Section 10 of the By-Laws, which provides ''that fngscom^* 
this Committee shall have charge and supervision of the grounds ™"'^*^^- 
and buildings in so far as the Commission may lawfully exercise 
authority over the same; and shall also examine and report to 
the Commission as to the provision made by the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition for such buildings," would respectfully report 
that the Committee was called together by the authority of the 
President of the Commission assembling in Chicago on the 14th 
inst., and on invitation of a sub-committee of the Committee 
on Grounds and Buildings of the Chicago Directory have met 
with their sub-committee in conference in reference to the scope 
and character of the buildings to be placed upon the Lake Front 
and those to be placed in South Park. 

By the fifth section of the Act of Congress the National 
Commission is " empowered in its discretion to accept for the pur- 
poses of the World's Columbian Exposition such site as may be 
selected and offered and such plans and specifications of build- 



210 WorWs Columbian Commission. 

^8ion-sec ^'^^^ ^^ ^^ erected for such purpose at the expense of and ten- 
ondDay. clcrcd by the Corporation organized under the laws of the State 
of Illinois, known as ' The World's Exposition of eighteen 
hundred and ninety-two:' Provided, That said site so tendered 
and the buildings proposed to be erected thereon shall be 
deemed by said Commission adequate to the purposes of said 
Exposition." 

The power herein conferred on the Commission is limited 
to the acceptance or rejection of such site as may be selected 
and offered, and such plans and specifications of buildings to be 
erected thereon as may be tendered by the Directory. The sites 
heretofore selected and offered by the Directory have been 
promptly accepted by the Commission. The Washington Park 
site, selected and offered by the Directory and accepted by the 
Commission on the 23d day of September last, was recognized 
by both the Commission and Directory as a compromise meas- 
ure, it being understood that a Fine Art Building (which by our 
classification includes decorative art), a Music Hall, and Elec- 
trical display, meaning nightly display, might be placed upon tlie 
Lake Front, and that the remainder of the Fair should go to 
Washington and Jackson Parks, and it was further understood 
that the Directory would rent the Washington Club Park for at 
least August, September, and October for use in the Live Stock 
display. By this arrangement, biinging'the Live Stock show on 
Washington Club Park in close proximity to the main buildings 
on Washington Park, the Live Stock men became reconciled to 
a division of the Exposition, and it was the subject of congrat- 
ulations among not only the Commission and Directory, but by 
the country at large. The following is a statement of the action 
of the Commission, the l^irectory, and the South Park Commis- 
sioners in connection with the selection, presentation, and ac- 
ceptance of Washington Park as a site: 

On the 20th of September the National Commission passed, 
by a unanimous vote, the following resolution : 

'■'■Resolved, That in the opinion of this Commission one single 
site for the World's Columbian Exposition is especially desirable; 
it is also especially desirable that a part of such site should 
border upon the lake; that in the opinion of this Commission 
the Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition may procure 
and present to this Commission the most desirable site by 
adopting Washington Park, the Midway Plaisance, and that part 
of Jackson Park lying south of the north line of the Midway 



Minutes of the Third Session. 211 

Plaisance, extended through to the lake, together with the Wash- Third sen- 

gj(){] B6C* 

ington Park Club for live stock and speed exhibits; that, while ondDay. 
we do not at this time reconsider our action accepting Jackson 
Park and the Lake Front, we respectfully but earnestly request 
the Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition to procure 
and present to this Commission the single site above outlined," 

This resolution was placed in the hands of the Chicago 
Directory late on Saturday, the 20th of September, and on 
Monday, the 226, the Directory passed the following resolutions: 

" Whereas, The Commissioners of the Columbian Exposi- 
tion have requested this Board to obtain, if possible, from the 
South Park Board a tender of Washington Park for Exposition 
purposes; and, 

" Whereas, This Board concurs with the honorable Com- 
missioners in the belief that the use of Washington Park is 
essential to the full and complete presentment of the Exposition 
in a manner convenient to the public; and, 

''Whereas, This Board has, by its Committee appointed for 
the purpose, again presented to the South Park Commissioners 
the necessity for a tender of Washington Park in addition to the 
area already tendered by them, which necessity the Commis- 
sioners have recognized by resolutions duly adopted; therefore, 

^'Resolved^ That, in the opinion of this Board, the honor of 
Chicago and the necessities of the Exposition alike require the 
adoption of Washington Park as an important part of the site for 
the Columbian Exposition. 

''Resolved, That a copy of this be sent to the South Park 
Board, and to the Columbian Exposition Commissioners, as a 
declaration of the view of this Directory upon this subject." 

These resolutions were, on the 2 2d, placed before the Board 
of South Park Commissioners, and that Board, on the same day, 
sent to the Directory the following, giving in addition the reasons 
why they had, up to that time, declined to tender Washington 
Park as a site: 

" The South Park Commissioners have received from an 
authorized committee of the Columbian Exposition Directors 
the information that the National Commission has expressed, by 
a substantially unanimous vote, their desire that these Directors 
shall * procure and present to this body (the National Commis- 
sion) the most desirable site by adopting Washington Park, the 
Midway Plaisance, and that part of Jackson Park lying south of 



212 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Third sea- the noFtli line of the Midway Plaisance extended through to the 

ondDay!^ lake.' This information is communicated by the Committee of 

the Local Directory, with a request that the Park Commissioners 

enable them to meet the suggestion of the National Commission. 

" A request thus made, and communication, is tantamount, 
in the opinion of the Park Commissioners, to a notice from the 
highest National authority that the site indicated is the best that 
Chicago can present for the purpose of the Columbian Exposi- 
tion, and in substance is a reasonable demand that Chicago shall 
make good its promise to the National Legislature to provide 
satisfactorily for the location of the Fair. The Park Commis- 
sioners are desirous of meeting the situation fully and frankly. 
The tender of Jackson Park, 586 acres, and Midway Plaisance, 
60 acres, may be taken as in part, at least, evidence of this 
desire. * * * 

'' If, after considering this explanation, the National Com- 
mission and the Chicago Directory shall still insist that the honor 
of Chicago demands and the space needed for the Exposition 
requires that Washington Park be more closely identified with 
the Exposition, and that to other site area there shall be added 
the area of this, the South Park Commissioners, upon the receipt 
of notice to such effect, will immediately cause to be prepared, 
and will pass, the ordinances necessary to comply with the re- 
quest now under consideration." 

That on the receipt of a certified copy of the action of the 
South Park Commissioners from the Directory, the Commis- 
sion passed, by unanimous vote, the following resolution; 

" Now, therefore, in pursuance of the foregoing invitation 
to further express the opinion of the National Commission in 
reference to this question, it is hereby 

''Resolved, By the National Commission, that this Commis- 
sion does still insist that the space needed for the Exposition 
and to make the same adequate and satisfactory to this Com- 
mission requires that Washington Park be added to the several 
plats of ground heretofore tendered to this Commission as a 
site for the Exposition, and that the addition of Washington 
Park may be made by the Chicago Directory and will be 
accepted by this Commission with the understanding that only 
so much of the said several plats as may be required for Exposi- 
tion purposes will be used; and that the presentation of said 
park and its acceptance, with the acceptance of the I^Iidway 



Minutes of the Third Session. 213 

Plaisance, shall be a final settlement of all questions relating to Third scs- 
the site for said Exposition." onduayf' 

On the same day the Directors passed and transmitted to 
the Commission the following resolution: 

^^ Resolved, That in addition to the area already tendered as 
a site for the Columbian Exposition, to wit, Lake Front and 
Jackson Park, the Directory hereby adopts and tenders to the 
World's Columbian Commission for its acceptance Washington 
Park and the Midway Plaisance." 

The Commission, thereupon passed by unanimous vote a 
resolution accepting Washington Park, as follows: 

'■'■ Resolved, That the addition of the Midway Plaisance and 
Washington Park be, and the same is, hereby accepted as an 
addition to the site heretofore formally accepted as aforesaid, 
and shall be treated and considered as an addition to and part 
of said site, with the like effect as if the same had been origi- 
nally included in the site as first tendered; and that all question 
and controversy concerning the site are now satisfactorily and 
finally settled and disposed of, the said site embracing, as now 
accepted, the Lake Front, the whole of Jackson and Washington 
Parks, and the area intervening between said parks, known as 
the Midway Plaisance." 

The South Park Commissioners did, on the same day, pass 
and place in the hands of the Directory an ordinance granting 
the use of Washington Park for the purposes of the Exposition, 
but coupled with it a condition that no trees should be removed 
or damage to drive-ways and permanent improvements without 
the consent of the South Park Commissioners. • It will be 
observed that no conditions whatever were attached to the 
foregoing agreement of the South Park Commissioners to " pass 
the ordinance necessary to comply with the request of the 
Commission and the Directory, and no condition was therefore 
attached to the tender made of Washington Park by the 
Directory, nor in its acceptance by the Commission. Recogniz- 
ing the desire of the Commission as expressed in its resolution 
unanimously passed on the 20th of September, the Directors 
caused to be prepared by their architects surveys and sketches 
of plans for the main building on Washingtctn Park, locating the 
same in the open meadow, and also sketches for the other 
necessary buildings on Washington Park, and presented the same 
tor approval to the South Park Commissioners. It should be 

15 



214 WoiM\s Columbian Commission. 

Thini s.s- borne in mind that tlie plan presented was one with which 
oudDayr the Committee had nothing whatever to do. Neither the 
National Commission, nor any committee or person speaking for 
it, was in any way consulted as to the plan or the buildings pro- 
posed, but when the same were submitted by the architect of the 
Directory to the South Park Commissioners, to know whether the 
same would be objectionable under the proviso contained in 
their ordinance, the South Park Commissioners submitted the 
following reply: 

"As the area contains, with smaller glades, one great open 
meadow of nearly loo acres, the restriction, while useful for the 
preservation of trees of nearly twenty years' growth as placed, 
was not a hindrance, in any sense, to extensive use of the park 
for the purposes of the Exposition. The ordinance was 
accepted. A tentative plan is now presented to the Park Com- 
missioners for the use of Washington Park as a site for Fair 
buildings. Such submission would not be necessary under the 
terms of the ordinance, which leaves the Fair Directors wholly 
free, with the proviso noted, to use the park for such buildings 
as may be designated. The plan contemplates some eighty-five 
acres of roof, so placed that both the letter and the spirit of 
the ordinance would be transgressed if the construction were to 
go on as planned. 

"The removal of a few trees or clumps of trees would be 
immaterial. The plan invades a large area of the oldest, best- 
established, and thriftiest tree-growth of the park. The dam- 
age, if not wholly irreparable, would long disfigure the park, 
and as it is absolutely unnecessary, when nearly i,ooo acres of 
the South Park system can be drawn on, the Park Commission- 
ers must suggest that the construction be kept within the liberal 
terms of the accepted ordinance. 

" The money damage to the park the Directory is obligated 
to make good. It is not necessary, therefore, to dwell upon that 
point. A lawn may be created in a single season; the work 
of a few months restores drive-ways; but no transplanting can 
restore, short of a generation, the beauty of a wood it has taken 
a generation to establish." 

A controversy has thus arisen over the use of Washington 
Park as pledged by the Directory and the South Park Com- 
missioners, in which the Commission can take no part directly, 
as it can only pass upon the plans and specifications of the 
buildings when presented to them for acceptance by the Direct- 



Minutes of the Third Session. 215 

ory. The Committee of the Directory express their desire to Tinm ses- 
have the plans approved by the South Park Commissioners, and ^mUMT.' 
to have the conditions contained in the ordinance removed, 
or so modified that Washington Park may be used for the main 
building, according to the resolutions and understanding of all 
parties at the September meeting of the Commission. 

Your Committee would further report that on the loth of 
November, at a meeting of the Directory, the following resolu- 
tions were passed by them: 

"Whereas, It is understood by the State and city authori- 
ties, as well as by the citizens of Chicago generally, that in 
locating the Exposition, part should be placed on the Lake 
Front; and, 

" Whereas, It is believed that such an occupancy by a por- 
tion of the Exposition will be most conducive to its great and 
permanent success; now, therefore, 

"■Resolved, That it is the sense of this Board of Directors 
that there should be located upon the Lake Front these items of 
the Exposition: 

" I. The Art Exhibit building, which «hall contain all oil- 
paintings, water-colors, engravings, and statuary that shall be 
exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

'' 2. The Decorative Art building, which shall contain all 
jewelry, diamonds, watches, • gold and silver ornaments, clocks, 
bronzes, embroideries, tapestries, rugs, Persian carpets, china, 
bric-a-brac, gold and silverware, and all other articles intended 
for the decoration of the person, table, or house that shall be 
exhibited at the World's Columbian Exposition. 

"3. The building in which shall be displayed the exhibit 
of electrical appliances and devices. 

" 4- Governmental Department exhibits, including exhibits 
from the State Department, Treasury Department, War Depart- 
ment, Navy Department, Interior Department, Post-Office De- 
partment, Department of Justice, Smithsonia-n Institution, and 
National Museum and Fish and Fisheries Department. 

*'5. Musical Hall. 

"6. The Water Palace, if any. 

" 7. A portion of certain miniature villages and settlements 
of curious nationalities, such as Indian, Egyptian, Persian, Cen- 
tral African, Chinese, Japanese, Armenian, Russian, and others. 

" 8. An aquarium building. 



216 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third See- " q. An elcctric fountain and other exhibits analogous to 

slon— Sec- -^ 

oud Day. the foregoing, or supplementary thereto, and necessary to make 
the Lake Front exhibition equal in interest and attractiveness 
to the other portions of the Fair. 

" Resolved, That a special committee of four, of which the 
President shall be Chairman, be appointed by the chair to pre- 
sent this resolution to the Grounds and Buildings Committees of 
the United States Commission, with the view of securing their 
concurrence in the premises." 

That in pursuance of said resolutions President Gage ap- 
pointed Directors Palmer, Higinbotham, Cregier, and Young as 
such Committee, and gave notice to your Committee to meet 
them at 3.30 p. m., on Friday; that your Committee, together 
with President Palmer, attended said meeting and heard fully 
the arguments of the various members of the Committee, with 
a view to learning the reasons that actuated the Directory in pass- 
ing said resolutions, and desiring to secure our concurrence there- 
in. The arguments were not new. They were familiar to your 
Committee and would no doubt be to you. Sketches of build- 
ings to be constructtid on the Lake Front to accommodate that 
portion of the exhit)it authorized by the resolutions were pre- 
sented and examined by your Committee. Part of these build- 
ings were to be located east and part west of the Illinois Cen- 
tral Railroad track, viaducts to be provided, and the roadway, as 
far as practicable, to be covered over. The smoke from the en- 
gines and the constant ringing of bells and blowing of whistles 
in the midst of the Exposition buildings would, in the opinion 
of your Committee, be a fatal objection to such construction, 
and they so advised the Committee of the Directory, who ex- 
pressed the opinion that it would be desirable to have the 
tracks of the railroad moved out to the lake shore after making 
the necessary fill. The Committees adjourned until 7.30 p. m., 
on Saturday evening, when the complications that have arisen in 
the use of Washington Park were brought up, and this with the 
comparative advantages as between Washington and Jackson 
Parks for the main Exposition buildings were fully discusse^. 
The architects of the Directory, who were present with surveys 
and sketches of the buildings as they would design them for 
each park, are decided in their preference for Jackson Park. 
Without reaching any conclusion, the Committees adjourned to 
meet at 3.30 p. m., on Monday, at the rooms of the Directory. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 217 

At the meetin": on Monday, the Executive Committee of Third ses- 

* •' ' pfon— See- 

the Commission by invitation attended in a body, and by mvita- ^^^^ ^^y- 

tion of the Committee of the Directory the Congressional 
Committee on the World's Fair also attended, and an exhaustive 
report was made by Messrs. Burnham and Root showing the 
comparative advantages of Washington and Jackson parks as 
the location of the main buildings, and making a very strong 
showing in favor of Jackson Park. They claim that it will take 
$1,115,700 to improve Jackson Park in a manner fit for its occu- 
pancy by the Exposition buildings. Of this sum the South Park 
Board will be able to contribute $230,000 which it has on hand 
for the improvement of this park. It will cost, the engineers 
say, $826,000 to make Washington Park equally serviceable for 
Exposition purposes, and to that expenditure would have to 
be added $200,000 to restore it. Assuming the calculation to be 
correct, the saving of money by improving Jackson Park 
would be about $150,000, and these experts claim it would 
amount to even $200,000. 

The Directory, at their meeting on Monday evening, con- 
sidered the resolution passed by the Executive Committee of the 
Commission in reference to the demand that they make good 
their unconditional tender of Washington Park by securing a 
modification of the ordinance of the South Pdrk Commissioners, 
passed the following resolution : 

Resolved^ That Messrs. Palmer, Davis, and Jeffery be ap- 
pointed a committee to wait on the South Park Commissioners 
and request them to so amend the ordinance granting the use 
of Washington Park, as to allow the use of the same for the 
World's Columbian Exposition without restrictions; and, be it 
further 

Resolved^ That President Palmer, or such other Commissioner 
as he may select, and Mr. Martindale be requested to accom.pany 
said committee. 

President Palmer and Commissioners Martindale and 
White, of the Committee on Grounds and Buildings; Mr, Ritchie, 
Chairman of the Committee on Manufacturing, and Mr. Sims, 
Chairman of the Committee on Electricity, met with the Com- 
mittee of the Directory and the Board of South Park Commis- 
sioners at 2.30 p. M., on Tuesday, and appealed to said South 
Park Commissioners for such modification ot cheir ordinance as 
would enable the use of Washington Park for the mam build- 
ings of the Exposition. This appeal was made earnestly and in 



218 World\s Columbian Commission. 

Third SOS all jTOod faith by the Directory and their Committees. The 
8lon-Si'c- ** \ . , ,. , , •.. J- 

ond Day. Soiith Park Commissioners declined to make any written modi- 
fication of the ordinance, but expressed a friendly disposition 
to give the ordinance a liberal construction in case it was 
decided to place the main buildings or any considerable number 
of the minor buildings on Washington Park. That at the 
meeting of the Directory, held on Monday evening, the following 
resolution was adopted to take the place of the one adopted by 
that body on the evening of the loth, in reference to the use of 
the Lake Front: 

'' In pursuance of the report of the conference committee, 
and in harmony with the report of the Committee on Grounds 
and Buildings, 

''Resolved, That the report of said Grounds and Buildings 
Committee be accepted and adopted, locating the following 
buildings on the Lake Front, to-wit: The decorative art 
building, the art building, music hall, electrical display, a portion 
of the villages, aquarium, underground mine (if any), water 
palace (if any), steel tower (if any), and also such other exhibits 
as are germane thereto: Provided, That no buildings shall be 
located east of the Illinois Central Railroad tracks." 

That after the conference with and unsuccessful appeal 
made to the Board of South Park Commissioners by the Joint 
Committee of the Directory and the Commission, the Directory 
held a meeting and passed by almost unanimous vote the follow- 
ing resolutions: 

Resolved, That after many months of careful consideration, 
and having studied the reports and figures of our consulting ar- 
chitects and engineers, it is the sense of this Board that, as orig- 
inally contemplated, the best interests of the Exposition demand 
that the same be mainly located in Jackson Park, including the 
principal buildings and the agricultural exhibit, to be united 
with such portion on the Lake Front as has been recently prac- 
tically agreed upon by the Conference Committee of the National 
Commission and this Board ; the overflow of the Exposition, in 
case the above-mentioned site should prove to any extent inade- 
cpiate, to be ]:)laced upon Midway Plaisance and that part of 
Washington Park adjoining and abutting on said Midway 
Plaisance. 

That in considering tlie (jucstion of the location of the main 
buildings on Jackson Park your Committee recognized the follow- 
ing facts: 



Minutes of the Third Session. 219 

1. The Congressional Committee who have made a careful Third ses- 

^ sion— Sec- 

examination of the two parks unanimously favor and advise the o"'i J>ay 

location on Jackson Park. 

2. The members of the Board of Control of the Govern- 
ment Exhibit are unanimous in their opinion that Jackson Park 
furnishes the better facilities for the Government Exhibit by 
reason of economy in handling large guns. The use of the lake 
for the proper display of their Life-saving Station and the Fish- 
eries and Navy Exhibit. 

3. That the Engineers and Architects have an unobstructed 
and unrestricted field in laying out and planning the grounds and 
buildings and utilizing waterways among the buildings. 

4. That the Agricultural and Live Stock display can be made 
on the 80 acres ot high land in the southwest corner of the park, 
thereby bringing them in close proximity to the main and most 
attractive part of the Exposition. 

5. That the large meadow on Washington Park will be left 
free for the use of military and civic displays, which will be an 
attractive feature of the Exposition. 

6. That Jackson Park may be more conveniently connected 
by rail with the display on the Lake Front, so that one ticket will 
enable visitors to reach all parts of the Exposition, being carried 
by through trains from the inclosure at the Lake Front to the 
inclosure at Jackson Park. 

7. That forbidding any display on the east side of the 
Illinois Central Railroad tracks on the Lake Front, the Jackson 
Park Lake front will be the only one furnishing visitors to the 
Exposition an unobstructed lake view. 

8. That the Directory who were elected to represent the 
subscribers to the fund of over $6,000,000 and the City of Chicago 
in its municipal character, which is to advance $5,000,000, have 
almost unanimously voted in favor of locating the main Exposi- 
tion Buildings in Jackson Park. 

Your Committee, therefore, after giving all the facts due 
and disinterested consideration, would respectfully recommend 
to the Commission the passage of the following resolutions: 

I. Resolved, That the question of site so happily and unani- 
mously settled at the September meeting of this Commission, 
and then declared to be " satisfactorily and finally settled and 
disposed of," shall remain undisturbed. 



220 WorUr s ColuDihian Commission. 

Third Sfs- 2. Resolvcd, That we will approve plans and specifications 

8lon— SfC- 111 1 

undDay. for suitable and adequate buildings, when presented b)^ the 
Directory, to be located west of the Illinois Central Railroad 
tracks on that part of the site known as *'The Lake Front," 
to-wit : The art building, decorative art building (for goods 
known in the classification as Department ''K"), music hall, 
electrical display, water palace (if any), and steel tower (if any), 
and also such other exhibits as are germane thereto, 

3. Resolved^ That we will approve plans and specifications 
for suitable and adequate buildings, when presented by the 
Directory, to be located on that part of the site known as 
Jackson Park, in which to make the display under the following 
departments of the classifications, to-wit: Department A, 
Agriculture, Forest Products, Forestry, Machinery and Appli- 
ances. Department B, Viticulture, Horticulture, Floriculture. 
Department C, Live Stock, Domestic and Wild Animals. De- 
partment D, Fish, Fisheries, Fish Products, and Apparatus of 
Fishing. Department E, Mines, Mining, and Metallurgy. 
Department F, Machinery. Department G, Transportation, 
Railways, Vessels, and Vehicles. Department H, Manufactures. 
Department J, Electricity. Department M, Ethnology, Archae- 
ology, Progress of Labor and Invention, and Department L, 
with the exception of Music and the Drama, also to be located 
on said park; the Government Building, the State Buildings, and 
Foreign Buildings, and such other exhibits as are germane 
thereto, and the overflow to be accommodated on the Midway 
Plaisance and Washington Park. 

In conclusion, your Committee would say for the informa- 
tion of the Commission, that no plans and specifications as con- 
templated by the Fifth Section of the Act of Congress, have been 
presented to this Committee, and they are informed that no such 
plans and specifications are yet definitely decided upon by the 
architects of the Directory. The architects, however, give it 
as their opinion that outlined tentative plans and very general 
specifications may be prepared and ready for presentation to this 
Commission within three or four days. In view of the impor- 
tance of having all (juestions as to the location of the Fair 
definitely settled by the Commission and in the public mind, 
your Committee would recommend that these outlined plans and 
specifications be presented by the Directory and accepted by this 
Commission at its present session, and that by agreement of both 
bodies in making such acceptance, latitude be given to make 



Minutes of the Third Session. 221 

minor changes in perfecting: the plans; such changes to be sub- Third ses- 
ject to the approval of a joint Committee of the Directory and ""^ii^ay- 
Commission. 

All of which is respectfully reported for your confirmation. 

E. B. Martindale, Chairma7i^ 
Richard Mansfield White, 
Mark L. McDonald, 
John T. Harris, 
Thomas Smith, 
M. Henry Lane. 

On motion of Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, the report of 
the Executive Committee, submitted on Tuesday, November 
i8th, and now on the table, was made the third order of business 
for II o'clock on Thursday. 

Mr. Bullock, of Massachusetts, offered the following resolu- cation 

adopted. 

tion, which was adopted: 

Resolved^ That the report of a system of classification of the 
Committee on Classification be adopted as the classification of 
the World's Columbian Commission, subject to such revision of 
the groups and classes and additions thereto as may hereafter 
be deemed necessary; all matters relating to such revision, and 
additions to the groups and classes, to be referred to the Com- 
mittee on Classification. 

Mr. Lowndes, of Maryland, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 

Resolved^ That the members of the Commission be requested 
not to smoke in this hall during the sessions of the Commission. 

Mr. McKenzie, of Kentucky, called up the letter of the 
Secretary of the Commission, with the accompanying sugges- 
tions as to the formalities to be observed by members of the 
Commission in preparing vouchers for their expenses and sub- 
sistence. 

After considerable debate, upon the motion of Mr. McKen- 
zie it was ordered that 300 copies be printed for the informa- 
tion of Commissioners. 

Mr. Goff, of Rhode Island, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 



222 World's Cohimhian Commission. 

Third ses- Resolved, That durin<( the recesses of this Commission the 

8lon— Sec- 

ondDay. officer ill charge be instructed to allow no person not a member 
of this Commission to have access to the desks or papers in this 
room. 

Mr. Britton, of the District of Columbia, offered the follow- 
ing resolution, which was, under the rule, referred to the Com- 
mittee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws: 

Resolved^ That the Buildings and Grounds Committee be 
increased by the addition of two members, to be appointed by 
the President of the Commission. 

The Commission then adjourned until Thursday morning 

at lo o'clock. 



Third Session— Third Day, Thursday, 
November 20, 1890. 

™oS-^^ The Commission met in the Council Chamber, City Hall, 

Third Day. 

at 10 o'clock A. M. President Palmer in the chair. 
Roll-call. The roll was called, and the following ^Members and Alter- 

nates were present: 

Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; 
Kentucky, W. Lindsay; Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, 
T. W. Palmer; Nebraska, R. W. Furnas, alternate; New York, 
G. W. Allen. 

Commissioners of the District of Columbia. — A. T. Brit- 
ton, D. Clagett, alternate. 

Commissioners of the States. — Alabama, G. L. Werth, 
alternate; Arkansas, J. D. Adams; California, M. H. de Young, W. 
Forsyth; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff ; Connecticut, L. 
Brainard, T. M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; 
Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; 
Idaho, G. A. Manning, J. I^. Stearns; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. 
Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. F. 
^^•'i^» J- Eiboeck, alternate; Kansas, C. K. Holliday, Jr., R. R. 
Price; Kentucky, J. P.ennett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 223 

Penn, P.J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, A. R. Bixby, C. S. Ed-Th»^dse8|^^ 
wards, alternate; Maryland, J. Hodges, L. Lowndes; Massachu- '*"*■ 
setts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; 
Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. 
Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene, C. H. Jones; 
Montana, A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, A. G. Scott, W. L. May, alter- 
nate; Nevada, J. W. Haines, G. Russell; New Hampshire, W. 
Aiken, F. E. Kaley, alternate; New Jersey, W. J. Sewell, T. 
Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, alternate; North 
Carolina, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; 
Ohio, H. P. Piatt, W. Ritchie; Oregon, H. Klippel, M. Wilkins; 
Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; Rhode Island, 
L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. Cochran, E. L. 
Roche, alternate; South Dakota, S. A. Ramsey, L. S. Bullard, 
alternates: Tennessee, T. L. Williams, R. Strong, alternate; 
Texas, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, A. F. Walker, H. Atkins, 
alternates; Virginia, V, D. Groner, J. T. Harris; Washington, 
H. Drum, C. B. Bagley, alternate; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. 
W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr., J. L. Mitchell; Wyoming, 
A. S. Mercer, alternate. 

Commissioners of the Territories. — Arizona, G. F. Coats; 
New Mexico, R. M. White, L. C. Tetard, alternate; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, F. J. Kiesel, P. H. Lannan. 

Mr. Garvin, of Indiana, as Chairman of the Committee on Report of 
' ' trie Audit- 

Auditing, submitted the following report, which was ordered to jnftfe"'"' 

be printed and to lie on the table for action Friday morning 

after the regular order: 

Chicago, November 19, 1890. 
Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Com- 
mission: 

Dear Sir: Your Committee on Auditing respectfully sub- 
mit to you and to the Commission the following report: 

The Committee met in this city on the 13th inst., in pur- 
suance of your request and also of a resolution of the Committee 
adopted at its first meeting, held September 24, 1890. The duties 
of this Committee, as defined in the By-Laws of this body, are as 
follows: "They shall have charge of examining and auditing 
all bills and accounts of this Commission." 



224 World s Columbian Commission. 

Third 8«'8- The Committee have examined into the methods employed 

Third Day. ij-, i\^q Secretary's otfice in keeping the accounts of the Com- 
mission, and found that all vouchers were prepared in duplicate 
and forwarded to the Treasury Department for allowance and 
payment; that a second duplicate is filed in his office with the 
claim, contract or account upon which the voucher is based, 
attached thereto for preservation and reference. These vouchers 
are numbered consecutively, commencing at No. i at the organ- 
ization of the Commission. Upon each voucher is stamped the 
distribution of its amounts, by showing what part of it is 
chargeable to transportation, subsistence, salaries, supplies, 
fi.xtures, printing, and incidentals, which are the respective heads 
under which all the accounts of the Commission are classified, 
and appear to us to be sufficiently comprehensive to embrace all 
the expenditures. 

This memorandum of distribution is in like manner trans- 
ferred to the Register and Journal, showing at a glance what is 
expended in each part of the Commission work. 

We have examined into the correctness of figures in each 
voucher, and the distribution of its amount, from the organiza- 
tion of the Commission up to the present date, and which 
embraces all vouchers from A No. i to A No. 204, B No. i to 
B No. 71, inclusive. 

The account-books of the Commission are the Voucher. 
Register and Journal and Ledger, which we have also examined, 
comparing each voucher with the entry upon the books, and 
finding a complete verification throughout, and also finding the 
total of each and every column to be correct, and that the Ledger 
shows the individual account of each Commissioner. 

The system, as prepared by Mr. O. R. Sinclair, the very 
efficient accountant, and adopted by Secretary Dickinson, is simple 
and comprehensive, and is of great assistance to the perfect 
examination of accounts. The various purchases of supplies 
made by the Secretary for use of the Commission have been, so 
far as we were able to judge, made in the spirit of wisdom and 
economy. An inventory is kept in his office of all property 
purchased and owned by the Commission, and its care and 
preservation is made the duty of one of the employes of his 
office, in connection with other duties. 

We find the following to be the summary of the expenses of 
the Commission, as per vouchers, and forwarded to the Secretary 
of the Treasury for payment : 



Minutes of the Third Session. 225 

First session of the Commission (of which $6,624. c;6 Third ses- 

was for transportation and $7,406 for subsist- ThiruDay 

ence) $15,806 61 

Second session of the Commission (of which $4,524.32 
was for transportation and $6,633.50 for sub- 
sistence) .__ 135463 48 

Centennial reports for Commissioners (purchased by 

Committee on Permanent Organization) 1,324 40 

Expense of Committee on Permanent Organization-- 423 05 

Expense of Committee on Judiciary 207 40 

Expense of Executive Committee 1,241 36 

Expense of Committee on Classification ._ i,473 7° 

Expense of Committee on Ceremonies 72 85 

Expense of Committee on Fish and Fish Culture 71 50 

Expense of Committee on Electricity and Electrical 

Appliances 18 15 

Expense of Committee on Grounds and Buildings 132 90 

Expense of Committee on Foreign Affairs 20 85 

Expense of Committee on Fine Arts 221 92 

Lady Managers (lithographs and printing of commis- 
sions) 328 55 

Expense of President's office (clerkship, supplies, and 

furniture) 6t,2> 49 

Expense of Secretary's office (salaries, clerkships, sup- 
plies and furniture) 5-739 95 

Expense of Director-General's office (salaries, sup- 
plies, and furniture) 2,223 45 

Expense of Vice-Chairman's office (salaries, supplies, 

and furniture) 912 30 

Total $44,3 1 5 9 1 

In addition to this there are bills and accounts outstanding 
which have not yet been passed upon, which will increase the 
expense of the Commission up to the time of this session to 
about $51,000. 

The amount of printing bills allowed and included in the 
above summary is $3,077.05. It is proper to remark that, while 
this charge of printing appears unduly large, it must be remem- 
bered that this work was done upon the direct order of the 
Commission; that a great amount of it was night work, which is 
always expensive, and much of it ordered hastily; and some, in 
fact, unnecessarily, but by order of the Commission during its 



226 Worlds s Columbian Commission, 

Third s«-8- session. The prices charged for the printing are the customary 
ThirdDay. j-ates for work of that kind. 

While the amount expended by the Commission during the 
five months of its existence is large, it should be borne in mind 
that it embraces in its details the cost of organization — an 
expense not to be repeated; that it includes the cost of the com- 
plete ecjuipment of the various offices of the Commission, which 
will continue in use as long as the Commission exists; that it 
embraces stationery and various supplies sufficient to meet the 
wants of the Commission and its officers for several months to 
come. If the expense thus far ($51,000) be deducted from the 
$200,000 appropriated by the Act of Congress, there would 
remain a balance of $149,000. But it must not be assumed that 
this apparent balance is at the command of this Commission, 
for the United States Exhibit Board at Washington, represent- 
ing the several departments of the Government, are also author- 
ized to make drafts upon this fund for the purposes of the 
National Exhibit, and to what extent this balance has been 
depleted at that end of the line your Committee has no informa- 
tion, but prudence indicates the necessity of indulging in no 
expense that can be reasonably avoided. 

Much labor and delay can be saved if the Commissioners 
would be more particular in preparing their vouchers for subsist- 
ence and transportation. We have been convinced of the 
necessity of this, and earnestly recommend the Commission to 
observe the suggestions made by the Secretary yesterday upon 
this subject. The Treasury Department has forwarded to the 
Secretary a complete and proper form for the guidance of Com- 
missioners, and we recommend that the Secretary furnish each 
Commissioner with a copy of that form. We also suggest that 
Commissioners, immediately upon their return home, prepare their 
vouchers and forward them at once to the Secretary, that they 
may be early transmitted by him to the Secretary of the Treas- 
ury for payment. Your attention to this will render great assist- 
ance in expediting business and the final settlement of your claims. 

In the performance of our duties we have passed only upon 
bills that have been certified to by the Secretary and paid by the 
Treasury Department, certifying only as to their correctness in 
footings and transfer to the several departments to which they 
properly belong. We have not inquired into the advisability of 
any purchase, or the reasonableness of any charge, but simply 
the correctness of the amounts. We are in doubt as to the scope 



Minutes of the Third Session. 227 

of our authority, and desire that this part of our report l)e re- Third ses-- 
ferred to the Judiciary Committee, that our duties may be more TiurdOay. 
fully defined, and that we may know if they are simply super- 
visory, or if we are expected to pass upon the correctness of any 
or all claims before they are allowed and paid by the Treasury. 

It is but proper for us to say in conclusion, that the multi- 
tude of duties imposed upon the Secretary of the Commission 
in its organization and plans of work has rendered it impossible 
for him to properly arrange a system of accounts before the 
first of October, but since that time, with the aid of his efficient 
accountant, Mr. O. R. Sinclair, the perfect system now in use 
has been adopted, which to us is another evidence of the wisdom 
of this Commission in its selection of Mr. Dickinson for the 
office of Secretary and his business ability in the choice of able 
and obliging assistants that surround him. 

Respectfully submitted, 

Phil. Allen, Jr., 

C. K. HOLLIDAY, Jr., 

Jas. D. Butt, 
Thos. E. Garvin, 

Chairman. 

Mr. Britton, of the District of Columbia, on behalf of the 
Executive Committee, submitted the following resolution, as part 
of the proceedings of that Committee, which was read and 
ordered printed as part of the minutes of the Commission: 

Resolved, That the resolution of this Executive Committee 
relating to the vouchers of the Foreign Affairs Committee was 
intended to simply refer the communication of the Secretary of 
the Treasury to the Commission, and to hold the matter in abey- 
ance until the Foreign Affairs Committee should have presented 
the subject in its own way to the Commission, and should have 
secured appropriate action thereupon ; and that the record of the 
Committee should be corrected so as to express that intent in 
such form as will remove any appearance of intentional discourt- 
esy to the Foreign Affairs Committee. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, as Chairman of the Committee on 
Tariffs and Transportation, called up the report of the Committee 
and asked that it be read and made tiie special order succeed- 
ing the consideration of the report of the Executive Committee, 
and it was so ordered. 



228 World's Columhiaii Commission. 

Tiiird ses- Mr. RuckcF, of North Dakota, submitted the following reso- 

ihirdDay. jjj^j^j^ from the Committee on Live Stock, which was ordered to 
be printed in the minutes: 

Resolved^ That this Committee indorse the protest made by 
the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation regarding the ap- 
pointment of a Traffic Manager by the Director-General without 
consulting said Committee or its Chairman. 

The President submitted the following communication 
from the Convention of Breeders of Holstein-Friesian Cattle, 
now in session in the city, which was ordered to lie upon the 
table for future consideration: 

Whereas, Being deeply interested as breeders of fine 
cattle, that the live-stock exhibit of the World's Fair be made 
the finest, if not the most extensive (which we believe it should 
be) that has ever yet been witnessed, and realizing the great 
risk and expense owners of valuable animals must incur in the 
fitting, transportation, and care during an extended period, it is 
therefore 

Resolved^ That we respectfully ask: 

1. For liberal space and buildings within the general 
inclosure of the Fair. 

2. For liberal cash premiums, in order that exhibitors may 
be assured of at least partial reimbursement of expenses incurred. 

consiuera- The hour of II o'clock havingf arrived, the report of the 

Grounds Committee on Foreign Affairs, which was the special order, was 

and Hiii'd- 

injis com-by unanimous consent laid aside temporarily, without losing 
place, and the report of the Committee on Grounds and Build- 
ings was taken up on motion of Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, 
Chairman. 

Mr. de Young of California, offered the following amend- 
ment to the report: 

Amend the second resolution to read as follows: 

2. Resolved^ That we will approve plans and specifications 
for suitable and adequate buildin'gs, when presented by the 
Directory, to be located west of the Illinois Central Railroad 
tracks, on that part of the site known as " The Lake Front," 
to-wit: The art and decorative art buildings (for goods known 
in the classification as Department "K"), music hall, electrical 



Minutes of the Third Session. 229 

display, water palace (if any), and steel tower (if any), and also Third ses- 

11 1-1- , slon— 

such Other exhibits as are germane thereto. ThirdDay. 

(Mr. McKenzie in the chair.) 

Mr. Mercer, of Wyoming, offered the following amendment 
to the amendment: 

Resolved, That the report of the Committee on Grounds and 
Buildings be and the same is hereby amended as follows : 
Change the second resolution so as to read : 
2. Resolved, That we will approve plans and specifications 
for suitable and adequate buildings, when presented by the 
Directory, to be located west of the Illinois Central Railroad 
tracks, on that part of the site known as " The Lake Front," 
to-wit : The art building (for goods known in the classification 
as Department '' K "), music hall, electrical plant for night dis- 
play, water palace (if any), and steel tower (if any). 

Mr. Mercer sent to the desk and had read as part of his re- 
marks the following preamble and resolutions of the Western 
Fair Association : 

Whereas, The matter of locating the site and distributing . 
the buildings for the World's Fair of 1893 is now under consid- 
eration by the United States World's Fair Commission; and, 

W^HEREAS, A proposition has been made to that body to 
place a number of important departments upon what is known 
as the '' Lake Front," and the residue upon grounds several 
miles distant therefrom; and. 

Whereas, We the delegates to this meeting of the \Vestern 
Fair Association, representing the States of Ohio, Michigan^ 
Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Iowa, 
Minnesota, Oregon, Wyoming, and Colorado, have considered 
the subject and feel a deep interest in the success of the proposed 
Fair; it is therefore 

Resolvedy That we do hereby, on behalf of our several con- 
stituencies, most earnestly object to, and protest against, any 
such separation whatever as contemplated by the Directory of 
the Local Corporation, for the following among other good and 
sufficient reasons: 

1. No local conditions as to grounds render it imperative 
or in the slightest degree justify it. 

2. It would detract immensely from the significance and 
importance of the Fair as a whole. 

16 



230 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- ^ It involvcs a plain discrimination against the interests 

ThJrd Day ^^^ vocations of the millions of our citizens engaged in the pur- 
suits of agriculture and the mechanical arts, prompted by consid- 
erations which are wholly unworthy a moment's attention at the 
hands of a body composed of American scholars and statesmen; 
it is, therefore, further 

Resolved, That the members of the National Commission 
are hereby urgently requested to firmly exercise their legal 
authority, under which they alone are responsible to the people, 
and to refuse their approval of any scheme by which it is sought 
to place any one or more legitimate integral department or 
departments of the World's Fair remote from the residue, thus 
preserving it in all its essential parts compact and entire. 

(Signed) J. L. Lewis, Secretary. 

Chicago, November iS, 1890. 

^Sted. The proposea amendments of Mr. de Young and Mr. Mercer 

were voted down, and the report of the Committee was adopted. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, offered the following pre- 
amble and resolution, which, by unanimous consent, was made 
the special order for 2 o'clock p. m. to-day: 
Resolution Whereas This Commissiou, at its session in September, 

for Select ' . . , c ' ^ ^ a' 

^°°*^/" i8qo bv the unanimous adoption of the report of its Judiciary 
"'"'"• Committee, declared its views of the rights, powers, and privi- 
leges whereof it is possessed touching the World's Fair under- 
taking; and, 

W^HEREAS, In the lawful pursuit of the powers wherewith it 
believes itself to be invested, this Commission has exercised due 
diligence touching all matters which it is clearly its province 
preliminarily to determine, to promote the success and prosperity 
of the said Fair as a National and International undertaking, but 
in all its efforts in that direction it has been confronted with 
delays and impediments arising out of the omission of the Illi- 
nois Corporation to tender an adequate and proper site, and its 
failure to submit plans and specifications of the buildings for 
approval, as contemplated by the Act of Congress, so that the 
proper and necessary certification may be made to the President 
of the United States in that behalf; and, 

Whereas, This Commission has effected its organization, 
and appointed its officers promptly, in order that it might be 



Minutes of the Third Session. 231 

equipped effectively to discharge its functions with the greatest Third ses- 
promptitude, but notwithstanding this, and although the present ThTrdDay. 
session was called expressl)^ to consider the plans and specifica- 
tions of buildings, no plans have yet been submitted by the 
Illinois Corporation, but on the contrary, by means of published 
interviews and otherwise, it is apparently the purpose and policy 
of the Illinois Corporation to continue controversy with the 
Commission as to its powers, and to reflect upon the manner in 
which the Commission has discharged its duties; and, 

Whereas, Upon the recommendation and nomination of 
the Illinois Corporation, the Commission has elected a Director- 
General, who is now practically refused full recognition by the 
said Corporation; and. 

Whereas, In view of these conditions, it is essentially 
necessary that this Commission should speedily determine upon 
a settled policy to be by it pursued, so that its lawful powers 
may be asserted and exercised, and these unfortunate conditions 
and difficulties may be removed and remedied; and so as that 
the material interests and prosperity of the World's Fair may 
not be impeded, nor its National and International character 
in any wise disregarded; therefore 

Resolved, That a Special Committee, to be composed of each 
of the Chairmen of the several Standing Committees of this body 
and such other Commissioners as they may add to their number, 
be, and is hereby constituted to consider the situation of affairs set 
forth in the preamble, and report its conclusions as to the proper 
policy to be adopted by the Commission in the premises as early 
as practicable, and to this end, that said Committee shall be 
authorized to invite a conference with the Illinois Corporation. 

The President presented and had read the following com- 
munication, and recommended the members of the Commission 
to accept the invitation therein contained: 

Chicago, November 20, 1800. Lecture by 

■^ General C. 

Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: ^•^°'''°°- 

Sir: The States' Association requests the Commissioners 
and Alternates of the World's Columbian Commission to attend 
a lecture on the subject of World's Fairs, by General C. B. Nor- 
ton, at the Club Room of the Palmer House, on Monday evening, 
November 24th. 



232 WorlcTs Columbian Commission, 

Third^es- The great experience of General Norton in exposition work, 

Third Day. 3n(j his thoroLigh familiarity with the subject, assure an interest- 
ing occasion. 

Very respectfully, 

Leroy D. Thoman, 
Henry Sheldon, President. 

Secretary. 

Mr. Dickinson, of Texas, by unanimous consent, offered the 
following resolution, which was unanimously adopted: 
Resolution Resolved^ That this Commission heartily congratulates the 

of Presi-*'^" Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition 
Board of upon their organization and the unanimous election of Mrs. 
agers. Pottcr Palmer, of Chicago, as their permanent Chairman, and 
that the Secretary of this Commission be directed to transmit a 
copy of this resolution to the Board of Lady Managers immedi- 
ately. 

The Commission adjourned until 2.30 p. m. 



The Commission reassembled at 2.30 ?„ m., and Mr. St. 
Clair called up his resolutions, and moved their adoption. 

Mr. de Young offered the following as a substitute: 

Whereas, For the better management of the business of 
the Exposition, the World's Columbian Commission has elected 
a Director-General; and. 

Whereas, The Illinois Corporation, in its By-Laws, has also 
recognized the necessity for a Director-General, and recom- 
mended to this Commission the name of Colonel Davis for 
appointment to that place; and. 

Whereas, The World's Columbian Commission has elected 
for Director-General Colonel George R. Davis, a member of the 
Illinois Corporation ; therefore be it 

Resolved^ That the Illinois Corporation be requested, in a 
spirit of conciliation and what is believed to be wisdom, to 
formally recognize Colonel Davis as their Director-General as well 
as the Director-General of the Commission, thereby uniting 
under one head the management of the Exposition, and securing 
harmony between the Commission and the Illinois Corporation, 
both essential to the success of this great enterprise. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 233 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved that the original resolu- Resolution 

' ' ° for Select 

tions and the substitute be referred to a select committee of euce^com- 

mlttee re- 

six, to consist of Mr. St. Clair, Mr. de Young, and four others, a'-geufct^ 

, , . -I 1 Commit- 

and the motion prevailed. tee. 

The President appointed Commissioners St. Clair, de Young, 
Lindsay, Massey, Waller, and Martindale as the Select 
Committee. 

Mr. Lindsay, Chairman of the Committee on Judiciary, ^^°'£^^^i1. 
Rules, and By-Laws, submitted the following communication states, 
from the Secretary of the World's Columbian Exposition Asso- 
ciation, of Chicago: 

Chicago, November 19, 1890. 

Hon. Wm. Lindsay, Chairman Committee Judiciary National 
Commission: 

Dear Sir: The Chairman of the Committee on Legislation 
of the World's Columbian Exposition requests a conference 
between your Committee and his own, for the purpose of con- 
sidering what legislation should be asked for of the several 
States. 

Will you kindly notify me at what time you will be pleased 
to meet the members on Legislation. 

Very respectfully, 

Benj. Butterworth, 

Secretary. 

Mr. McKenzie moved, and it was voted, that the Judiciary 
Committee be authorized to hold the conference asked for 
in the foregoing communication. 

Mr. Drum, of Washington, offered the following resolutions, 
and asked that they be referred to the Select Committee just 
appointed: 

Whereas, The Act establishing this Commission, as passed 
by the Congress of the United States, and approved April 25, 
1890, is not sufficiently explicit in that portion of said Act 
defining the duties and powers of both the Commissioners of the 
World's Columbian Commission and the Directors representing 
the Corporation established under the laws of the State of 
Illinois, entitled in said Act as the World's Exposition of 1892, 
as to prevent a conflict of authority in the organization and 



234 WorW s Qolumhiaii Commission. 

Third Sea- consummation of the World's Columbian Exposition to be held in 

8lon— * 

Third Day. (Chicago in 1 892, as provided in said Act; therefore be it 

Rf solved, That this Commission petition Congress, at its next 
session, to so amend said law as to clearly define the exact duties 
and powers of this Commission, and if it was not originally 
intended in said Act of Congress that this Commission should 
have the control of all matters relating to exhibits displayed at 
such Exposition, to then so amend said law, defining explicitly 
the relation this Commission shall bear to said Local Board of 
Directors of Chicago in the arrangement and management of 
said Exposition; 

Resolved, That this Commission hold no further meetings 
after the adjournment of the present session until Congress shall 
have taken some action in this matter. 

Mr. Massey raised the point of order that as the resolutions 

of Mr. Drum contemplated changes in the By-Laws, they were 

properly referable to the Judiciary Committee. 

The point of order was sustained, and the resolutions were 
so referred. 

The following Committee meetings were announced: 

Mines and Mining, at 4.30 p. m., in Council Chamber. 

Fine Arts, in Auditorium Hotel, 4.30 p. m. 

Education, Science, and Literature, at 9.30 a. m., Novem- 
ber 21, 1890. 

The Judiciary Committee, immediately upon adjournment 
this afternoon. 

Commerce, immediately upon adjournment this afternoon. 

World's Congresses, in ante-room of Council Chamber, upon 
adjournment this afternoon. 

Fisheries and Fish Culture, in Council Chamber, upon 
adjournment this afternoon. 

Viticulture and Horticulture, in Council Chamber, this 
afternoon. 

Ceremonies, at 9 o'clock a. m., November 21st, in Secre- 
tary's office. 

Select Committee on St. Clair and de Young resolutions, 
immediately upon adjournment this afternoon. 

The Commission then adjourned until 10 o'clock a. m. 
Friday. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 235 

Third Session— Fourth Day, Friday, November 21, 1800. sion-''"' 

"* " Fourth 

The Commission met in the Council Chamber of the City *^' 
Hall at 10 o'clock a. m. President Palmer in the chair. 

The roll was called, and the following members and alter- Rou-caii. 
nates were present: 

Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; 
Kentucky, W. Lindsay; Massachusetts, A. G. Bullock; Michigan, 
T. W. Palmer; Nebraska, R. W. Furnas, alternate; New York, 
G. W. Allen. 

Commissioners of the District of Columbia. — A. T. 
Britton, D. Clagett, alternate. 

C©MMissiONERS OF THE STATES. — Alabama, G. L. Werth, 
alternate; Arkansas, J. D. Adams, T. H. Leslie, alternate; Cali- 
fornia, M. H. de Young, W. Forsyth; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, 
F. J. V. Skiff; Connecticut, L. Brainard, T. M. Waller; Dela- 
ware, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turn- 
bull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; Idaho, G. A. Manning, 
J. E. Stearns; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T, Ewing; Indiana, T. E. 
Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. F. King, J. Eiboeck, alter- 
nate; Kansas, C. K. Holliday, Jr., R. R. Price; Kentucky, J. 
Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, 
alternate; Maine, A. R. Bixby, C. S. Edwards, alternate; Maryland, 
J. Hodges; Massachusetts, F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. 
H. Richmond; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Missis- 
sippi, J. M. Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene, C. 
H. Jones; Montana, A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, Euclid Martin, 
A. G. Scott, W. L. May, alternate; Nevada, J. W. Haines, G. 
Russell; New Hampshire, W. Aiken, F. E. Kaley, alternate; 
New Jersey, W. J. Sewell, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, 
J. H. Breslin, alternate; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; 
Ohio, H. P. Piatt, W. Ritchie; Oregon, H. Klippel, M. Wilkins; 
Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; Rhode Island, 
L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. Cochran, E. L. 
Roche, alternate; South Dakota, S. A. Ramsey, L. S. Bullard, 
alternates; Tennessee, T. L. Williams, R. Strong, alternate; 
Texas, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, A. F. Walker, H. Atkins, 



236 WorlcV ii Columbian Commission. 

Third Sea- alternates; Virijinia, V. D. Groner, T. T. Harris; Washington, 
llY.'^ H. Drum, C. B. Hopkins; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. 
Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr., J. L. Mitchell; Wyoming, H. G. 
Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate. 

Commissioners of the Territories. — Arizona, G. F. Coats; 
New Mexico, R. M. White, L. C. Tetard, alternate; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, F. J. Kiesel, P. H.Lannan. 

Mr. Mitchell, of Wisconsin, Chairman of the Committee on 
Live Stock, offered some proposed amendments to the classifi- 
cation, which he requested to have referred to the Committee on 
Classification for their consideration, and it was so ordered. 
^tEeCom- ^^- ^'''li'^^rd, of Connecticut, Chairman of the Committee 

Manufac" on Manufactures, submitted the following report, with the request 

tures. 

that it be printed and lie upon the table for future consideration: 

Chicago, III., November 20, 1890. 
Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Com- 
mission, Chicago, 111.: 
Sir: Your Committee on Manufactures have the honor to 
present the following report: 

Since your announcement of the members of this Committee, 
they have met and duly organized, electing W. H. Porter, of 
Delaware, as Secretary, and they are now ready for any business 
which may come within their province. 

As, under a resolution of the Executive Committee, the 
Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures has received notice 
, from the President of this Commission that it would be unwise 

to call any meetings or to incur any expense before the Novem- 
\ ber session of this Commission, your Committee believe that at 

this time they should simply organize. 
Respectfully submitted, 
' Leveret T Brainard, Chainnati, 

Willard Hall Porter, Secretary^ 
J. M. Bynum, 
I Richard Mansfield White, 

Thomas Smith, 
Wm. Ritchie, 
Wm. McClelland, 
Charles H. Deere, 
Gardiner C. Sims, 
\ T. B. Bullene. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 287 

Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, Chairman of the Committee on Third ses- 
Printing, submitted the following report, with the request that it Day!^*'^ 
be printed and lie upon the table for future consideration: 

Chicago, III., November 20, i8qo. Report of 

' ' y y the Coin- 

Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commission: ^\^i^fn^° 
The Committee on Printing desire to make the following report: 
In pursuance of the resolution adopted by the Commission 
at its second session in September, the Committee compiled and 
printed the proceedings of the World's Columbian Commission, 
from the date of its organization, June 26, 1890, to the end of 
the second session, September 23, 1890. 

The pamphlet containing these proceedings also gives other 
official data designed to be of service to the members of the 
Commission. 

In the compilation of the Official Manual submitted, your 
Committee conferred continually with the honorable Secretary 
of the Commission, John T. Dickinson, who aided us in every 
way possible, both by his own personal supervision of the matter 
in question, and by detailing some of his courteous assistants to 
render us every aid possible. 

After the pamphlet had been practically compiled, the Com- 
mittee asked the several large printing houses of Chicago to bid 
upon the same, according to specifications drawn by us, and 
awarded the contract for printing to Rand, McNally & Co., as 
being the only house bidding that, in our judgment, met all the 
requirements of the specifications. 

This has been the only printing the Committee has been 
ordered to do. 

Your Committee has had the pleasure of meeting from 
time to time with the Local Printing Committee, and have had 
full and free discussion pertaining to the press, advertising, and 
printing. 

In the absence, however, of positive information — and being 
uncertain as to its scope -and powers — the Committee has 
deemed it proper to take no action. We await the pleasure of 
the honorable Commission. 

Respectfully submitted, 

C. K. Holliday, Jr., Chairman^ 

P. H. Lannan, Secretary y 

t. b. bullene, 

John T. Harris, 

Thomas B. Keogh, 

Jno. E. Stearns. 



238 



World^s Columbian Commission. 



Third Ses- 
sion— 
Fourth 
Day. 



Classifica- 
tion of 
Cotton. 



Mr. Turnbull, of Florida, offered the following resolution, 
which was read and referred to the Committee on Classification: 

Resolved^ That the report of the Committee on Classification 
be amended as follows: 

On page ii, in Group lo, strike out all included in Class 60, 
and make another separate and distinct group that shall be num- 
bered 21, and include the following: 

GROUP 21, 

COTTON. 

Class 60. — Cotton on the stalk — Its several varieties; long staple 
and short staple — shown by living examples, by engrav- 
ings, photographs, etc. 

Class 61. — Method of planting and culture. 

Class. 62. — Method of picking — Separating the lint from the seed; 
how the long staple requires a roller gin and the short 
staple a saw gin; also methods of packing. 

Class 63. — Appliances for planting the seed and cultivating, 
also for rucking the different varieties; how the long 
staple is packed by hand and the short staple by ma- 
chinery. 

Class 64. — Appliances showing how it is converted into thread, 
into yarn, and into cloth. 

Class 65. — Appliances for converting the seed into oil, into 
meal for fertilizer, and food for stock. 

Class 66. — Showing best remedies for destroying insect pests 
together with appliances — spraying and otherwise — for 
destruction of insect pests. 
Class 67. — Literature, history, and statistics of cotton culture. 
Mr. Bullock, of Massachusetts, offered the following resolu- 
tion, which was unanimously adopted by rising vote: 

Resolved^ That the thanks of the Commissioners be tendered 
to the La Salle Club for their courtesy and hospitality so grace- 
fully extended to us last evening. 

Mr. Saunders, of Mississippi, offered the following resolution, 

which was ordered to be printed and lie upon the table for future 

consideration: 

Resolved, That the Classification Committee be requested 
and directed to revise Group to, Class 60, and to provide a more 



Minutes of the Tliird Session. 239 

elaborate classification of cotton — its methods of production Third ses- 

/ slon— 

and its uses and methods of converting the staple into textile £ay"^ 
fabrics, etc.; also of cotton-seed — the methods of expressing its 
oil, etc.; also an exposition of the value of cotton-seed hulls as 
a fertilizing agent; also the stalk and its fibre, and the process 
of decorticating the same. 

Mr. McClelland, of Pennsylvania, submitted the* following 
letter, which the Chairman of the Committee on Classification 
had addressed to the Chairman of each Standing Committee. 
The letter was ordered to be printed in the minutes for the 
information of the several committees: 

Chicago, III., November 20, 1890. 
Dear Sir: If your Committee have any suggestions to 
make in regard to the classification of exhibits in your depart- 
ment, I would thank you to forward them at the earliest possible 
moment to my address, Auditorium Hotel. 

Yours very truly, 

Chas H. Deere, 
Chairman Committee o?i Classification. 
Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, Vice-Chairman of the Com- K^poi't ?; 

' ' Committee 

mittee on Foreign Affairs, called up the report of that Committee Affairs^'^" 

adopted. 

and moved to strike out,, for the time being, the paragraphs 
referring to the project of Mr. W. E. Curtis for securing ex- 
hibits from the Latin-American countries, leaving them to form 
the basis of a future report. The motion was adopted and the 
report of the Committee, as amended, was adopted. 

Mr. de Young, of California, offered the following resolu- 
tion, which was referred to the Committee on Classification: 

Resolved, That in all matters of dispute between exhibitors 
and the installing officers or the heads of the different depart- 
ments, the exhibitors may appeal from the decision of said offi- 
cials to the Committee of this Commission placed over the 
department that the said exhibitor belongs in, and the decision 
of that Committee shall be final. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, in behalf of the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs, offered the following resolution, and moved its 
adoption: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Affairs be, and it 
is hereby expressly authorized, empowered, and directed to ex- 



240 Wo7'ld''s Columhian Commission.' 

Third^es- pend the sum of twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) in accordance 
Jourth ^vith the recommendation contained in the report of that Com- 
mittee, just accepted and adopted by the Commission, in defray- 
ing the costs and expenses of any such agents which may be em- 
ployed by the said Committee to visit foreign countries, or of any 
agencies employed for purposes connected with the admission of 
foreign goods for exhibition; and that for all such expenditures 
vouchers shall be duly made, and be approved by the Chairman 
or Vice-Chairman of the Committee, and also by the President 
of this Commission, as specified in the official communication 
from the Treasury Department touching this particular fund. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, raised the point of order that 
the resolution contemplated a change in the By-Laws, and was 
properly referable to the Judiciary Committee. The President 
ruled that the point of order was not well taken. 

Mr. Woodside, of Pennsylvania, offered the following proviso 
as an amendment to the resolution of Mr. Massey: 

Provided^ That no money shall be expended from the spe- 
cific fund until the President of the United States has issued his 
proclamation notifying foreign countries of the inauguration of 
the World's Columbian Exposition, as provided for in Section 10 
of the Act of Congress. 

The amendment was adopted, and the original resolution, 
as amended, was unanimously carried. 

Mr. Butt, of West Virginia, by unanimous consent, offered 
the following resolution, and moved its adoption: 

Resolved^ That the Secretary of this Commission is hereby 
directed to wire the Secretary of the Treasury forthwith, 
requesting that official to modify the regulations which require 
Commissioners to swear to their accounts, so that same shall not 
apply to the Lady Managers. 

Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, moved to strike out the last 
clause, and the motion prevailed, but the resolution, as amended, 
was tabled. 

Mr. Massey, from the Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and 
By-Laws, reported the following resolution of Mr. Britton, of the 
District of Columbia, with the recommendation that it be 
adopted: 



Minutes of the Third Session. 241 

Resolved, That the Buildings and Grounds Committee be Third sea- 

' ° slon— 

increased by the addition of two members, to be appointed by ^ay*^^^ 
the President of the Commission. 

The resolution was put to a vote, and was lost. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, for the Select Committee on 
the Duties and Powers of the Commission, stated that that Com- 
mittee would have its report ready to submit at the afternoon 
session, and moved that it be made the special order for 2 o'clock 
p. M., and the motion was adopted. 

At 12.30 the Commission took a recess. 



The Commission reassembled at 2 o'clock, and Mr. St. Clair 
submitted the following report from the Select Committee, and 
requested that it be read by Mr. Massey: 
To the President of the World' s Columbian Commission: Report of 

,, ^ . . - . . . , . the Sele 



Select 



ers of the 
Commis- 
sion. 



Your Special Committee, to whom were referred certain res- committee 

•^ ' on Duties 

olutions and amendments thereto, with direction to report the Ir^of^, 
result of their deliberation to this Commission, submit the fol- 
lowing: 

It is their opinion that this Commission, under the Act of 
Congress, possesses the powers hereinafter enuriierated, and that 
those powers are in no sense diminished or abridged by reason of 
the fact that the larger portion of the fund to be used in setting 
on foot and carrying into successful operation the World's 
Columbian Exposition is to be raised through the instrumentality 
of the local Illinois Corporation. It is the opinion of your Com- 
mittee that this fund, when raised, is a quasi-public fund, dedi- 
cated by the Act of Congress and with the consent of the Illinois 
Corporation to a specific purpose, and to be controlled and ex- 
pended in the execution of that purpose by the agencies named 
by the said Act of Congress. 

I. It is the opinion of this Committee that this Commission 
possesses the sole and exclusive power to allot space to exhibit- 
ors, to prepare a classification of exhibits, to determine the plan 
and scope of the Exposition, to appoint all judges and examiners 
for the Exposition, to award all premiums, and generally to have 
charge of all intercourse with the exhibitors and with the repre- 
sentatives of foreign nations; and that the exhibitors with whom 
this Commission is to have all intercourse are the same exhibit- 



242 Worlds Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- ors to whom this Commission is to allot space, and that a sur- 



slon— 



Fourth render by this Commission of the right and power to have such 
intercourse with the home or domestic exhibitors would be in 
effect to denationalize the World's Columbian Exposition, in the 
face of the express declaration in the preamble of the Act of 
Congress that such Exhibition shall be of a national and interna- 
tional character, and a failure by this Commission to exercise a 
duty clearly and manifestly imposed upon it by the Act of Congress. 

2. It is the opinion of this Committee that this Commission 
has the right to exercise all of the foregoing powers through its 
proper committees, and such executive and ministerial officers as 
it may name, and that under its existing organization the Direct- 
or-General of this Commission is the officer through whom space 
is to be allotted to exhibitors, the classification determined upon 
executed, and through whom this Commission, and its appropri- 
ate Committees, is generally to have charge of all intercourse 
with all exhibitors and with the representatives of foreign nations. 

3. Whilst this Commission is not charged with any duty in 
the selection of the site or grounds, or in preparing plans and 
specifications for the buildings to be erected for the Exposition, 
it has the power and is charged with the duty to reject or to 
accept and approve the same. 

4. It is the duty of this Commission to notify the President 
of the United States when provision shall have been made for 
the buildings contemplated by the Act of Congress, upona sat- 
isfactory site, and according to the plans and specifications 
accepted and approved by this Commission. 

In reference tc the powers and duties of the Illinois Cor- 
poration, your Committee submit the following: 

I. It is the duty of the Illinois Corporation to furnish the 
necessary grounds and buildings for the Exposition, subject to 
the approval or disapproval of this Commission, either as to the 
site or as to the plans and specifications for the buildings; but 
when such site shall have been finally accepted and the plans and 
specifications for the buildings finally approved, the Illinois Cor- 
poration has the sole and exclusive right to prepare the grounds 
and erect the buildings in question, and this Commission is in 
nowise responsible for the manner in which such Corporation may 
exercise this power and perform this duty; but unless the build- 
ings erected shall be in accordance with the plans and specifica- 
tions, it will not become the duty of this Commission to receive 



Minutes of the Third Session. 243 

and dedicate the same as contemplated by the Ninth Section of Third ^es- 
the Act of Congress. ^«J^'^ 

2. The Illinois Corporation may prescribe rules and regu- 
lations governing rates for entrance and admittance fees, and 
otherwise affecting the rights, privileges, and interest of exhib- 
itors and the public, and for the general conduct of the financial 
affairs and orderly management and control of the Exhibition 
during the time it may continue; but that power is to be exer- 
cised subject to the right of a majority of this Commission to 
modify such rules and regulations, and subject to its exclusive 
powers hereinbefore set out. 

3. The Illinois Corporation is to raise and provide the 
necessary funds, not less than ten millions of dollars, to be used 
and expended for the purposes of the Exposition, but such funds 
are to be used in accordance with the Act of Congress, and are 
to be expended only under the general supervision and subject 
to the approval of this Commission. 

4. The general conduct and orderly management of the 
Exhibition during the time it may continue will be in the Illinois 
Corporation, but to be exercised in accordance with rules and 
regulations to be approved by a majority of this Commission, 
and under the general supervision of its Director-General. 

5. Whilst it is desirable that the Committees of this Com- 
mission, and those of the Illinois Corporation shall act in harmony, 
it is our opinion that the last-named Committees have no power 
to originate any action in regard to intercourse with exhibitors, 
foreign or domestic, without the consent of this Commission, or 
of its proper committees or ofificers. 

Now, in view of the fact that it is absolutely essential to 
the success of this Exposition that harmonious action shall be 
had between this Commission and its officers and agents and 
the local Illinois Corporation known as the "World's Columbian 
Exposition," and of the further fact that there exist differences 
of opinion between the bodies as to their relative rights, powers, 
and duties, we recommend to the Commission the appointment 
of a special committee of not less than eight members, to be 
invested with the power of meeting and conferring with such 
representatives of the said local Corporation as it may deem 
proper to appoint, in order that this Commission may ascertain 
during its present session whether or not harmonious action can 
be had between the two bodies upon the basis indicated by this 



tuted. 



244 World's Columbian Commission. 

Report of rcDort, and to the end that this Commission may be enabled to 

Select ^ ' _ ■' 

adopted^^^ determine as to such final action as it may see proper to take. 

The report was unanimously adopted. 

Mr. St. Clair offered the following resolution: 

sei^ea cj)n. Resolved^ that a special committee of eight Commissioners, 

consM-'^^^ to be appointed by the President, be, and the same is hereby 
constituted, who shall be charged with the performance of the 
duty of conference wnth such representatives of the Local Cor- 
poration as it may deem proper to appoint, as recommended by 
the foregoing report ; and, 

Resolved^ further^ That a duly authenticated copy of said re- 
port and resolution be forthwith transmitted by the President of 
this Commission to the President of the Illinois Corporation. 

Mr. Bullene, of Kansas, moved as an amendment that the 
Committee provided for in Mr. St. Clair's resolution should con- 
sist of the six members of the Select Committee on the Duties 
and Powers of the Commission, and two others to be appointed 
by the President. Mr. Bullene's amendment was adopted and 
the resolution, as amended, prevailed. 

Mr. McKenzie, as Vice-Chairman of the Executive Commit- 
tee, called up the report of that Committee, and it was ordered 
by the Commission that the recommendations of the Committee 
should be considered section by section. 

The report of the Committee was approved as far as the 
paragraph relating to the receipt, on October i8th, of a letter from 
the Secretary of the Treasury approving the salaries of the 
officers of the Commission. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved that the section be 
approved and that the letter of the Secretary of the Treasury be 
referred to the Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws. 

A long discussion ensued, during which Mr. White, of New 
Mexico, offered the following resolution, which was temporarily 
laid upon the table: 

Resolved, That the salaries of the officers be reduced by 
half, with the exception of the Director-General, as follows: 
President, $6,000; Secretary, $5,000; Vice-Chairman Executive 
Committee, $4,000. 



M'tiiutes of the Third Session. 245 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, offered the following resolution, '^5ion-^^* 

, . , ., , . , , , , Fourth 

which was temporarily laid upon the table: Day. 

Resolved^ That the Committee on By-Laws be, and they are 
hereby instructed to inquire into the propriety of amending the 
By-Laws so as to fix the salaries of the President, Vice-Chair- 
man, and Secretary each at six thousand dollars per year, and 
report their conclusion to this Commission. 

Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, raised the point of order that the 
letter of the Secretary of the Treasury could not by itself be 
referred at this time to the Judiciary Committee, as it formed 
only a portion of the subject-matter under consideration. 

The President ruled that the point of order was well taken. 

Mr. Waller moved that the section of the Executive Com- 
mittee's report then under consideration, and the letter of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, be both referred to the Judiciary 
Committee, and the motion was adopted. 

The Commission then adjourned until lo o'clock Saturday 
morning. 



Third Session — Fifth Day, Saturday, November 22, 1890. 

The Commission met at 10 o'clock a. m., in the Council Tinrd ses- 
sion- 
Chamber, City Hall, Chicago. President Palmer in the chair. Fifth Day. 

The roll was called, and the following Commissioners and 
alternates were present: 

Commissioners- at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; Roii-caii. 
Kentucky, W. Lindsay; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; Nebraska, 
R. W. Furnas, alternate; New York, G. W. Allen. 

Commissioners of the District of Columbia. — D. Clagett, 
alternate. 

Commissioners of the States. — Alabama, G. L. Werth, 

alternate; Arkansas, J. D. Adams; California, M. H. de Young. 

W. Forsyth; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff; Connecticut, 

L. Brainard, T. M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. 

Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. 

Way; Idaho, G. A Manning, J. E. Stearns; Illinois, C. H. Deere, 
17 



246 World'' s Columhian Commission. 

ThirdSeB- A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, 
*^' W. F. King, J. Eiboeck, alternate; Kansas, C. K. Holliday, Jr., 
R. R. Price; Kentucky, J. Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisiana, 
D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, alternate; Maine, A. R. Bixby, C. 
S. Edwards, alternate; Maryland, J. Hodges, L. Lowndes; 
Massachusetts, F. W. Breed, T. E. Proctor; Michigan, M. H. 
Lane, C. H. Richmond; Minnesota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. 
Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. 
Bullene, C. H. Jones; Montana, A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, Euclid 
Martin, A. G. Scott, W. L. May, alternate; Nevada, J. W. Haines, 
G. Russell; New Hampshire, W. Aiken; New Jersey, W. J. 
Sewell, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, alter- 
nate; North Carolina, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, 
M. Ryan; Ohio, H. P. Piatt, W. Ritchie; Oregon, H. Klippel, 
M. Wiikins; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Woodside; 
Rhode Island, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. Coch- 
ran, E. L. Roche, alternate; South Dakota, S. A. Ramsey, L. S. 
Bullard, alternates; Tennessee, T. L. \Villiams, R. Strong, alter- 
' nate; Texas, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, A. F. Walker, H. Atkins, 
alternates; Virginia, V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris; Washington, 
H. Drum, C. B. Hopkins; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. 
St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr., J. L. ^litchell; Wyoming, H. 
G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate. 

' Commissioners of the Territories. — Arizona, G. F. Coats; 

New Mexico, R. M. White, L. C. Tetard, alternate; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, F. J. Kiesel, P. H. Lannan. 

Mr. Mitchell, of Wisconsin, Chairman of the Committee on 
Live Stock, submitted the following communication, which was 
read: 

Communl- CHICAGO, IlL., NoVCmbcr 21, iSoo. 

catioDh re- ^ 

fh<^^Liv.' Hon. T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Exposition, 

Stock Kx- ,,. 

hibit. City: 

Dear Sir : Permit me to inclose you copy of resolutions 
adopted at the annual meeting of the stockholders of the Amer- 
ican Short-Horn Breeders' Association, held in the city of Chi- 
cago, November 19, 1890. This is an organization composed 



Minutes of the Third Session. 247 

of about 700 short-horn breeders scattered throughout the Third ses- 

' '^ slon— 

United States and Canada. FifthDay. 

We beg that you will please present these resolutions to the 
National Board of Commissioners, with the request that they be 
referred to the place where they will "do the most good." 

I have the honor to subscribe myself, 

Yours respectfully, 

J. H. PiCKRELL, 

Secretary. 

Whereas, In the address of the Committee of eighteen 
appointed to represent the various live stock interests before the 
Columbian Exposition, said Commissioners were respectfully 
requested that large and liberal cash prizes should be paid as 
prizes for live stock; 

Resolved, That we concur in the said recommendation, and 
would urgently and respectfully ask said Commissioners to grant 
request of said committee; 

Resolved, That the Secretary of this Association send a copy 
of the preamble and resolutions to the Hon. T. W. Palmer, 
President of the Columbian Exposition; 

Resolved, That the Board of Directors be authorized to 
appropriate about $6,000.00 for premiums for short-horns at the 
Columbian Exposition, and have power to make it conditional 
that the management of the Exposition appropriate at least an 
equal amount. 

Whereas, The members of the American Short-Horn 
Breeders' Association, in convention assembled, have learned 
with sincere regret of the unfortunate action of the World^s , 
Fair Commission in deciding to place many of the most 
attractive exhibits on the Lake Front; and. 

Whereas, The proposed assignment in the location of the 
various exhibits will detract largely from the isolated agricult- 
ural and industrial exhibits to be made at Jackson Park; there- 
fore be it 

Resolved, That the American Short-Horn Breeders' Asso- 
ciation hereby protest against the proposed dual site, and hereby 
invite the representatives of the agricultural and industrial 
interests of the United States to petition Congress to enact such 
amendments to the law creating the World's Fair Commission, 
etc., as will insure the grouping together of all of the exhibits 
to be made at the Columbian World's Fair of 1893; 



248 World's Columbian Commission. 

Thirdses. Resolvedy That the Live Stock Committee of eighteen* 

Fifth Day, ^pp^-^^g^ by all the Live Stock Breeders' Associations of the 
United States to represent the animal industries before the 
managers of the Word's Fair, be, and are hereby requested to 
take such action in reference to this matter as will indicate to 
the United States Commissioners of the World's Fair the intense 
and often expressed sentiment of the breeders of live stock, 
who unanimously favor a single site for the exhibitions to be 
made at the Columbian show of 1893. 

Resolved, That the Secretary of this Association be, and is 
hereby instructed to send a copy of the foregoing resolutions to 
the President of the World's Fair Commissioners, and a copy to 
the Chairman of the Live Stock Committee of eighteen. 

Mr. Mitchell moved that the portion of the communication 
relating to cash premiums for live stock be referred to the Sub- 
Committee of the Executive Committee on the question of 
awards, and that the remainder of the communication be referred 
to the Committee on Live Stock, and it was so ordered. 

President Palmer presented the following communication, 
which was referred to the Sub-Committee of the Executive Com- 
mittee on the question of awards: 

Chicago, November 19, 1890. 
Hon. T. W. Palmer : 

Sir: I have the honor to herewith hand you a copy of the 
preamble and resolutions adopted by the American Devon Cattle 
Club, at their annual meeting, held on the 19th inst. 

Respectfully, 

D. T. Newton, 
Secretary pro tern, of American Deion Cattle Club. 

*' Whereas, In the address of the Committee of eighteen 
appointed to represent the various live-stock interests before 
the Columbian Exposition, said Commissioners were respectfully 
requested that large and liberal cash prizes should be paid as 
prizes for live stock; 

''Resolved, That we concur in said recommendation, and would 
urgently and respectfully ask said Commissioners to grant the 
request of said Committee; 

''Resolved, That the Secretar>' of this Association send a copy 
of this preamble and resolutions to the Hon. T. W. Palmer, 
President of the Columbian Exposition." 



Minutes of the Third Session. 249 

Chicago, III., November iq, 1890. Third ses- 

-^ ^ 8lon— 

To the Hon. T. W. Palmer, President of the World's Fair Com- Fifth Day. 
missioners, Chicago: 

Dear Sir: At a meeting of the Illinois Short-Horn Breeders' 
Association, in Chicago, November 18, 1890, the following 
resolution was unanimously adopted, and, on motion of said 
Association, I was instructed to forward the same to you: 

^'-Resolved, That it is the sense of the Illinois Short-Horn 
Association that an exhibit of live stock worthy of a World's 
Fair can only be had by offering liberal cash prizes." 

Yours respectfully, 

A. B. HOSTETTER, 

Secretary. 
President Palmer submitted the following telegraphic com- 
munication, which was referred to the Committee on Classifica- 

cation: 

Santa Cruz, Cal., November 21, 1890. 

Honorable The World's Fair Commissioners^ Chicago : 

The Fruit Growers' State Convention of California, assem- 
bled at Santa Cruz this 21st day of November, 1890, respectfully 
request that horticulture be made a department in World's Fair. 
Adopted by unanimous vote. 

B. M. LeLong, Secretary. 

Mr. Russell, of Nevada, offered the following resolution, 

with a request that it be referred to the Sub-Committee on 

Awards: 

Resolved^ That it is the sense of this Commission that the 
World's Columbian Exposition should set aside the sum of two 
hundred thousand dollars ($200,000), to be paid out in cash pre- 
miums to exhibitors of live stock at the World's Columbian 
Exposition, to be held in Chicago in 1893. 

Mr.. McClelland, of Pennsylvania, for the Committee on 
Classification, submitted the following report: 

Chicago, III., November 21, 1890. 
Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Com- 
mission : 
Sir: The Committee on Classification has considered the 
following resolution, introduced by Mr. de Young, of California, 
and referred to this Committee: 

'■^Resolved^ That in all matters of dispute between exhibitors 
and the installing officers, or the heads of the different depart- 



250 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- mcnts, the exhibitors may appeal from the decision of said offi- 
ffiiTDay. clals to the Committee of this Commission placed over the 
department that the said exhibitor belongs in, and the decision 
of that Committee shall be final." 

Your Committee would respectfully report back the resolu- 
tion with a negative recommendation. 
On behalf of the Committee, 

Charles H. Deere, 

Chairman. 

Before action was taken, Mr. McCelland moved that the 
resolution be referred to the Judiciary Committee without prej- 
udice to the subject-matter, and it was so ordered. 

Mr. Massey, from the Judiciary Committee, submitted the 
following report: 
Duties of The Committee on Judiciary, to whom was referred so much 

Auditing '' . . 

Commit- Qf |.|^g report of the Committee on Auditing as relates to the 
extent of their powers and duties under the organization, beg to 
report that their construction of the By-Law applying thereto 
only requires the Auditing Committee^ to examine, summarize, 
and report upon bills and accounts which have been paid, and 
does not require any action on their part preliminary to payment. 
On motion of Mr. Garvin, of Indiana, the report was 

adopted. 

Mr. Garvin, as Chairman of the Auditing Committee, sub- 
mitted a supplementary report from the Secretary, and moved its 
adoption. The report was unanimously adopted without debate. 

Mr. Atkins, of Vermont, for the Sub-Committee of the 
Executive Committee on the question of awards, submitted the 
following report, and asked that it be read and printed and lie 
upon the table for future consideration, and it was so ordered: 

Chicago, III., November 21, 1890. 
Report of To the World's Coluinbian Covwiission: 

Sub-Com- IT-. • r^ 

mitteeon GENTLEMEN: I am directed by the Executive Committee to 

transmit to your body the accompanying report of the Sub- 
Committee of the Executive Committee on Awards, with the 
recommendation that it be adopted by the Commission. 
Very respectfully, 

T. W. Palmer, 
Chairman Executive Committee. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 251 

At a meetinsr of the Executive Committee, held at Chicago Third ses- 
on the 1 8th of October, 1 890, the following resolution was adopted : ^^^h Day. 

''^ Resolvedy That a committee of four be appointed to confer 
with a like committee from the Exposition Directory, to recom- 
mend to this Committee and to the Exposition Directory whether 
awards shall be granted, and what character of awards shall be 
made, if any." 

Subsequently, President Palmer caused an official notice of 
their appointment as members of said Committee to be sent by 
the Secretary of the Commission to Commissioners Smalley, 
Thacher, King, and Britton, directing them to meet at Chicago 
on November 18, 1890, for aforesaid conference and recommen- 
dation. 

The Committee duly organized at the time prescribed, Mr, 
Hiram Atkms, alternate Commissioner from Vermont, ap- 
pearing in place of Mr. Smalley, and after several consultations 
with a committee of the Local Directory, consisting of Messrs. 
J. W. Ellsworth, Benj. Butterworth, C. H. McCormick, and E. T. 
Jeffery, and with Professor Goode, of the Smithsonian Institu- 
tion, have the honor to make the following report : 

I. Should awards be given ? 

At the outset of its investigation, the Committee were al- 
most unanimously inclined to the opinion that no awards should 
be made, but that the fact of the admission of an exhibit should 
be the evidence of its merit, to be verified in all cases by the 
same character of certificate or medal; but after conference it 
became apparent that there were practical obstacles to this plan. 
It was found, for illustration, that until exhibits were unpacked 
and properly set up in their respective places in the exhibition 
building, it would in many cases be impossible to determine their 
character. Again, many of the exhibits would not be received 
until a late day, and at the very hour of the opening of the Expo- 
sition, countless boxes would be in process of being opened and 
being set up. Again, the juries to determine awards must neces- 
sarily be quite numerous in connection with a Fair of this mag- 
nitude ; and it was found in the light of experience that it would 
be difficult and expensive to collect and to hold together such 
juries of sufficiently expert character in advance of the holding 
of the Fair. On the other hand, it would seem reasonably certain 
that the Fair, once in progress, would naturally attract to Chicago 
from all parts of the vvorld large numbers of experts in every 
branch of the classes of the Exhibition. 



252 World^s Cohimhian Commission. 

Third ses- Thcsc and similar considerations have led your Committee 

F?fthDay. to recommend that there shall be awards. 

2. What should be the character of such awards ? 

The Committee are unanimous in reporting that awards 
should not be competitive. This Exposition was designed to 
show the development of the resources of the United States and 
the progress of civilization in the new world, in comparison with 
all nations who might wish to participate. It was thought that 
it should be put in its results upon a higher plane than simply to 
indicate the relative merits of the competitive exhibits of Smith 
and Brown. It was believed that it should indicate some inde- 
pendent and essential excellence in the article exhibited, and that 
it should record some advancement in the state of the art repre- 
sented by such exhibit. 

To that end the Committee recomm'end that awards shall be 
granted upon specific points of excellence or advancement, formu- 
lated in words by a Board of Judges or Examiners, who shall be 
competent experts ; and the evidence of these awards shall be 
parchment certificates, accompanied by bronze medals. 

The awards of these Boards of Judges or Examiners will 
thus constitute an enduring and historical record of development 
and progress as represented by the exhibits in question; the 
parchment certificate will, by sufficient terms of identification, 
evidence the award, and the bronze medal will serve to the 
exhibitor as enduring mementos of his success. Those exhibits 
which in the opinion of the juries and examiners do not possess 
sufficient excellence or intrinsic development to warrant awards, 
will simply be scheduled in the general catalogue of the 
Exposition. 

3. The character of such bronze medals. 

It is recommended that there should be but one class or kind 
of medal; that they should be made of bronze; that they should 
be works of art and selected from competitive tests by the Com- 
mittee on Fine Arts of the Commission, or the Joint Committees 
on Fine Arts of the Commission and the Local Directory, if that 
should seem more desirable. 

4. Under whose jurisdiction do the awards fall, and by 
whom should the certificates or medals be furnished? 

The awards and the appointment of all judges and exam- 
iners for the Exposition, by the express terms of the Sixth Section 



Minutes of the Third Session. 258 

of the Act of Congress, approved April 25, 1890, fall within theThird^ea- 
exclusive jurisdiction of the Commission. It is not, however, so Fifth D»y. 
clear whether the certificates or medals should be furnished by the 
Commission or the Local Directory. It is, in the opinion of the 
Committee, eminently fitting that the Government should furnish 
these, especially in the case of foreign exhibits; but there does 
not appear to be provision made therefor in the existing appro- 
priation of Congress. 

It is proper to state that the Committee of the Local Direct- 
ory fully concur in all the views herein expressed, as will appear 
by a copy of the minutes of the joint committees hereto attached, 
and marked Exhibit A. 

Your Committee thereupon ask the submission of the fore- 
going recommendations for ado'ption by the Commissioners; and 
that the Committee be continued for such further and additional 
work in connection with awards as may hereafter seem to be 
necessary. 

(Signed) A. T. Brittox, Chairman^ 

Wm. F. King, 
Hiram Atkins, 
John Boyd Thacher. 

Exhibit A. 

Proceedi?tgs had at a Meeting of the Joint Conwiittee on Awards, held 
in the Office of the Secretary of the World's Columbian 
Exposition November 20, 1890. 
ist. There shall be awards. 

2d. The awards shall be granted upon specific points of 
excellence or advancement, formulated in words by a Board of 
Judges or Examiners who shall be competent experts, and the 
evidences of these awards shall be parchment certificates accom- 
panied by bronze medals. 

In the opinion of the Joint Committee, it is eminently 
fitting that the Government should furnish these certificates and 
medals, especially in the case of foreign exhibits; but there does 
not appear to be any provision made therefor in the existing 
appropriations of Congress. 
Hon. A. T. Britton, Auditorium, City: 

Dear Sir: I inclose herewith copy of proceedings of the 
Committee on Awards this afternoon. 

Very respectfully yours, 
(Signed) Benj. Butterworth, 

Secretary. 



254 World^s Columbia?! Commission. 

Report of Mr. Adams, of Arkansas, acting Chairman of the Committee 

Commit- ' ' *^ 

emo^nies^'^ on Ccrcmonics, submitted the following report, which was 
ordered to be printed and lie upon the table for future con- 
sideration: 

Chicago, III., November 21, 1890. 

Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Commis- 
sion, Chicago, 111.: 
Sir: Your Committee on Ceremonies have the honor to pre- 
sent the following report: 

At the session of the Committee in October last, the outline 
of apian for dedication ceremonies in October, 1892, was prepared 
by this Committee and presented to the Executive Committee 
for consideration. Upon motion of Mr, Smalley, the matter was 
referred back to this Committee, with full power to act and to 
appoint a Secretary. 

Since the adjournment of this Committee in October, its 
Secretary has been in correspondence with the Adjutants-General 
of the various States and Territories, and many officers of the 
Regular Army and National Guard. The replies have been 
voluminous, and most of them are well worthy of the attention of 
the Committee. 

Your Committee has, after careful consideration, decided to 
fully recommend as the prominent feature of the dedication 
ceremonies a grand military encampment and mobilization of the 
Regular Army and National Guard in October, 1892, the details 
to be hereafter considered. 

The study of proper ceremonies which will fully provide for 
the appropriate dedication of buildings in 1892, as contemplated 
by the Act of Congress creating the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion, has opened up a wide range of ideas, and your Committee, 
beyond making the one recommendation referred to, ask further 
time to fully investigate the many plans suggested, and to that 
end ask permission to have a special session of the Committee 
on January 13, 1890, or before that time should the Chairman of 
the Committee deem it necessary. 

The Commissioners will at once see the propriety of defi- 
nitely determining at this time the one feature of a grand 
review, accompanied with a national military encampment, for 



Minutes of the Third Session. 255 

the reason that the Legislatures of the various States will be in Third sea- 
session before the next session of the World's Columbian Com- ^^y- 

mission. 

Jno. D. Adams, 

Acting Chairman. 

Mr. Keogh, of North Carolina, offered the following pre- 
amble and resolution, which was referred to the Judiciary 
Committee: 

Whereas, It is provided by Section 19 of the Act of Con- 
gress creating the World's Columbian Commission that *' the 
officers of said Commission shall receive such compensation as 
may be fixed by said Commission, subject to the approval of the 
Secretary of the Treasury;" and, 

Whereas, The said Commission by its By-Laws has created 
the offices of President, Secretary, Director-General, and Acting 
Chairman of the Executive Committee, and by Articles 15 and 
16 of said By-Laws has fixed the compensation that shall be 
paid to the President, the Secretary, the Director-General, and 
the Acting Chairman of the Executive Committee ; and. 

Whereas, The present incumbents of said offices did 
assume the duties of their respective offices with the compen- 
sation affixed thereto as aforesaid; and, 

Whereas, The Secretary of the Treasury has approved the 
compensation of said officers, as fixed by this Commission; there- 
fore be it 

Resolved^ That it is not within the power of this Commission 
to decrease the compensation of .the incumbents of the offices of 
President, Secretary, Director-General, and Acting Chairman of 
the Executive Committee of the World's Columbian Commission 
as now fixed by its By-Laws and approved by the Secretary of 
the Treasury. 

Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, Chairman of the Committee on 
Printing, called up the report of that Committee and moved its 
adoption. The report of the Committee was adopted. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, offered the following preamble 

and resolution, and moved its adoption: 

Whereas, An impression prevails in some quarters that the 
session of its Board of Lady Managers is restricted to five days; 
therefore be it 

Resolved, For the information of its Board of Lady Managers, 
that no such restriction was imposed by this Commission. 



256 WorlcT s Columbian Commission. 

™fd£e8- Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved to amend by instructing 

*^* Mr. White to personally convey to the Board of Lady Managers 
the notice of the adoption of the resolution, in case of its 
passage. 

Mr. de Young, of California, moved, as an amendment to 
the amendment, that Mr. Waller and Mr. McDonald be added to 
the Committee to convey notice of the passage of the resolution 
to the Board of Lady Managers. 

On motion of Mr. McClelland, of Pennsylvania, the whole 
matter was indefinitely postponed. 

Mr. Ewing, of Illinois, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved^ That the Secretary of this Commission be in- 
structed to forward to the Governor of each State and Terri- 
tory, for the use of the Legislatures thereof, a bound copy of 
the complete proceedings of this Commission. 

Mr. Woodside, of Pennsylvania, offered the following as a 
substitute: 

Resolved^ That the Secretary of t-he Commission be in- 
structed to mail to the Governor and Governor-elect of each 
State and Territory, to the Commissioners of the District of 
Columbia, and Secretary of each executive department of the 
United States, a full report of the proceedings of this Commis- 
sion to the close of this session, so that each Governor may 
have full information in writing his message to the Legislature 
on the subject of the representation of each State at the World's 
Columbian Exposition of 1893. 

Mr. Ewing accepted Mr. Woodside's substitute, and the res- 
olution was adopted. 

Mr. Massey, from the Judiciary Committee, submitted the 
following report : 

To the Preside?it of the World's Columbian Cojnmissioti : 

Re on of ^^^* "^^^ Judiciary Committee, to whom was referred, on mo- 

ciar/com- ''^^^ ^^ Commissioner Waller, of Connecticut, that paragraph of the 

sLuries'of Executivc Committee's report to be found at the head of pae:e 

five of the official minutes of Tuesday, the i8th inst., together 

with the letter from the Honorable Secretary of the Treasury 

therein incidentally referred to, beg leave to submit the following 

report : 



Minutes of the Third Session. 257 

It is the opinion of the Committee that the paragraph re- TimdSes- 
ferred contains merely the statement of a fact, to wit : the recep- Fifth Day. 
tion by that Committee of a letter from the Secretary of the 
Treasury, which was thereupon read before the Committee, so 
that this paragraph, in fact, presents nothing which this Com- 
mittee can consider 

As to the communication from the Honorable Secretary of 
the Treasury, the Committee begs to observe that it contains his 
official approval of Articles 15 and 16 of the By-Laws of the Com- 
mission, fixing the salaries of the officers of the Commission 
therein named, so that there is likewise nothing in this branch of 
the reference which either suggests or requires any action by 
this Committee. Your Committee is not, however, disposed in 
any sense to be technical or captious, and inasmuch as it was 
manifest by the discussion in the Commission of the motion of 
Commissioner Waller that it was the desire of the Commission 
that the question of the salaries prescribed by Articles 15 and 16 
of the By-Law^s should be considered by your Committee, and 
some further deliverance made respecting the same, your Com- 
mittee considered that it ought to regard the sense of the Com- 
mission thus expressed ; and, having done so, submits the fol- 
lowing views and conclusions : 

In the original consideration of the subject of the salaries of 
these officers, your Committee, appreciating its responsibility in 
dealing with a question so delicate and important, held several 
conferences respecting the same, and endeavored to discharge its 
duty in this behalf impartially, fairly, and honestly, having due 
regard to the extent, character and responsibility of the duties 
imposed upon the several officers in their respective spheres, to 
the magnitude and importance of the great undertaking they were 
to serve and promote, and also the condition and extent of the 
Commission's resources as to funds for the payment of these and 
other expenses necessarily incident to the prosecution of its work, 
and arrived at the conclusion that the salaries prescribed by 
Articles 15 and 16 of the By-Laws, as reported, were not exorbi- 
tant, but reasonable and just, and this conclusion was reached 
with remarkable unanimity, there being, in fact, but one dissent- 
ing member of the Committee. 

In arriving at this conclusion, your Committee was, among 
other considerations, seriously impressed by the follov/ing, to 
wit: 



258 World's Columbian Commission. 

T^irdSes- i. The tenure of these officers is uncertain, and the empioy- 

FifthDay. ment necessarily temporary. 

2. In view of the national and international character of 
the great and important work these officers are required to 
undertake, it was essentially important that they should be 
representative men, specially well equipped and qualified for the 
discharge of the varied and multifarious duties necessarily inci- 
dent to their respective stations. 

3. That the character of their duties was such as neces- 
sarily to require the abandonment of all private business, their 
removal from their homes to Chicago, and their continued resi- 
dence therein during the course of their work, and the necessary 
pecuniary loss they would sustain in their business relations, 
as well as the increased expenses to which they would be sub- 
jected in this change of residence and in the social relations 
incident to their official stations. 

4. That the Congress of the United States had regarded 
the World's Fair enterprise as an undertaking of such magnitude 
and importance as to justify them in constituting this Commis- 
sion, representing all the States and Territories as well as a certain 
number at large, and endowing that body with large and respon- 
sible powers and functions, touching the government and control 
of the World's Fair, and expressly authorized the election of 
officers who should be its official heads, representatives of its 
dignity and powers, and in their several spheres ministers to 
execute its behests. 

When the former report was made, it will be remembered 
that a proposition was submitted to reduce each of the several 
salaries mentioned in the report, and the Commission, on that 
question, by a vote so practically unanimous as to furnish but a 
single dissenting Commissioner, most emphatically expressed its 
deliberate judgment that no reduction should be made; and as 
to one of these salaries, at the time of the consideration of. the 
report, there was a motion to increase it, which question the 
Commission, by a divided vote, decided in the negative. It is 
apparent, therefore, that this matter of salaries was not disposed 
of in a corner, but was fully and fairly considered and deliber- 
ately determined; and your Committee, therefore, in this aspect, 
deem it injudicious and unwise to reopen tlTe question. 

Moreover, the several officers have been installed m their 
offices and the salaries fixed, and any diminution of such sala- 
ries, except upon their suggestion and with their express consent. 



Minutes of the Tliird Session. 259 

would be unjust to them and violative of at least the moral Third ses- 

■' slon — 

obligation toward them which the Commission imposed upon Fifth Day. 
itself by the deliberate action in this behalf heretofore had. 

Your Committee are, therefore, for all the reasons stated, 
unwilling to recommend any amendments to By-Laws 15 and 16, 
unless they shall be specially thereto directed by the order of the 
Commission. 

Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, moved that the foregoing report ^'fnousiy 

adopted. 

of the Judiciary Committee regarding the salaries of officers of 
the Commission be adopted. The motion was seconded by Mr. 
McDonald, and the report of the Committee was unanimously 
adopted. 

Mr. McKenzie, Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee, 
called up the report of that Committee which was under consid- 
eration when the Commission adjourned on Friday. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, with reference to that portion of 
the report of the Executive Committee providing for the estab- 
lishment of Executive Bureaus for the administration of the 
business of the Exposition, raised the point of order that such 
recommendation was in conflict with the By-Laws of the Com- 
mission, and was, therefore, properly referable to the Judiciary 
Committee. 

Before the point of order was decided, Mr. Lindsay, of 
Kentucky, offered the following resolution, which was unani- 
mously adopted: 

Resolved^ That so m.uch of the report of the Executive 
Committee, and of the letter of the Director-General, as relates 
to the establishment of bureaus, be referred to the Select Com- 
mittee of Conference raised by the resolution adopted Novem- 
ber 21, 1890. 

Mr. Russell called up his resolution, previously offered and 
referred to the Committee on Awards, and asked unanimous 
consent that it be considered immediately. 

Mr. Sewell, of New Jersey, moved that the words '^ a liberal 
amount" be substituted for the words *' two hundred thousand 
dollars." Mr. Russell accepted the amendment, and the resolu- 
tion was unanimously adopted. 



260 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Third Bes- Mr. Groncr, of Viro:inia, as Chairman of the Committee on 

■ion— ' *=* ' 

Fifth Day. ^sinffs and Transportation, moved that so much of the report of 
that Committee as referred to the creation of a Bureau of Trans- 
portation and the appointment of a chief of that bureau be referred 
to the Select Conference Committee on the Duties and Powers of 
the Commission, and the motion prevailed. 

The Commission then adjourned until lo o'clock Monday 
morning, November 24th, 



Third Session— Sixth Day, Monday, November 24, 1890. 

Third ses- The Commission met at 10 o'clock in the Council Chamber, 

slon— Sixth 

^*y- City Hall. President Palmer in the chair. 

The roll was called, and the following Commissioners and 
alternates were present: 
Roll-call. Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; 

Kentucky, W. Lindsay; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; Nebraska, R. 
W. Furnas, alternate. 

Commissioners of the District of Columbia. — D. Clagett, 
alternate. 

Commissioners of the States. — Alabama, G. L. Werth, 
alternate; Arkansas, J. D. Adams; California, M. H." de 
Young, W. Forsyth; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff; 
Connecticut, L. Brainard, T. M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. 
Massey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. Turnbull; 
Georgia, L. McLaws, C. H. Way; Idaho, G. A. Manning, 
J. E. Stearns; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. 

E. Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. F. King, J. Eiboeck, 
alternate; Kansas, C. K. HoUiday, Jr., R. R. Price; Kentucky, 
J. Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. Mc- 
Mahon, alternate; Maine, C. S. Edwards, alternate; Massachusetts, 

F. W. Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; Minne- 
sota, M. B. Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, 
R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene, C. H. Jones; Montana, 
A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, A. G. Scott, W. L. May, alternate; 
Nevada, J. W. Haines, G. Russell; New Hampshire, W. Aiken; 



Minutes of tJie Third Session. 261 

New Jersey, W. J. Sewell, T. Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. '^ilJ.'iiL'gilth 
Breslin, alternate; North Carolina, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. 
P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, H. P. Piatt, W. Ritchie; Oregon, H. 
Klippel; M. Wilkins; Pennsylvania; W. McClelland, J. W. Wood- 
side; Rhode Island, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, J. R. 
Cochran, E. L. Roche, alternate; South Dakota, S. A. Ramsey, 
L. S. Bullard, alternates; Tennessee, T. L. Williams, R. Strong, 
alternate; Texas, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, A. F. Walker, H. 
Atkins, alternates; Virginia, V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris; Wash- 
ington, H. Drum, C. -B. Hopkins; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. 
W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr., J. L. Mitchell; Wyoming, 
H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate. 

Commissioners of the Territories. — Arizona, G. F. Coats; 
New Mexico, Jl. M. White, L. C. Tetard, alternate; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, F. J. Kiesel, P. H. Lannan. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, asked that the Select Con- 
ference Committee on the Powers and Duties of the Commission 
be allowed to sit during the session of the Commission, and it 
was so ordered. 

Mr. Breslin, of New York, moved that a recess be taken 
until 2 o'clock p. :\i., and, by request, agreed that his motion be 
temporarily laid aside. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, moved that the report of the Com- 
mittee on Ceremonies be taken from the table. After some dis- 
cussion it was voted that the report be made the special order 
immediately following the consideration of the report of the 
Select Conference Committee. 

Mr. Atkins, of Vermont, called up the report of the Sub- 
Committee of the Executive Committee on the question of 
awards, and moved that it be made the special order immediately 
following the consideration of the report of the Committee on 
Ceremonies, and it was so ordered. 

Mr. Clagett, of the District of Columbia, offered the follow- 
ing resolution, which was adopted: 

18 



262 World's Columbian Commission. 

"^slim-sixth Resolved, That the Congress of the United States be 

'^"^" requested to extend for the business of the World's Columbian 

Commission the use of the penalty-envelope privileges of the 
Post Office Department of the United States. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, in behalf of his colleague, Mr. 
Tetard, Alternate, offered the following preamble and resolutions, 
which were ordered printed in the minutes and referred to the 
Select Conference Committee: 

Whereas, It is necessary to establish a basis of operations 
upon which the National and Local organizations can act har- 
moniously, and carry out the functions of their various offices, 
and exercise their rights and prerogatives; 

Resolved^ first. That the integrity and standing of the 
several Committees created by the Columbian Commission, in 
order that the National character of the organization may be 
maintained, must remain intact. 

Resolved, second, That we are opposed to the creation or 
organization of any bureaus for the managing of the various 
departments necessary to the successful carrying on of this 
Exposition. 

Resolved, third, That a Sub-Committee of each of the sev- 
eral Committes be and is hereby created, consisting of the Chair- 
man and two members of the same Committee, one of which 
shall be selected by the Director-General and one of which shall 
be selected by the Chairman of the same Committee, who, acting 
through the Director-General, in conjunction with the Local 
Board, shall be, and are hereby empowered to act for the respect- 
ive Committees to which they belong. 

Resolved, fourth, That should emergencies of sufficient im- 
portance arise to justify the same, the Chairman of said Sub- 
Committee be, and is hereby authorized to call together or 
consult with the entire Committee of which he is Chairman 
before taking any final action. 

Resolved, fifth, That any action or decision arrived at by 
the Chairman, acting with the consent and authority of the 
majority of the full Committee, on all matters pertaining to the 
business for which this Committee was created, together with all 
matters properly referred to them, shall be final. 

Resolved, sixth. That the Chairman of said Sub-Committee 
shall be entitled to a compensation at the rate of $4,000 per 



Minutes of the llilrd Session. 263 

annum, and such expenses as are necessary or incidental to the'^p'lJ.'ijLyj^tjj 
proper carrying out of the business of the Committee of which ^''^^' 
he is Chairman. Tliis salary only to be paid while he 'is 
actually engaged in the business of the Exposition. That this is 
in no way to conflict with the compensation to which he is enti- 
tled by the Act of Congress. 

Resolved^ seventh, That the two members of said Sub-Com- 
mittee, one of which having been selected by the Chairman of 
the Committee and one of which having been selected by the 
Director-General, shall be, and are hereby entitled to a compen- 
sation at the rate of $2,500 per annum and necessary expenses 
for such time as they may be necessarily employed in the busi- 
ness of this Exposition. That this is in no way to conflict with 
the compensation to which they are entitled by the Act of Con- 
gress. 

Mr. Williams, of Tennessee, offered the following resolution, 

which was ordered to be printed in the minutes and referred to 

the Select Conference Committee: 

Resolved, That a select Committee of four (4) be appointed 
by the President, to formulate and submit to this Commission a 
bill, to be enacted into a law by the several States and Territories 
of the United States, providing for an appropriation of money in 
aid of the World's Fair, 1893, and that they formulate and assign 
reasons, if any there be, why said appropriations should be 
made. 

The unfinished business being the consideration of the 
report of the Executive Committee, Mr. McKenzie moved that 
all reference to the appointment of Mr. Jaycox as Tariff Man- 
ager be stricken out, and that the remainder of the report be 
accepted and approved. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, Chairman of the Committee on 
Tariffs and Transportation, asked unanimous consent to with- 
draw the report of that Committee with reference to the appoint- 
ment of a Traffic Manager and to submit another report at a 
future time, and consent was granted. 

The motion of Mr. McKenzie that the report of the Execu- Kcportof 

tlu! Execu- 
tive Committee be approved was adopted. mut(^'?Ts 

previously 

Mr. McKenzie moved that the President be requested to [JJJ'JjftJ^^' 
communicate to the Speaker of the House of Representatives the 



264 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- actioii of the Commission regarding the appointment of Com- 

sion-Sixth 

^*^- missioners from Alaska, as embodied in the report of the Execu- 

tive Committee just approved. The motion was adopted. 
iJeport^of j^ Mr. Allen, of Wisconsin, called up the report of the Audit- 

mftu't"'" ing Committee and moved its adoption. The report of the 

adopted. ^ 

Committee was adopted. 

Mr. Haines, of Nevada, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: ^ 

Whereas, It is desirable that an album of the photographs 
of the Commissioners and alternate Commissioners of the World's 
Columbian Commission be filed as a part of the memorial 
records; and, 

Whereas, Mr. C. D. Mosher, of Chicago, has offered to 
make such photos and prepare such album free of cost to this 
Commission, therefore 

Resolved, That this Commission accepts with thanks the said 
offer, and the members hereof are requested to visit the rooms 
of said Mosher and sit for pictures. 

The Commission then took a recess until 2 o'clock p. m. 

The Commission assembled at 2 o'clock p. m., Vice-Presi- 
dent Waller, of Connecticut, in the chair. 

The Chair presented a communication from the Secretary 
of the Board of Lady Managers, transmitting a series of resolu- 
tions regarding the appointment of a Director for the Depart- 
ment of Fine Arts of the World's Columbian Exposition, with 
the request that it be referred to the Committee on Fine Arts, 
and it was so referred. 

The Chair presented a communication from the Illustrated 
World's Fair Publishing Company, requesting photographs of 
Commissioners and Alternates not already forwarded, for publi- 
cation in that journal for December. The communication was 
read for the information of the Commission. 

Mr. Way, of Georgia, offered the following preamble and 
resolution: 

Whereas, It is the intention and desire of this C^ommission 
to recognize every interest of the nation ; and. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 265 

Whereas, It would be a matter of ijreat moment, not only Third ses- 
' b J J Blon— sixth 

to this country, but to all the world, to mark the progress made by ^^y- 
the colored race since its enfranchisement ; and, 

Whereas, Congress has, whenever the subject has been 
brought before it, manifested a desire to encourage this race in 
its self-improvement, and save for the exigencies of the session 
would have probably appropriated a sum of money to be ex- 
pended expressly for an exhibition of the work of the colored 
race; now, therefore, be it 

Resolved, That the Special Committee appointed to present 
to Congress any legislation necessary to the success of the Fair, 
be instructed to prepare a bill, and to ask Congress to pass that 
bill, appropriating an adequate sum to be expended under the 
direction of this Commission and the Director-General in pre- 
senting to the country and the world the progress made by the 
Afro-American race during its first generation of freedom. 

After considerable debate, Mr. Way offered a verbal amend- 
ment that the resolution be referred to the Executive Committee, 
with instructions to prepare a bill if in their judgment tliey deem 
it proper. A division was called for, and the resolution as 
amended was referred to the Executive Committee. 

Mr. Atkins, of Vermont, from the Sub-Committee on Awards, 
asked and was given unanimous consent to submit the following 
supplementary report: 

Chicago, November 24, 1890. 
To the World's Colui7ibian Commission: 

The Committee on Awards, to which was referred the resolu- 
-tion asking that cash premiums shall be paid to exhibitors of 
Live Stock, respectfully beg leave to report that its members met 
in joint conference with the Live Stock Committee of this Com- 
mission and the Committee of the Illinois Corporation, and after 
hearing gentlemen representing the different live-stock interests, 
the conference unanimously adopted the following: 

Resolved^ That in view of the presentation made before the 
joint committees of awards by the committee of the Live Stock 
Association as to the importance of cash premiums, we recom- 
mend to our respective bodies that a liberal appropriation be 
made for that purpose. Hiram Atkins, 

Acting Chairman. 
John Boyd Thacher, 
Wm. F. King. 



266 Woj^ld\s Columbian Commission. 

Third s,>8- The rei^iort of the (Committee embodying the recommenda- 

eion— Sixth 

^*-^" tion that cash premiums be awarded, was accepted and ordered 

to be printed in the minutes and lie upon the table for future 
consideration. 
Report of ]\ir, Atkins, by unanimous consent, called up the previous 

on ' Awalds icport of the Sub-Committee on Awards, and moved its adoption. 

adoi>tfd. 

The report was adopted. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, in behalf of the Committee on 
Ceremonies, asked unanimous consent for the consideration of 
the report of that Committee, and it was granted. 

Mr. Ryan, of North Dakota, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the report of the Committee on Ceremonies 
be adopted, and that the Committee be authorized to hold a 
meeting in January, 189 1, or at an earlier day, on the call of the 
Chairman as recommended in the report. 

Mr. Jones, of Missouri, offered the following amendment: 

Resolved, That the report be referred back to the Com- 
mittee with instructions to make the military parade or display 
subordinate to civic ceremonies, which shall include a commem- 
oration ode, addresses by distinguished orators, and a musical 
programme appropriate to the majesty, and solemnity, and 
historic siQ:niricance of the occasion. 

Resolved, further, That the foregoing resolution is not 
intended to prohibit a military contingent as a feature of the 
street pageant or display, but simply that it should not be made so 
prominent as to subordinate the civic ceremonies provided for 
the dedication of an enterprise illustrative of the industrial 
achievements of the nations of the world, and not of their phys- 
ical force and prowess. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, offered the following proviso: 

Provided, That no such display shall be made unless the 
same is approved by, and participated in, by the Local Directory. 

After considerable debate, the resolution of Mr. Ryan was 
adopted, and the other resolutions and proviso were referred back 
to the Committee on Ceremonies. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, from the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs, offered the following supplemental report: 



Minutes of the lliird Session. 2^11 

Supplementing, the report heretofore made at the pi'esentThird_|e8.^^ 
session of the Commission, and which has been duly adopted, ^^^•'^■ 
the Foreign Affairs Committee begs to submit the following: 

That, at its first meeting in New York, in conjunction with Report of^ 
the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Illinois Corporation referred ^}l^^ 
to in the preceding report, it was communicated to your Com- proJ,-ct"'^ 
mittee, by Chairman Baker of the Illinois Committee, that the •j|i>^£[»J;^. 
latter Committee had carefully examined and duly considered Bureau. "" 
a plan prepared at its instance by Mr. Wm. E. Curtis, of Wash- 
ington, D. C, which contemplated -securing a most interesting 
and comprehensive general exhibit from the territory embraced 
within the several Latin-American Republics, and that this 
scheme had received the unanimous approval of his Committee, 
which had made ample provision for the necessary fund to carry 
the same into successful operation; and he suggested that Mr. 
Curtis should be invited to appear before your Committee and 
explain, somewhat at length, the details of his plan. 

Acting upon this suggestion, Mr. Curtis was invited to 
explain his scheme to your Committee, and, in pursuance of such 
invitation, he appeared and was fully heard respecting the same. 
In order that the Commission may be fully informed as to 
the general character and details of the plan contemplated by 
Mr. Curtis, your Committee invites attention to a communication 
addressed to Commissioner Jas. A. McKenzie, Chairman of the 
Committee on Permanent Organization, dated August 22, 1890, 
in which Mr. Curtis very fully and clearly discloses, with intelli- 
gent particularity, the plan and scope of the undertaking he 
proposes, to secure an exhibit which must necessarily, in view of 
the occasion to be commemorated, possess more than ordinary, 
interest; and it maybe observed this scheme has been formulated 
and outlined by him upon the express invitation of the Com- 
mittee on Permanent Organization. This letter will be found 
in the appendix to the report of the Committee on Permanent 
Organization, from pages seventy to seventy-nine, inclusive, and 
your Committee begs that the said communication may be treated 
and considered as a part of this report as fully as if set out 
herein 171 totidem vej^bis. 

The Committee of the Illinois Corporation, in its conference 
with your Committee, expressed so strongly their conviction as to 
the propriety and importance of this undertaking, that your 
Committee would have felt great reluctance in disregarding the 
force of their recommendation, even if no decided impression 



268 World's Columbian Covimission, 

™n-sL\th ^^^^^^ been i)rodLiced on the minds uf your Committee as to the 
^"^' meritorious character of the scheme. Your Committee were, 

however, so thoroughly convinced of the substantial merit of the 
proposed undertaking, and that its successful execution would 
result in one of the most attractive and interesting features of 
the great Exhibition, that they unanimously determined that it 
ought to be favorably recommended and promptly endorsed by 
the Commission in such an authoritative manner and by the 
adoption of such methods relating thereto as could be most 
effectively employed, and having reached this conclusion, duly 
advised the Illinois Committee thereof, and the latter Com- 
mittee, acting upon such advice, as your Committee is informed, 
have already made some expenditure and undertaken a much 
larger one without delay in the line of that work, so that the 
spirit of good faith and fair dealing which has thus far inspired 
the action of the Commission, and will doubtless always control 
the same, ought to prompt decisive action without delay in 
harmony with the Committee's recommendation. 

In view, therefore, of the considerations herein suggested, it 
is the unanimous judgment of your Coinmittee, and it so recom- 
mends, that the Commission promptly take such action as may 
be most effective to adopt and recognize the said scheme as an 
agency of the Commission, and as will clothe Air. Curtis with 
the necessary and proper power and authority, as its agent, to 
carry the same into effect. 

The above report was this 24th day of November, 1890, 
submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and having been 
duly considered, was unanimously adopted, and directed to be 
submitted to the Commission for acceptance and approval. 

Attest, Geo. V. Massev, 

Secretary. 

(President Palmer in the Chair.) 

A long debate ensued, during the progress of which Mr. 
McKenzie by unanimous consent moved, and it was voted, that 
when the Commission adjourns to-day it shall adjourn to meet at 
9 o'clock Tuesday morning. 

The discussion of the report of the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs being resumed, Mr. Jones offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, 'J'hat, as it is not desirable to open the Presidential 
Campaign of i<S92 on this floor at this time, the recommenda- 



Minutes of the Third Session. 269 

tions of the Committee be indefinitely postponed ; all of which '^g^|]'^_|^|-th 
is in the spirit of the Act of Congress. ^^^■ 

By unanimous consent the report of the Committee and the 
resolution of Mr. Jones were laid upon the table temporarily. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, Chairman of the Committee on 
Tariffs and Transportation, by unanimous consent submitted the 
following report with the request that it be printed in the minutes 
and lie upon the table for future consideration: 

Chicago, III., November 24, 1890. 

Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Com- 
mission, Chicago, III: 

Sir: Your Committee on Tariffs and Transportation have 
the honor to present the following report: 

Immediately after your announcing the members of this ^'tKom- 
Committee, they met in the Pullman Building in Chicago and Tariffsami 
organized, electing Commissioner H. P. Rucker, of North Dakota, tation. 
as Secretary. After passing resolutions authorizing its Chairman 
to appoint sub-committees, and to employ such clerical force 
as was necessary to conduct the business of the Committee, 
adjourned subject to the call of its Chairman, with the under- 
standing that the Chairman would immediately correspond with 
such departments of the Government, and such railroad 
managers as would give this Committee all the preliminary 
information necessary to make reports to the Commission con- 
cerning matters of transportation sufficiently far in advance of 
the holding of the Exposition to enable exhibitors (both in this 
country and foreign countries) to know exactly the cost of 
transportation on their exhibits to and from the Exposition. 

Article 10 of the By-Laws, relating to Standing Committees, 
says: "Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, consisting of 
sixteen Commissioners, shall have consideration of all matters 
relating to tariffs, bonding and releasing of goods, and the trans- 
portation of goods that may be referred to them by the National 
Commission, in conjunction with such officers of the Treasury 
as may be appointed." 

The foregoing clearly defined the authority and power of 
the Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. This Committee, 
deeming the question of "bonding and releasing of goods " one 
of the most important to be solved, at the earliest possible date 



270 Wo7^ld''s Columbian Commission. 

Third sos- proceccJed to communicate with the Secretar}- of the Treasury, 
'^">' and its Chairman personally waited upon Secretary Windom to 

learn how far the Act of Congress establishing this Commission 
authorized assistance from that department of the Government 
as to this very important question, which had cost the Philadel- 
phia Centennial Exposition (as I have learned) much trouble and 
delay. The Secretary of the Treasury met the Chairman of this 
Committee, and at once directed one of the principal officers of 
his department to examine the legal aspects of the question, and 
to give this Committee early information upon this point; and he 
(the Secretary) expressed a desire to do all in his power to aid 
Uie Committee and the Exposition. He said if the Act of Con- 
gress did not sufficiently cover the desires and wants of the Com- 
mission, that recommendations would be made at the next meet- 
ing of Congress for further required legislation. 

The Chairman of this Committee had communicated with 
the Inter-State Commerce Commission concerning the rights of 
railroads to transport exhibits at greatly reduced rates without 
discriminating against other consignees over the same lines of 
roads. The Inter- State Commerce Commission referred this 
Committee to Section No. 22, of "An Act to regulate Com- 
merce," which says : 

" Nothing in this Act shall prevent the carriage, storage, or 
handling of property, free or at reduced rates, for the United 
States, State or Municipal Governments, or to or from Fairs 
or Expositions for exhibition thereat," etc. 

The Inter-State Commerce Commissioners were clearly of 
the opinion that this Act permitted railroads to give schedules 
of rates long enough in advance of the Exposition for every 
exhibitor, both in this country and foreign countries, to know, 
at least a year ahead of the Exposition, what the cost of trans- 
portation would be for their exhibits. At such time as was proper, 
this Committee would have communicated with the State Depart- 
ment with a view of asking the aid of Foreign Consulates in 
disseminating this traffic information. We had also communi- 
cated with the Inter-State Commerce Commission as to the 
rights of railroads to grant to the Commission, or to the Com- 
mittees (and more especially to tho.se connected with the charge 
of transportation), free annual tickets or pa.sses, with a view 
to saving the Government traveling expenses. They had 



Minutes of tlie Tliird Session. 271 

received in reply a letter from Commissioner Brao^sf (who had Tiiini sos- 

^ ■' c3c-> \ sion— Sixth 

consulted with Judge Coole^, its Chairman, and other Commis- ^'">- 
sioners) to the effect that the present law would not permit an 
action of this kind on the part of the railroads, and it will 
require a joint Act of Congress. This was done after consulting 
with several trunk-line presidents, who were willing and desirous 
of extending courtesies in this direction. 

We had communicated with the Postmaster-General, who had 
referred the communication to his legal adviser to learn if the Com- 
missioners were such officers of the Government as would enable 
them to avail themselves of the cheaper rates of telegraphing 
enjoyed by other officers of the Government, thereby saving the 
Government all the expense in this direction that was possible. 
All this was done without one dollar of expense to the 
Government. 

The sub-committees of this Committee, in their respective 
localities, without cost or expense, had communicated with rail- 
road managers, and the work of the Committee has steadily 
progressed in the most satisfactory manner. In fact, everything 
has been done by this Committee that could have been accom- 
plished at this early date. 

Now, in view of the recommendation of the Executive Com- 
mittee for the establishment of bureaus, this Committee would 
state, that in its opinion no bureau organization at this time is 
needed in the management of the Tariffs and Transportation 
Department, or could be so efficient in communicating with the 
heads of departments in Washington as a committee composed of 
Commissioners of this Exposition. Nor could any bureau organi- 
zation reach as effectively the railroad and steamship management 
of this country as this Committee has facilities for doing. They 
recognize that further on in the progress of the work of this 
Exposition it may be necessary to establish a bureau in the City 
of Chicago; but in all preliminary work your Committee believe 
that more efficient service can be rendered (and at much less 
expense) in discharging the duties imposed upon them by the 
National Commission. 

This Committee desires to express its profound appreciation 
for the courteous assistance it has received from the Committee 
on Foreign Affairs, Committee on Fine Arts, the Live Stock 
Committee, and to the various individual members of this Com- 



272 World's Coluiubian Commifislon. 

Ti>^'jj|_|^8-^jj mission who have manifested their appreciation of the position in 
i^ay. which this Committee was placed. ' 

V. D. Groner, Chairman, 
H. P. RuCKER, Secretary, 
Wm. McClelland, 
John D. Adams, 
Lewis C. Tetard, 
M. H. Lane, 
Lloyd Lowndes, 
Walter Aiken, 
Gardiner C. Sims, 
Euclid Martin, 
L. Brainard, 
L W. Haines, 
J. H. Breslin. 
By Authority: 

A. B. Andrews, 

O. R. Hundley. 

H. H. McIntyre. 

The Commission then adjourned until 9 o'clock Tuesday 
mornino:. 



Third Session — Seventh Day, Tuesday, November 25, 

1890. 

Third ses- The Commissiou met in the Council Chamber, City Hall, at 

sion— 

^ay!"^*^ 9 o'clock A. M. President Palmer in the chair. 
Roll-call. The roll was called, and the following Commissioners and 

alternates were present: 

Commissioners-at-Large. — California, AL L. McDonald ; 
Kentucky, W. Lindsay; Michigan, T. W. Palmer ; Nebraska, R. 
W. P'urnas, alternate. 

Commissioners of the District of Columbia. — D. Clagett, 
alternate. 

Commissioners of the States. — Alabama, G. L. Werch, 
alternate ; Arkansas, J. D. Adams; California, M. H. de Young, 
W. Forsyth; Colorado, R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff; Con^ 
necticut, L. Brainard, T. M. Waller; Delaware, G. V. Mas- 
sey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. Hirst, R. TurnbuU; Georgia, 



Minutes of the Third Session. 273 

L. McLaws, C. H. Way; Idaho, G. A. Manning, J. E. Stearns; Third ses- 
Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. E. Garvin, Day*;°*^ 
E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. F. King, J. Eiboeck, alternate; 
Kansas, C. K, Holliday, Jr., R. R. Price; Kentucky, J. Ben- 
nett, J. A. McKenzie; Louisiana, D. B. Penn, P. J. McMahon, 
alternate; Maine, C. S. Edwards, alternate; Massachusetts, F. W. 
Breed; Michigan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; Minnesota, M. B. 
Harrison, O. V. Tousley; Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, R. L. Saun- 
ders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene, C. H. Jones; Montana, A, H. 
Mitchell; Nebraska, A. G. Scott, W. L. May, alternate; Nevada, 
J. W. Haines, G. Russell; New Jersey, W. J. Sewell, T. 
Smith; New York, J. B. Thacher, J. H. Breslin, alternate; 
North Carolina, T. B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, 
M, Ryan; Ohio, H. P. Piatt, W. Ritchie; Oregon, H. Klip- 
pel, M. Wilkins; Pennsylvania, W. McClelland, J. W. Wood- 
side; Rhode Island, L. B. Goff, G. C. Sims; South Carolina, 
J. R. Cochran, E. L. Roche, alternate; South Dakota, S. A. Ram- 
sey, L. S. Bullard, alternates; Tennessee, T. L. Williams, R. 
Strong, alternate; Texas, J. T. Dickinson; Vermont, A. F. 
Walker, alternate; Virginia, V. D. Groner, J. T. Harris; Wash- 
ington, H. Drum, C. B. Hopkins; West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. 
W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, Jr., J. L. Mitchell; Wyoming, 
H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate. 

Commissioners of the Territories. — Arizona, G. F. Coats; 
New Mexico, R. M. White, L. C. Tetard, alternate; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, F. J. Kiesel, P. H. Lannan. 

The report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, regarding supplement- 
ary report 

the plan for securing exhibits from the Spanish-American Repub- ^^^|/,\^,jf. 
lies, beinpf under consideration, Mr. Waller, of Connecticut, elunAf- 

' * ' ' ' fairs ac- 

moved that the report be accepted and referred to the Bureau of referred"^ 
Foreign Affairs when that Bureau shall have been created. 

After protracted debate the report of the Committee on For- 
eign Affairs was unanimously accepted, and so referred. 

Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, submitted the report of the 
Joint Conference Committee on the Powers and Duties of the 
Commission, as follows: 



274 World's Columhian Commission. 

Tiiirdses- To tltc IVor/ifs Columbian Commission, aiul (o tJir Dinrtoi s of the 

c-iith Day. World's Columbiiiu Exposition : 

^'?hejJint Your Special Committee of Conference to whom were re- 

Se c-oin- ferred the resolutions adopted by your two bodies respectively, 

uiltter on , . _..,.,. "ill 1 

;iic I'ow- on their separate uirisdiction as such, beo: leave to report the re- 

tifsuf the suit of their iomt conference in the matters at issue, and so to 

rbSo them submitted : 

Directory. Your Committee have deemed it best to avoid all discussion 

upon legal issues and technicalities, and adopt such measures as 
to them seem advisable for the harmonious administration of the 
affairs of the Exposition. In pursuance of that intent, they 
recommend the adoption by your respective bodies of the plan 
of procedure, outlined as follows: 
^ifSrt-^ The work of the Exposition shall be divided into the 

incuts. following great departments, and to properly administer and 
systematize the Exposition, there shall be established a head or 
chief officer of each of these departments, such bureaus to be at 
all times open to^the inspection of the appropriate committees of 
the two bodies. Each chief shall have under his control a Bureau 
of Clerks, and shall generally have charge of correspondence 
with intending exhibitors in his department. 
^'thSof ^\)^^ salaries of the chiefs of the several departments herein- 

Buiciius. af|-gj- enumerated, and their subordinates, together with the 
current expenses of each, shall be paid by the World's Columbian 
Exposition. The salaries to be fixed by the Director-General, 
subject to the approval of the Board of Directors of said Expo- 
sition; and the right is reserved to the said Board of Directors to 
discontinue or reduce the appropriations for any one or more of 
said departments, when, in their opinion, the interests of the 
Exposition shall so require. 
Ai'poiiu-^^^ The chiefs of departments shall be appointed b)'' the Director- 

rector^*' General, subject to confirmation by the National Commission and 

General. j^Q^rd of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, and 
not by any committee of either. The Director-General shall also 
have power to appoint all subordinates necessary to the proper 
administration of the departments. 
Kemovais. Removals for cause may be made by the Director-General 

of all officers and employes appointed by him. 

DEPARTMENTS. 

^cuUvJ^De- The Departments shall consist of the following: 

pai nuns. ^ — Agriculturc, Food and Food Products, l'\'irming Machin- 

ery and Appliances. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 275 

B — Viticulture, Horticulture, and Floriculture. '^L'lon-se'v- 

C— Live Stock— Domestic and Wild Animals. enu.Day. 

D — Fish, Fisheries, Fish Products, and Apparatus of Fishing. 

E — Mines, Mining, and Metallurgy. 

F — Machinery. 

G — Transportation Exhibits — Railways, Vessels, Vehicles. 

H — Manufactures. 

J — Electricity and Electrical Appliances. 

K — Fine Arts — Pictorial, Plastic, and Decorative. 

L — Liberal Arts, Education, Engineering, Public Works, 
Architecture, Music, and the Drama. 

M — Ethnology, Archaeology, Progress of Labor and Inven- 
tion — isolated and collective exhibits. 

N — Forestry and Forest Products. 

O — Publicity and Promotion. 

P — Foreign Affairs. 

The creation of this Department of Foreign Affairs is not 
to contravene the rights and powers of the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs to control the disbursement of the $20,000 liere- 
tofore placed under their control; but the manner of such expen- 
diture shall be reported to, and be made part of, the record of 
this department, and in all other respects the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs shall bear the same relation to this department 
as other standing Committees bear to their corresponding depart- 
ments. 

The Director-General may, in his discretion, and with the^^epart- 

ments may 

consent of the Executive Committees of thQ two bodies — National Sj^You""*"''" 
Commission and Local Directory — place two or more of these 
departments under the control of one chief, and so continue 
them until necessity shall require independent chiefs. 

The expenses of the Director-General's •office and his clerk ^-TP^"^^'*^ "'^ 
hire shall be paid out of the Government funds, under the pro- See'!'*'''^ 
vision made for the payment of contingent expenses as set forth 
in Section 18 of the Act of Congress. 

Any material chani^es, modifications, or extensions in the i'^'^'isfoi' 
plans of the grounds or buildings, as adopted by the Commission fugg''"'"^' 
and the Directory, will be subject to the joint approval of the 
Board of Reference and Control of the Commission and the 
Grounds and Buildings Committee of the Directory. The 
Commission, through its Director-General, or other officer 
selected for the purpose, shall at all times have access to the 



276 World's Columbian Commission. 

inspoction grounds and buildings for the purpose of inspection and informa- 

Cominis- tion. 
sion. 

Atrentstobe It being deemed essential that representatives of the Expo- 

sioncd lin- sition should be duly accredited, it is recommended that all per- 

sons hereafter officially authorized to promote the interests of the 

Exposition shall be commissioned by the Director-General, under 

the seal of the Commission. 

BOARD OF REFERENCE. 

Board of Rcsolvcd^ That a Board of Reference and Coutrol be Created, 

iimicon-*^ consisting of the President, Vice-Chairman, and six members of 
the Commission, to be hereafter appointed by the President of the 
Commission, upon whom shall be conferred all the powers and 
duties of the Executive Committee when not in session, and 
which, with a like Committee of the Directory, to be appointed 
by their President, shall constitute a Committee of Conference, 
to which shall be referred all matters of difference, and the action 
of which thereon shall be conclusive. 

Your Committees respectfully suggest, that in their opinion, 
the adoption of the foregoing plan will render immaterial all ques- 
tions of controversy as to the relative rights, powers, and duties 
of the two bodies they represent, and insure harmonious action 
in the future. 

Lyman J. Gage, J, W. St. Clair, Chainnan, 

Thomas B. Bryan, William Lindsay, 

Ferd. W. Peck, Thomas M. Waller, 

E. Walker, , E. B. Martindale, 

E. T. Jeffery, W. J, Sewell, 
Potter Palmer, M. H. de Young, 

F. S. Winston, Geo. V. Massey, 
DeWitt C. Cregier. V. D. Groner. 

Mr. Hopkins, of Washington, moved the following amend- 
ment: 

Resolved^ That the report of the Conference Committee be 
rejected, and that the Committee of this Commission be requested 
to renew the conference so as to obtain the adoption of the 
following, to take the place of the first three lines, and the word 
"Commission " in the fourth line, on page 3, under the heading 
"Board of Reference." 

That a Board of Reference and Control be created, to 
consist of six members of this Commission, to be elected by 
ballot, at three o'clock on the afternoon of November 25, 1890. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 



277 



After considerable debate the resolution proposed by Mr. 
Hopkins was defeated, and the report of the Joint Conference 
Committee was unanimously adopted. 

Mr. St. Clair offered the following resolution, which was 
adopted: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By- 
Laws be instructed to so amend the existing By-Laws of the 
Commission as to conform them to the report of the special 
Conference Committee. 

Mr. St. Clair offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the Secretary of this Commission be directed 
to have made a seal, which shall be the official seal of this Com- 
mission, to be affixed to all official documents of the Commission, 
and to be attested by the Secretary of the Commission, who shall 
be its custodian. The design of such seal shall be selected by 
the President and Secretary. 

On motion of Mr. de Young, the resolution was unani- 
mously adopted. 

Mr. Brainard, of Connecticut, offered the following resolu- 
tion, which was adopted: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Grounds and Buildings be 
requested, at its earliest convenience, to report to this Commission 
whether any portion of the exhibition grounds has been set apart 
for the erection by the several States, Territories, the District 
of Columbia, and foreign nations, of suitable buildings to be used 
as their headquarters, the said buildings to be under the con- 
trol of the parties erectmg the same, subject to the rules es- 
tablished for the government of the Exhibition; and if so, how 
the location of such buildings shall be determined, and whether 
buildings so erected will remain the property of the parties erect- 
ing the same, subject to their disposal or removal at the close of 
the Exhibition. 

Mr. de Young, of California, submitted the following com- 
munication, which was referred to the Committee on Ceremonies: 

Resolved, That in addition to the propositions already men- 
tioned for the proper dedication of the World's Columbian 
Exposition, a "night fete" be placed in Jackson Park. That all 
the trees in the park be decorated with bright globe paper 
lanterns, using about ten thousand of them. Then, in the canals 
and lakes in Jackson Park, he suggested that there be anchored 

19 



Report of 
Joint Con- 
ference 
Commit- 
tee adopt- 
ed. 



By-Laws to 
be amend- 
ed. 



Official Seal 
of the 
Commis- 
sion. The 
Secretary 
to attest 
and be Its 
custodian. 



278 World's Columhian. Commission. 

Third ses- in the watcr, wooden forms or frames made in the shape of stars, 

8ion— Sev- t • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 

enthDay. crescents, eagles, shields, etc., on which should be placed red, 
white, and blue glass cups, illuminated with the usual wax candles. 
The effect of these illuminated colored cups, at night, would be 
as if they were coming out of the water, and would be most 
brilliant. Then, further suggests, that there be ancho.-ed out 
into the lake, in front of Jackson Park, ten large flat-boats, on 
which should be erected set pieces of fire-works emblematic of 
the day we celebrate; each of these flat-boats to be surrounded, 
around their edge, with a raised frame-work of iron, pendent to 
which should be grouped together all colors of these glass cups. 
Would further suggest, that twenty small steamboats should be 
secured and decorated with all kinds of illuminated lanterns and 
glass cups, each boat carrying a band of music, and these twenty 
boats to be kept in constant motion up and down in front of the 
park, while there should be men constantly firing from the boats 
different vari-colored bombs and rockets. Further, loo row- 
boats should be secured and properly manned, and in each boat 
should be erected a frame-work, fastened in the bow and stern, 
rising above the boat, to which should be hung colored glass 
cups and lanterns. A man should be placed in the bow and stern 
of each one of these boats, to keep up a continual burning of 
red, white, blue, and green fire. Further, the boatmen should 
be drilled to make various groupings of the boats in front of the 
park; the effect would be bewildering. The next effect would be 
the crowning one of all. In the center of the anchored flat fire- 
works boat should be built a half side view of the ship "Santa 
Maria," the boat on which Columbus discovered America. On 
this boat there should be placed a large electric plant. Then the 
figures of Columbus and his crew should be made out by group- 
ino- to^^ether different colored incandescent electric lamps. In the 
center of the ship build a column crowned with a globe, the 
whole formed with electric lamps same as the crew. The sides 
of the ship, masts, bow-sprit, etc., entirely covered with electric 
lamps. This plan, if properly carried out, would be the most 
effective and brilliant night display ever held in the new world. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, Chairman of the Grounds and 
Buildings Committee, submitted the following plans and specifi- 
cations of the buildings proposed to be erected for the Exposi- 
tion: 



ca- 
tions. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 279 

Chicago, November 21, i8qo. Third ses- 

' ^ 8lon-Sev 

To the Directors of the World's Colu7?ibian Exposition: enthDay. 

Sirs: The duty of the undersigned with respect to the Buildings 

, . for the 

preparation of plans, has, up to the present time, been to aid i-jxposi- 
Committees in studying the capabilities of different suggested sSa*"^ 
sites. These plans have been prepared without accurate data 
and upon bases in many respects hypothetical. They have been 
intended simply to aid in debate by giving a more definite form 
to verbal suggestions. 

We were yesterday advised of action of the Commission by 
which, for the first time, a general scheme of classification of the 
exhibits of the Exposition was determined, yet without fixing the 
space or the proportion of space to be assigned to each of its 
divisions. We have also received instructions, dated yesterday, 
by which we are notified that Jackson Park has been selected as 
the site of the Main Exposition; the Lake Front for parts of it, 
and the Midway Plaisance and Washington Park as reserves for 
possible other parts. We are further instructed to provide at the 
earliest possible moment, plans and specifications for buildings 
to be located in Jackson Park, and on the Lake Front. We 
have been given to know, unofficially, that it is desired that these 
required plans and specifications shall be considered and acted 
upon by the Commission at its present session, and that it is 
hoped that they may be submitted for the purpose within twenty- 
four hours. 

Although we have given the matter no little consideration, 
it is not to be supposed that the term, " plans and specifications," 
can have been used under the circumstances to which we have 
referred in a sense often allowed them. 

At a stage of the undertaking of the last Paris Exposition 
approximately corresponding to that which has now been reached 
in the development of the Columbian Exposition, the period of 
one year was given the designers, with a large, well-organized, 
disciplined, and accomplished staff of assistants, to prepare what 
have been described as the ''plans and specifications" for that work. 
It is obvious that this term cannot be used in the present case 
with the same significance. We are obliged to assume that what 
is asked of us at this time is a scheme of general arrangement 
for the principal buildings of the Exposition, with a verbal de- 
scription as specific as is practicable to be prepared within the 
time prescribed, of the more important characteristics of the 



280 WorlcPs Columbian Commission. 

Third Sea- materials proposed to be used in them, the manner of their con- 
Seventh struction, and their general style and aspect. 

Jackson Park. 

It is intended to use the entire park for purposes of the 
Fair, leaving the improved parts as much as possible in their 
present condition. The unimproved part is to be laid out in a 
manner appropriate to the whole plan of buildings, and at the 
same time follow, when possible, the lines already laid down by 
the Park Commissioners. 

The Grounds — In general, the present northern inlet is to 
be further extended, and to become an interior lagoon, that shall 
inclose the island shown upon the accompanying maps. This 
island is now covered with an extensive body of native wood; 
It is an essential point of the general design that it shall be pre- 
served and made the basis of a passage of natural landscape to 
supply an episode of scenery in refreshing relief to the grandeur 
of the buildings, and through its sylvan qualities, to the crowded 
and busy aspect that must be looked for almost everywhere else 
within the grounds. To this object it is essential that, neither 
within the limits of the island nor in close association with it, 
should structures be given a place which, by their size, their 
architectural design, or the purposes for which they are to be 
used, will interfere with the motive thus proposed to be controll- 
ing ir> the locality. 

From the lagoon above mentioned a canal will continue the 
water-way southward along the main building, and into the large 
basin which is to form the center of a great court about which 
the principal buildings of the Exposition are to be grouped. The 
banks of these land-locked bodies of water are to be finished in 
ways appropriate to the various localities through which they 
pass. Thus broad terraces and landings will be needed where 
the lagoon opens into the lake, for both the Fisheries and the 
Government Exhibits, while the shores of the island should have 
informal outlines masked with foliage. The borders of the canal 
and the basin in the court are to be treated formally, with 
embankments of stone or brick, surmounted by parapets or 
balustrades of stone, iron, brick or t^rra cotta, and opening upon 
steps and landings here and there where boating parties may 
land. 

All walks and outdoor places for assemblages of people are 
to be furnished with numerous seats and resting-places, and are 



Minutes of the Third Session. 281 

to be paved with mosaics of brick, stone or concrete blocks, Third set- 
except where gravel or stone chips may seem more expedient. lay '^'^ 

At their own expense the South Park Commissioners will 
pave the beach along the entire shore of the lake. 

The ornamentation of the grounds with turf and flowers, 
shrubs and trees, is a matter of too much detail to be here 
described. It must be studied out as the plans progress. 

Transportation — All public passenger railways, whether 
steam, cable, electric, or horse, are to enter the park at the south- 
west corner, though any of them may have stations at the Mid- 
way Plaisance or other convenient places, if kept outside the 
grounds. The width of trackage is yet to be determined upon 
by the transportation authorities,, and therefore the location 
alone can be indicated here. Those roads entering the inclosure 
will deliver passengers inside the Administration Building. 
From this place an intramural, electric, elevated road will pass 
out through the grounds, entering buildings where deemed 
advisable and having convenient stations wherever necessary. 
It will connect with the station at the Midway Plaisance and pass 
back to the Administration Building by another route, thus form- 
ing a complete circuit and making it easy to go from one place 
to another without walking. 

Visitors once in the Fair will come out of the Administration 
Station upon the Great Square, where all the spaces are very 
broad, affording ample room for the gathering or dispersing of 
large crowds. Wheeled chairs are to be always kept in attend- 
ance here. The buildings will be impressive in appearance when 
viewed from this court; and to make them even- more so, and 
also to afford protection when the weather is inclement, a grand 
open arcade will inclose this space, except toward the lake, and 
will connect the buildings together, so that visitors may safely go 
from place to place in any weather. As mentioned before, there 
will be a great water basin in the center of this court, where 
important fountains will play, forming an object of brilliant 
beauty in the sunlight, or when illumined by colored incandes- 
cent lamps at night. The basin has an outlet to the lake. This 
will be bridged by an iron, stone, or brick structure, the arch 
being made to blend with the artistic spirit of its surrounding. 

Opposite the great open court a pier, to be of such form 
and direction as may be hereafter determined, will project into 
the Lake about fifteen hundred feet. It is to be so constructed 
as to form a harbor for the landing of lake craft, and for their 



282 WorlcTs Columbian Commission. 

Thirdses- safety. The floor of the pier will slope gently upward as it 
Seventh jgads from the shore, so that visitors may look back over each 
others' heads, and get the full effect of the court and its sur- 
roundings, the paved beach covered with people, and the archi- 
tectural grandeur of the most imposing and important buildings 
of the Fair. 

There is to be a large restaurant and resting-place at the 
outer end of this pier, with a band-stand and dancing-floor in 
connection. This pier is intended to be a most noted feature of 
the Exposition. 

Without destroying the improved part on the north, the 
Horticultural Exhibit is to be placed there upon the open 
meadow. The building will be largely of iron and glass, and 
furnished with a plant for purposes of heating and ventilating. 
The large open green in front of the building will be used 
for the out-of-door horticultural exhibits. Among the trees 
near this location, and placed in a way to preserve them, 
will be a few small, finely-designed houses, either for the States 
or of some archaeological interest. These smaller structures 
are to.be ma^'e of materials substantial Enough for one season, 
but as inexpensive as possible, compatibly with the desired 
effect. 

An imposing entrance arch and Administration Station is 
to be placed on the Midway Plaisance, that may be permanent, 
and is therefore to be of lasting materials. 

According to instructions we have placed the Agricultural 
and Live Stock Exhibits in the southwestern portion of the park, 
where the land is comparatively high and well protected. For 
agriculture a main building is to be erected, in size and arrange- 
ment adapted to every need of this department and having an 
independent heating-plant. 

For live stock the buildings are to be adapted to the needs 
as shall be expressed by those having this department in charge. 
In general there will be housing for stock and their attendants, 
and hospitals for the animals. There will be grand stands and 
display wings, and other buildings to meet all proper require- 
ments. These buildings are to be temporary, and therefore to be 
cheaply erected and made largely of wood; will be carefully de- 
signed with due regard to beauty and general effect. 

Realizing the importance of the Agricultural and Live 
Stock Exhibits, it is the intention of the designers to make these 



Minutes of the Third Session. 283 

departments interesting in plan and appearance by all the arts Third s^es- 
at their command. Day!°^^ 

The Government will furnish its own building and exhib- 
its, among the latter a line of battle ship fully equipped. A large 
open campus will be left near this point for Government use and 
display. 

Across the inlet from the Government Exhibit will be the 
building for the Fisheries. A building here, as beautiful as 
possible in appearance, will be erected of durable materials, and 
fitted with every arrangement and detail to carry on the propa- 
gation, subsisting, and display of water animals. A plant for 
heating will be supplied. 

About and near the Fisheries are to be small, finely designed 
buildings, disposed in a manner not to break up the quiet of this 
expanse, which may be used for the purposes mentioned before 
when speaking of those near the Horticultural Exhibit. 

The Administration Building is to cover many functions, 
among them that of a station for all transportation lines enter- 
ing the park; a station more extensive than any now existing. 
It will also contain the full Administration forces; for informa- 
tion, for police, fire, transportation, public comfort, expenditure 
and accounts, and any other similar purposes. It is therefore 
headquarters where nearly all visitors will arrive, attend to any 
business that they may have, and depart, and where all forces 
and employes report and take their orders. It should be the 
most important in architectural appearance, and, of necessity, well 
constructed and fire-proof. 

The Machinery Hall, which will be larger than any before 
built, will not only cover machinery in the ordinar)^ sense, but 
will furnish a great central open space, spanned with wide trusses, 
where there shall be the best chance possible for the display of 
the different transportation exhibits. 

Railway tracks are to be laid in all passages, and covered 
with the floors when hot in use, so that heavy machinery may be 
moved about at will. These railway tracks are to lead out 
upon the main lines in the grounds, so that locomotives and cars 
may enter and depart without delay. Power-houses and heating 
plants will be made in connection with this building. 

The main building for manufactures is to be arranged in 
plan to cover many functions. In it, either on the ground-floor 
level or above, are to be special isolated rooms for judges and 



284 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- for sDccial socicties or committees. Here are to be restau- 

fllon— '^ 

Seventh j-ant and toilet rooms, toward the canal and toward the lake. 
The lighting of this building is to be especially cared for, and 
heating provided where necessary for comfort or to carry on 
any exhibit. 

The Electric and Mining exhibits are to occupy each a 
building across the canal from the Manufactories Building, each 
adapted to its purpose and furnished with power. The one for 
electricity is to be adapted not only for power-house and light 
station, but to be especially for all displays and contests for 
manufacturing and of the companies or persons in that business, 
and to be in itself, when seen from a distance, an object of 
beauty by day or night. 

This group of buildings, namely, the Administration, the 
Machinery, the Manufactories, the Mining and the Electric, are 
to form a whole in design; they are intended as a mass to be im- 
pressive, as a plan most convenient, and as structures to be very 
substantial. The materials entering into their composition will 
be largely iron and masonry of brick and stone, though a free 
use will be made of terra cotta, wood, staff, and other materials. 

Electricity — The lighting of the Exposition will be by 
electricity, and much of the power to be supplied will be by the 
same means. Displays are to be made under fountains and 
water-ways, and possibly under the outer lake itself. 

Steam — The special large plant will be at the Machinery 
Building, from which heat and power may be transmitted to the 
Administration Building. 

In other places needing steam there will be separate plants. 

Gas — Gas is to be used as little as possible, and only when 
demanded for set purposes of manufacture, or very late lighting. 

Water — An arrangement will be made with the City of 
I Chicago to furnish all the water required for Exposition pur- 

i poses. 

Ail buildings for exhibits are to be designed with reference 

' to the health and convenience of attendants and visitors, and 

provided with spaces for taking care of packing cases and extra 

' goods, with due regard for safety of the contents; but it is 

impossible to go into further particulars about the planning or 

exteriors at this early date. 

Sewerage — This work will be handled by those most 
expert, to insure a perfect fulfilling of its functions. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 285 

Lake Front. 

Until it is determined how much land is to be used on the Third ses- 
sion- 
Lake Front, and whether new land is to be made there, it can not IfZ,®^^'^ 

be definitely stated how the buildings will be arranged. It is 
understood, however, that buildings for what is known in the 
classification as ''Department K," and for that portion of Depart- 
ment L which is generally grouped with it, will be placed on the 
Lake Front, and that in addition large station facilities will be 
provided for the crowds who will make this ground a starting 
place for their visits to Jackson Park. 

D. H. BURNHAM, 

Chief of Construction. 
John W. Root, 

Consulting Architect. 

F. L. Olmsted & Co., 

Consulting Landscape Architects. 

A. Gottlieb, 

Consulting Engineer. 

I hereby certify that the foregoing is a correct copy of the 
plans and specifications of buildings adopted by the Board of 
Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition at a meeting 
held Friday, November 21, 1890. 

Witness my hand and the seal of the corporation this 24th 
day of November, A. D. 1890. 

Bexj. Butterworth, 

[seal] Secretary. 



Recommendation of the Committee. 

Whereas, The Directory of the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion have caused to be prepared, and have tendered to this Com- 
mission for acceptance, under the Fifth Section of the Act of 
Congress, plans and specifications of buildings "to be erected by 
said Corporation for the purposes of the Exposition," the said 
plans and specifications being so tendered under the following 
resolution of said Directory, to wit: 

Resolved^ That the plans and specifications of the grounds 
and buildings for the holding of the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition, prepared by the Consulting Architect, Landscape Archi- 
tect, and Engineer and Chief of Construction, and marked 
^* Exhibits A " and '* B," be, and the same are hereby adopted by 



286 World's Columbian Commission. 

'^sion-^^ the Board of Directors, and the same are hereby tendered to the 
se^venth Commissioners of the World's Columbian Commission, in pur- 
suance of the provisions of Section 5 of the Act of Congress; 
and it is agreed that any changes, modifications, or extensions 
that may be found necessary to be made to said plans and 
specifications, shall be made with the approval of the Committee 
of Conference and Control of the Commission and the Com- 
mitte of the Directory on Buildings and Grounds, provided such 
reference be adopted by the Commission in place of that 
agreed to, this twenty-fourth of November, 1890, by the Joint 
Conference Committee of the two bodies on their respective 
duties. 

I hereby certify that the above resolution was adopted by 
the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition, at 
an adjourned session of a special meeting of said Board, held at 
the headquarters of the Directory this twenty-fourth day of 
November, 1890. 

Witness my hand and the Seal of the Corporation. 
[seal] Benj, Butterworth, 

Secretary. 

Therefore, be it Resolved, That said plans and specifications 
are hereby accepted by the World's Columbian Commission, 
subject to the terms and conditions set out in the said resolution 
of the Directory, adopting and tendering the same. 

That this Commission, being satisfied that said corporation 
has an actual bona fide and valid subscription to the capital 
stock which will secure the payment of at least $5,000,000, and 
that not less than $500,000 has been paid in, and that the further 
sum of $5,000,000, making in all $10,000,000, will be provided 
by said corporation in ample time for its needful use during the 
prosecution of the work for the complete preparation for said 
Exposition. 

Therefore, Resolved, That the President of this Commission 
be, and is, hereby directed to transmit to the President of the 
United States a certified copy of these resolutions, together 
with a certified copy of the resolutions of this Commission 
accepting the site for the Exposition, and notifying the President 
that provision has been made for ground and buildings for the 
uses of the World's Columbian Exposition, as required by Section 
10 of said Act of Congress. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 287 

On motion of Mr. de Young, the report of the Grounds and ''gjf/J,^^^' 

_ ., ,. „ . , , 1 . . . Seventh 

Buildmgs Committee, and the resolution accompanying it, were Day. 
ordered printed, and made the special order for 2.30 o'clock p. m. 

Mr. Groner, of Virginia, Chairman of the Committee on 
Tariffs and Transportation, called up the report of that Com- 
mittee, and it was adopted. 

Mr. Woodside, of Pennsylvania, offered the following reso- 
lution: 

Whereas, Some of the Standing Committees have expended 
small sums of money for incidental expenses; therefore, be it 

Resolved, That all such accounts of Standing Committees be 
and are hereby authorized and approved by this Commission, and 
the Secretary instructed to have them paid; and the Secretary is 
further instructed to supply each Committee with such reasona- 
ble amount of stationery and postage stamps as may be necessary 
for the work of said Committees. 

On motion of Mr. Jones, of Missouri, the consideration of 
expenses in the above resolution was referred to the Finance 
Committee, and the Secretary was instructed to furnish a reason- 
able amount of stationery for the use of Committees. 

Mr. Furnas, of Nebraska, in behalf of the Executive Com- Report of 

Executive 

mittee, asked unanimous consent to make a report of the con- Si'on the 

Powers 

ference held with a Committee on the part of the Board of Lady and Duties 

^ -'of Lady 

Managers regarding their powers, duties, and privileges. Con- *'*^^^®^^ 
sent was given and the report was submitted as follows: 

Chicago, III., November 25, 1890. 
To the Hon. T. W. Palmer, President of the World's Columbian 
Commission: 
Sir: The Sub-Committee of the Executive Committee, to 
confer with a like committee on the part of the Board of Lady 
Managers, relating to their duties, powers, and privileges, report: 
That after two brief conferences of the two Committees, the 
Board of Lady Managers, through its Committee, presented, in 
writing, the following, as expressive of its wishes: 

REPORT: To the Sub-Committee of the Executive Committee of 
the World's Columbian Commission: 
The Committee of Conference, from the Board of Lady Man- 
agers, beg leave to present the following requests from that 
Board, namely: 



288 World'' s Columbian Commission. 

Third See- ist. We request a liberal construction of the Act of Con- 

slon— 

Seventh gress which creates this Board of Lady Managers and leaves its 
duties to be prescribed by your Commission. 

2d. We do not request a separate building for woman's 
work. 

3d. That the Columbian Commission fix the salaries of 
Chairman and Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers. 

4th. We request that a suitable building be provided and 
placed under the control of the Board of Lady Managers, for 
official and other purposes. 

5th. That this Board be allowed to work in conjunction 
with your Commission in efforts to interest the people of the 
respective States and Territories in the success of the Columbian 
Exposition. 

6th. We further request that the Executive Committee 
formulate their instructions to the Board of Lady Managers so 
explicitly that there may be no misunderstanding of them. 

Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, Chain?ian^ 
Mrs. John A. Logan, 
Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith, 
Mrs. John S. Briggs, 
Mary E. Busselle. 

Your Committee recommend that, under existing circum- 
stances, and for the present, salary be provided only for one 
officer, namely, that for Secretary; that her salary be fixed, for 
the present, at $1,500 per annum; that there be allowed, for the 
incidental expenses of the office of the Board of Lady Mana- 
gers, stationery, postage, books, etc., necessary for the use of said 
Board, the sum of $500 per annum; that in addition, and in 
connection with the rooms of the Secretary of the Commission, 
the President and Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers be 
provided with an office in the City of Chicago. 

That for the present the Board of Lady Managers, in mat- 
ter of committees, provide only for an Executive Committee, 
with full power to act in all matters pertaining to its work, sub- 
ject to the limitations of the Act of Congress; that said Com- 
mittee consist of twelve (12) ladies, selected in equal numbers 
from each of the four geographical divisions of the United 
States and Territories; the President of the Board to be ex-offi- 
cio member and Chairman of the Committee; that the Secretary 
shall be Secretary of the Committee, but not a member thereof. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 289 

That at the proper time a suitable building or accommoda- Third ses- 

*^ * ° slon— 

tion on the Exposition grounds be provided and placed under the ^^y!'^'^'^ 
control of the Executive Committee of the Board of Lady 
Managers for ofificial and other purposes, as requested. 

Your Committee has not attempted to give instructions to 
the Board of Lady Managers, but simply obtained its ideas and 
wishes, and recommend for your consideration the foregoing. 

We most respectfully suggest, however, that the Executive 
Committee of the Commission, in the near future, should provide 
the Board of Lady Managers with more detailed and definite 
instruction as to its line of work. The Board is composed of 
an earnest, intelligent band of ladies, from every State and Ter- 
ritory in the Union, anxious to aid in every possible way the 
great work of the National Commission. Your Committee will 
venture to express, further, the belief that without the united 
assistance of the ladies the objects of the Commission will not 
be the success its projectors and friends wish and have reason 
to expect. 

Respectfully submitted, 

RoBT. W. Furnas, 

Hiram Atkins, 

J. D. Butt, 

R. L. Saunders, 

Reese R. Price. 

Mr. Furnas also submitted a minority report from Mr. 
Williams, of Tennessee, as follows: 

Mv sense of justice compels me to dissent from majority Minority 

J ^ J J Keport. 

report in one particular only. The sub-committee of the Board 
of Lady Managers having asked for a salary for their President, 
I think it would be ungenerous to refuse their request, and I 
therefore recommend an annual salary of $2,500 for their 
President. 

Thos. L. Williams, 

Member of Sub- Committee. 

Mr. Jones, of Missouri, made that point of order, that as ^"vixnt ^ 

. . ,. . nance 

these reports and recommendations provide for expenditures of commit- 
money, they should be referred to the Committee on Finance, 
and the chair so ruled. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, offered the following resolution, 
which was referred to the Committee on Finance: 



290 World's Columbian Commission. 



^'Bion-sev- Resolved, That the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers 

"* be, and is hereby declared an officer of the World's Columbian 
Commission, 

Mr. Ryan, of North Dakota, offered the following resolu- 
tion: 

Resolved^ That the Committee on Finance be instructed to 
insert in the report of the Committee, $2,500, instead of $1,500, 
as the salary of the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers. 

The resolution was referred to the Committee on Finance. 

Mr. Mercer, of Wyoming, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 

Special Rcso/vcd, That a special Committee of four be appointed to 

fee^on^Fi- ascertain and report to this Commission the status of the ten- 

fhrchu-a- million-dollar fund required to be secured by the World's Co- 
go Direct- 
ory, lumbian Exposition before this body makes its report to the 

President of the United States. 

Mr. Bullene, of Missouri, offered the following resolution, 
which was referred to the Committee on. Finance. 

Resolved, That the salary of the Secretary of the Board of 
Lady Managers be fixed at $3,000 per annum. 

Mr. Garvin, of Indiana, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 

Resolved, That the references to the Committee on Finance 
of so much of the resolution of Mr. Woodside, of Pennsylvania, 
relative to sundry small bills of committees be reconsidered, and 
that the subject matter mentioned be referred to the Auditing 
Committee. 

Mr. White offered the following resolution, which was 
referred to the Judiciary Committee: 

Resolved, That the Secretary of this Commission be and 
hereby is instructed to make his report of expenditures to the 
Auditing Committee instead of the Commission. 

Mr. Ryan offered the following resolution, which was 

adopted: 

Resolved, That the Chairman of the several Standing Com- 
mittees be requested to carefully examine the classification relat- 
ing to their respective branches and report at the earliest time 



Minutes of the Third Session. 291 

practicable, any revisions or additions wliich they may deem ™|;'i^^g«j^,. 
necessary to tlie Committee on Classification. ^""^^^ ^*y- 

The hour of 12.30 having arrived, Mr. Waller moved to con- 
tmue the session to i o'clock. A division was called for and the 
motion was adopted, t,6 yeas, 14 nays. 

Mr. McDonald, Commissioner-at-Large, offered the follow- 
ing resolution, which was adopted: 

Resolved, That this session of the Commission do not 
adjourn sine die until the report of the Committee on Grounds 
and Buildings is fully discussed and disposed of by the Commission. 

The following invitation was received from the Auditorium 

Association: 

Chicago, November 25, 1890. 
7^0 the Worlas Columbian Commissiofi: 

Gentlemen: The Chicago Auditorium Association invites 
the members of your body to witness the spectacular production 
to be given at the Auditorium t/iis evening. Tickets for twenty- 
five boxes have been placed in the hands of your Secretary. 

Respectfully, 

Ferd. W. Peck, 
President Chicago Auditorium Association. 

The invitation was accepted, and a vote of thanks given to 
the Auditorium Association. 

The Commission then adjourned to meet at 2 o'clock p. m. 



The Commission reassembled at 2 o'clock p. m. 

The President announced the appointment of the following 
Commissioners as members of the Committee provided for in the 
resolution of Mr. Mercer, adopted at the morning session: 

Messrs. Mercer, alternate from Wyoming; Hopkins, of special Ft 

* IIBDCC 

Washington; Turnbull, of Florida, and Roche, alternate from feT™^*' 
South Carolina. 

Mr. White offered the following resolution : 
Resolved, That the President of the World's Columbian 
Commission be and hereby is respectfully directed and instructed 
to appoint the six members of the Board of Reference and Con- 
trol, which, with the President and Vice-Chairman, are to consti- 
tute the Board of Reference and Control, and to announce to 



292 Worlds Columbian Commission. 

Thtrd^ee- his Commission such appointments before this Commission 
enthDay. adjourns. 

Mr. King, of Iowa, moved to amend by striking out the last 
four words, " at his early convenience." 

On motion of Mr. Holliday, of Kansas, the resolution and 
amendment were tabled. 

Mr. Jones, Chairman of the Committee on Finance, submit- 
ted a report, and after protracted debate, on motion of Mr. Holli- 
day, the report was recommitted to the Committee on Finance, 
with instructions to report a definite sum as salary for the Secre- 
tary of the Board of Lady Managers. 

Mr. Wilkins, of Oregon, in behalf of the Committee on Agri- 
culture, submitted the following report: 

Chicago, November 25, 1890. 

To the Hon. T. W. Palmer, President Columbian Commission, 
, in session: 

The Committee on Agriculture, in special meeting, begs 
leave to submit the following report: 

That with due respect for the Committee on Grounds and 
Buildings, it enters a protest against the allotment of space for 
the exhibition of the agricultural products of the world. 

The agricultural industry being the basis of the requirements 
of life, and of that nourishment and satisfaction which gives im- 
pulse to all progress and activity to all the engagements of indus- 
try, is accorded but eleven acres and a half of the large domain 
set aside for the purposes of the Exposition. 

To this, as above, your Committee respectfully protests, not 

only recommending, but urging that not less than twenty-five 

acres of floor space, with commensurate open ground adjoining, 

be set aside for the purposes of the agricultural exhibit, and upon 

this recommendation your Committee is a unit, and very much 

in earnest. 

Very respectfully, 

M. Wilkins, Chairvian. 

Attest: Joseph Eiboeck, Secretary. 

The report was accepted and ordere^. to be referred to the 
Committee to which the plans and specifications of buildings are 
ultimately committed. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 293 

Mr. Lindsay, Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, submit- Thirdsee- 
ted the following report : '°'^ ^*^- 

The Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, pursuant Report ()f 
to the mandate of the Commission directing it to consider and [i'eVimend- 
report such modifications in the By-Laws as will make such By- l^w?.* 
Laws conform to the provisions and stipulations of the Report 
of the Conference Committee this day adopted, beg leave to 
submit the following amendments, viz.: 

1. Amend Article Fifth, by inserting in the twelfth line 
thereof, between the words "compensation " and "they," the fol- 
lowing : " Provided, however, that this selection shall only apply 
to such employes and agents as the Director-General is not ex- 
pressly authorized to select and appoint. ^ 

2. Amend Article Sixth, by inserting in the sixth line thereof, 
between the words "Commission" and "shall," the following, 
viz.: "Or of six members of the Board of Reference and 
Control." 

3. Amend Article Eighth by inserting in the fourth line 
thereof, between the words " Committee " and "and," the fol- 
lowing, viz.: "And of those of the Board of Reference and 
Control." 

Amend Article Ninth of the By-Laws by adding thereto the 
words : " The Director-General shall have the power to appoint 
chiefs of the several great departments, subject to the confirma- 
tion of the National Commission and the Board of Directors of 
the World's Columbian Exposition, and not by any Committee of 
either body. 

He shall fix the salaries of such chiefs, subject to the ap- 
proval of the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition. 

He shall have power to appoint all subordinates necessary to 
the proper administration of the several departments, and to fix 
their compensation. 

He may make removals for cause, of any and all officers and 
employes appointed by him. 

He may, in his discretion and with the consent of the Execu- 
tive Committee, or Board of Reference and Control of the Na- 
tional Commission, and the Executive Committee of the Local 
Directory, place two or more of the great departments under the 
control of one chief, and so continue them until necessity shall 

require independent chiefs. 
20 



294 World's Columbiav Commission. 

Thira ses- He shall have power by himself, or through such other officer 

slon— Sev . 

enthDay qj- agent as he may select, to inspect the grounds and buildings 
during the process of their preparation and construction ; and 
it shall be his duty, from time to time, to give information 
in relation to the progress of the work, and the manner of its per- 
formance to the Executive Committee, or the Board of Reference 
and Control of this Commission. 

The Director-General shall have power, and it shall be his 
duty, to commission all such representatives of the Exposition 
as shall be officially authorized to piomote the interests thereof. 

The expenses of the Director-General's immediate office, and 
his clerk-hire, shall be paid out of the Government funds appro- 
priated by the i8th Section of the Act of Congress for paying 
the expenses of this Commission and other contingent expenses, 
and he may select such assistants and clerks as may be necessary 
to enable him to properly discharge the duties of his office, and 
fix their salaries, subject to the approval of the Executive Com- 
mittee, or the Board of Reference and Control, of this Commis- 
sion. 

Amend Article Tenth so that the same shall read as follows: 
Article Tenth. 

Departments and Standing Committees. 

The operations of the Exposition shall be conducted and 
carried on through the medium of the following great depart- 
ments, to- wit: 

A — Agriculture, food and food products, farming machinery, 
and appliances. 

B — Viticulture, horticulture, and floriculture. 

C — Live-stock — Domestic and wild animals. 

D — Fish, fisheries, fish products, and apparatus of fishing. 

E — Mines, mining, and metallurgy. 

F — Machinery. 

G — Transportation exhibits — Railways, vessels, vehicles 

H — Manufactures. 

J — Electricity and electrical appliances. 

K — Fine arts — Pictorial, plastic, and decorative. 

L — Liberal arts — Education, engineering, public works, 
architecture, music, and the drama. 

M — Ethnology, archaeology, progress of labor and inven- 
tion; isolated and collective exhibits. 

N — Forestry and forest products. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 295 

O — Publicity and promotion. Third seg- 

P — Foreign affairs. entnDay. 

And there shall also be the following Standing Committees, 
to wit: 

The Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 

Whose duty shall be to formulate Rules and By-Laws for 
submission to the Commission, and to report on all such matters as 
may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, 
or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners, 
Which shall have consideration of all such matters relating 
to tariffs, bondage and releasing of goods, and the transporta- 
tion of goods, as may be referred to it by the National Commis- 
sion, its Executive Committee, or its Board of Reference and 
Control, in conjunction with such officers of the Treasury 
Department as may be appointed. 

Committee on Foreign Affairs, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the 
foreign exhibits of the Exposition that may be referred to it by 
the National Commission, its Executive Committee, or its Board 
of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Legislation, 

consisting of the Commissioners and alter- 
nates from each State, Territory, and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, and also the Commissioners- 
at-Large and their alternates, 

Which shall have consideration of all matters pertaining to 
the National, State, Territorial, or Municipal legislation affecting 
this Exposition. 

Committee on Fine Arts, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to fine 
arts which may be referred to it by the Commission, its Execu- 
tive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 



296 World's Columbian Commission. 

Third See- COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, HiSTORY, LITERATURE, AND 

slon— 

Seventh EDUCATION, 

Day. 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertainmg to these 
subjects that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Execu- 
tive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 
Committee on Agriculture, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to agri- 
culture which may be referred to it by the Commission, its 
Executive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Live Stock, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to live- 
stock, including domestic animals, poultry, and birds of all 
varieties, as shall be referred to it by the Commission, its Execu- 
tive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture, 
consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these 
subjects that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Execu- 
tive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Finance, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the ex- 
penditures of this Commission under the Act of Congress, or 
such other matters of finance as may be referred to it by the 
Commission, its Executive Committee, or its Board of Reference 
and Control. 

Committee on Auditing, 

consisting of four (4) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of examining and auditing all paid 
bills and accounts of the Commission; and this Committee may 
hold sessions at the call of its Chairman not oftener than once 
in two months. 

Committee on Ceremonies, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the 
inauguration of the World's Columbian Exposition, and all cere- 
monies connected from time to time therewith. 



Minutes of tlie Tliird Session. 297 

Committee on Classification, ^2ioS-^^ 

^ . / ,\ ^ • . Seventh 

consisting of sixteen (lo) Commissioners, Day- 

Which shall have charge of all subjects pertaining to the 
classification of exhibits, and the limitation of space therefor, as 
may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Com- 
mittee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Manufactures, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to this 
subject, that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Exec- 
utive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Commerce, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to com- 
merce that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive 
Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Mines and Mining, 

consisting of sixteen (i6) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to 
metallurgy, mines, and mining processes, as may be referred to it 
by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its Board of 
Reference and Control. 

Committee on Fish, Fisheries, and Fish Culture, 
consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these 
subjects as may be referred to it by the Commission, its Exec- 
utive Committee or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Electricity, Electrical and Pneu- 
MATiCAL Appliances, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these 
subjects that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Exec- 
utive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Machinery, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to 
machinery that may be referred to it by the Commission, its 
Executive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 



298 World^s Columbia?}. Commission. 

Third Ses- COMMITTEE ON FORESTRY AND LUMBER, 

Blon— Sev- 
enth Day. consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these 
subjects as may be referred to it by the Commission, its Exec- 
utive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Printing, 

consisting of six (6) Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to this 
subject, as may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive 
Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Press, 

consisting of six (6) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to this 
subject, as may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive 
Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on World's Congresses, 

consisting of eight (8) Commissioners, 

Which shall act in connection with the Local Directory in 
reference to any World's Congress that may desire to assemble 
here during the Exposition. 

Committee on Grounds and Buildings, 

consisting of six (6) Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge and supervision of the grounds and 
buildings in so far as the Commission may exercise authority over 
the same, and shall also examine and report to the Commission 
as to the provision made by the World's Columbian Exposition 
for such buildings; as it shall be thereto required, by the order 
of the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its Board of 
Reference and Control. 

Each of the said several standing committees, hereinbefore 
enumerated, shall have power and authority to investigate from 
time to time the workings of the several great departments, 
respectively, having charge of the particular subject, or subjects, 
with reference to which each such committee was created; and 
from time to time to make reports and recommendations respect- 
ing the same, either to the Board of Reference and Control, the 
Executive Committee, or to the Commission. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 299 

Amend Article Thirteenth by inserting between the words Third S|8^^ 
"Commission" and "and," in the fourth line thereof, the follow- enthDay. 

ing words, viz.: 

" Or six of the members of the Board of Reference and Con- 
trol." 

Amend Article Fourteenth by inserting, between the words 
''Committee" and "and," in line fifth thereof, the following 

words, viz.: 

"Or to the Board of Reference and Control." 

Amend further, by adding the following additional article to 

be Article "Seventeenth," to wit: 

Article Seventeenth. 

There shall be a Board, to be designated " Board of Refer- 
ence and Control," to consist ot the President of the Commission, 
the Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee, and six members 
of the Commission, to be appointed by the President, upon which 
Board are conferred all the powers and duties of the Commission, 
when the said Commission and its Executive Committee shall 
not be in session, except in cases in which the Act of Congress 
requires the action of the Commission, or of a majority ot the 
Commissioners; said Board of Conference and Control, with a 
Uke Committee of the Directory of the World's Columbian 
Exposition, to be appointed by the President thereof, shall con- 
stitute a Committee of Conference to which shall be referred all 
matters of difference, and the joint action of the two Boards, 
constituting the Joint Committee on such matters of difference, 
shall be conclusive. The said Board of Conference and Control 
shall keep accurate records of all its proceedings, and make full 
reports of the same to the Commission at each session thereof, 
within the first two days of the session. 

Amend further by adding an additional article, to-wit: 

Article Eighteenth. 

No Commissioner shall demand or receive for any service commis- 
rendered as chief of, or subordinate employe in, any of the H^^f^^^ 
great departments, any sum of money, except such as he may Pr\"n%'o°r* 
be entitled to demand and receive under the provisions made by subsist-^^ 
the Act of Congress for the transportation and subsistence of 
the members of this Commission. 

Amend further by adding the following additional article, 
viz.: 



ence. 



300 World's Qolumhian Commission. 

Article Nineteenth. 

'5ion-sev- There shall be an official seal of the Commission, circular 

enthDay. -^^ form, with the following devices thereon, viz., around the 
margin thereof the words: 

'' World's Columbian Commission, created by Act of Con- 
gress of the United States of America, organized 1890." 
In the center a vignette composed as follows: 
In the top of the circle the eagle, copied from our National 
coat of arms, perched upon the figure of a globe, and below 
it a section of the well-known picture of the landing of 
Columbus, showing the prow of the boat. 

Amend further by making present Article Seventeenth to 
be Article Twentieth. 

The report was read and debated section by section. 
Mr. Ritchie, of Ohio, during the consideration of Section 10, 
offered the following amendment: 

Whereas, The By-Laws delegate to the several committees 
that said committees shall have charge of all matters pertaining 
to the subject, or duties which shall come before such commit- 
tees, or that shall be referred to them by the Commission; now, 
be it 

Resolved^ That said committees shall have entire supervision 
and direction over all such matters as are so delegated to them, 
and over their respective bureaus. 

After the amendment had been read, Mr. Ritchie stated 
that his purpose in offering it had been accomplished, and asked 
leave to withdraw it, which was granted. 

A division being at length reached on the report of the 
Judiciary Committee up to and including Section 17 of the 
By-Laws, it was adopted; ayes, 60; noes, o. 

The proposed amendment to Section 18 was then taken up, 

and Mr. Jones, of Missouri, offered the following substitute, 

which was accepted by Mr. Lindsay on behalf of the Committee 

as an amendment: 

Nocommis- And no member of this Commission shall accept any office 

Bloncr to , , , T.i • • 1-1 1 

hold an created bv the local Ilhnois corporation to which a salarv is 
ofUcc to -^ 

ttVSi" attached, nor shall he accept any office to be hereafter created 



salary 
attached. 



by this Commission to which a salary is attached. 



Minutes of the Third Session. 301 

After protracted debate, Mr. Massey called for the ayes and "rji'^Jil^;. 
noes on the proposed amendment to Section i8 of the By-Laws, ^^ ^^' 
and the call was sustained. 

The roll was called and the amendment was adopted by the 
following vote: 

Ayes — Lindsay, Furnas, de Young, Goodell, Skiff, Waller, Ayes and 

* HOGS on 

Massey, Porter, Hirst, McLaws, Deere, Ewing, Garvin, Martin- posed'^"' 

amend- 

dale, Eiboeck, King, HoUiday, Bennett, Penn, Edwards, Lane, "^^nt. 
Richmond, Bynum, Saunders, BuUehe, Jones, Mitchell, May, 
Scott, Russell, Smith, Rucker, Piatt, Ritchie, Klippel, McClel- 
land, Roche, Cochran, Bullard, Strong, Williams, Walker, Groner, 
Harris, Drum, Hopkins, Butt, St. Clair, Allen, Mitchell, Hay, 
Tetard, White, Beeson, Miles, Kiesel, Lannan — 57. 

Noes — McDonald, Werth, Ryan" — 3. 

Absent or not Voting — Bullock, Palmer, Allen, Widener, 
Exall, Britton, Wilson, Hundley, Adams, Gregg, Forsyth, Brain- 
ard, Turnbull, Way, Manning, Stearns, Price, McKenzie, Wood- 
ward, Bixby, Hodges, Lowndes, Breed, Proctor, Harrison, 
Tousley, Hershfield, Haines, Aiken, McDuffie, Sewell, Depew, 
Thacher, Andrews, Keogh, Wilkins, Woodside, Goff, Sims, Day, 
Cochran, Dickinson, Smalley, Beckwith, Coats, Zeckendorf — 46. 

So the report of the Committee was adopted. 

Mr. Jones moved to reconsider the vote just taken and to 
lay that motion on the table, and the motion was carried. 

The Commission then adjourned to meet Wednesday morn- 
ing at 10 o'clock. 



Third Session— Eighth Day, Wednesday, November 

26, 1890. 

The Commission met in the Council Chamber, City Hall, at™nise8. 
10 o'clock A. M., President Palmer in the chair. Day. 

The roll was called, and the following Commissioners and i^'0"-caii. 
alternates were present: 

Commissioners-at-Large. — California, M. L. McDonald; 
Kentucky, W. Lindsay; Michigan, T. W. Palmer; Nebraska, R. 
W. Furnas, alternate. 



302 World\s Columbian Commission. 

Ti.irdsos- Commissioners of the States. — Alabama, G. L. Werth, 

lif ^*' alternate; California, M. H. de Young, W. Forsyth; Colorado, 
R. E. Goodell, F. J. V. Skiff; Connecticut, L. Brainard, T. M. 
Waller; Delaware, G. V. Massey, W. H. Porter; Florida, J. 
Hirst; Georgia, C H. Way, L. McLaws; Idaho, G. A. Manning, 
J. E. Stearns; Illinois, C. H. Deere, A. T. Ewing; Indiana, T. E. 
Garvin, E. B. Martindale; Iowa, W. F. King, J. Eiboeck, alternate; 
Kansas, C. K. Holliday, Jr. ; Kentucky, J. Bennett, J. A. McKenzie; 
Louisiana, D. B. Penn; Maine, C. S. Edwards, alternate; Michi- 
gan, M. H. Lane, C. H. Richmond; Mississippi, J. M. Bynum, 
R. L. Saunders; Missouri, T. B. Bullene, C. H. Jones; Montana, 

A. H. Mitchell; Nebraska, A. G. Scott, W. L. May, alternate; 
Nevada, G. Russell; New Jersey, T. Smith; North Carolina, T. 

B. Keogh; North Dakota, H. P. Rucker, M. Ryan; Ohio, H. P. 
Piatt, W. Ritchie; Oregon, H. Klippel, M. Wilkins; Pennsylva- 
nia, W. McClelland; South Carolina, A. R. Cochrane, E. L. Roche, 
alternate; South Dakota, S. A. Ramsey, L. S. BuUard, alternates; 
Tennessee, T. L. Williams, R. Strong, alternate; Texas, J. T. 
Dickinson; Vermont, A. F. Walker, alternate; Virginia, V. D. 
Groner, J. T. Harris; Washington, H. Drum, C. B. Hopkins; 
West Virginia, J. D. Butt, J. W. St. Clair; Wisconsin, P. Allen, 
Jr., J. L. Mitchell; Wyoming, H. G. Hay, A. S. Mercer, alternate. 

Commissioners of the Territories. — Arizona, G. F. Coats; 
New Mexico, R. M. White, L. C. Tetard, alternate; Oklahoma, 
O. Beeson, J. D. Miles; Utah, F. J. Kiesel, P. H. Lannan. 

The report of the Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By- 
Laws, which was under consideration at the adjournment on 
Tuesday, was taken up for further consideration. 

Mr. Forsyth, by unanimous consent, withdrew his resolution 
with regard to future stated meetings of the Commission. 

The Committee's proposed amendment to the By-Laws 
creating a new Article, to be Article Nineteenth of the By-Laws 
regarding the seal of the Commission, was amended to read as 
follows and adopted: 

There shall be an official seal of the Commission, circular in 
form, with the following devices thereon, viz.: Around the mar- 



Minutes of the Tliird Sessio7i. 303 

ein thereof the words, ''World's Columbian Commission, created Third ses- 
by Act of Congress of the United States of America. Organized 5^^.^'^ 
1890." In the center a vignette composed as follows: In the 
top of the circle the eagle copied from our national coat of arms, 
perched upon the figure of a globe, and below it a section of the 
well-known picture of the landing of Columbus, showing the 
prow of the boat. The Secretary shall be the custodian of the 
seal, and shall affix the same to all official documents. 

Amend further by making present Article Seventeenth to be 
Article Twentieth. 

The report of the Committee as a whole was then adopted, ^'f^gju^'d. 

Mr. Jones, of Missouri, Chairman of the Committee on m^ttee*"^' 

amending 

Finance, returned the report of that Committee as amended aiopted^- 
Tuesday, and recommitted with instructions to fix a definite 
amount as the salary of the Secretary of the Board of Lady 
Managers, and also the supplementary report carrying out such 
instructions, as follows: 

To the Hon. T. W. Palmer, President of the World's Columbian Report of 

' the Fi- 

Commission: -^^J^.^^_ 

The Committee on Finance respectfully report that they of*^uuiy*^ 

. . Managers 

have carefullv exammed the report of the Executive Committee and salary 

*^ of their 

in regard to the Board of Lady Managers, and also the several secretary 
resolutions referred to them by vote of the Commission, and that 
they find a large part of the substance matter of said report to be 
outside of their jurisdiction, and they therefore report back those 
portions of said report without recommendation. 

In respect of the expenditures of money for salaries and the 
expenses of the Secretary's office, as recommended by the Exec- 
utive Committee, the Committee respectfully report that the 
compensation of the Lady Managers has already been fixed by 
this body in Article Eleventh of the By-Laws, which will be 
found on pages 97 and 98 of the Official Manual, as follows: 

" Each member of the Board shall be entitled to receive six 
dollars per day for each- day necessarily absent from home 
engaged in the work of the Commission, and also the expenses 
of transportation actually incurred by her on that account." 

Under that By-Law, the Secretary of the Board of Lady 
Managers, being a member of the said Board of Lady Managers, 
would be entitled, should her duties require her constant pres- 
ence in Chicago, to compensation at the rate of 82,190 per 



304 World^s Columbian Commission. 

"^sion-^^" annum, and to a smaller sum in proportion to the length of time 
Da^*!'^ of enforced absence from home in the performance of her duties 
. as Secretary. 

Your Committee recommends that as the compensation thus 
fixed can not be changed without an amendment to the By-Laws, 
it l)e left unchanged, and that in addition thereto a room be set 
apart at the office headquarters of the Commission in Chicago, 
for the use of said Secretary and other officers of the Board of 
Lady Managers, and that there be allowed for the incidental 
expenses of said office — stationery, postage, books, etc. — a sum 
not to exceed $500 per annum. 

Your Committee would further direct attention to the fact 
that under the Act of Congress this Commission *'is authorized and 
required to appoint a Board of Lady Managers of such number 
and to perform such duties as may be prescribed by said Com- 
mission; " and to the further fact that the report of the Execu- 
tive Committee referred to them and now under consideration, 
shows that the duties to be performed by the Board of Lady 
Managers have not as yet been prescribed or defined. When, at 
a later stage of the work in connection with the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition, it shall be found that the duties of the Secretary 
are of so onerous and responsible a character as to require com- 
pensation greater than that already fixed in the By-Laws (Article 
Eleven), it will be in the power of this Commission to o^der such 
an amendment of said By-Law as your Committee is not pre- 
pared to recommend at this time. 

Charles H. Jones, C/iai'rma/i. 

Supplementary Report. 

To the Hon T. W. Palmer, President World's Columbian Com- 
mission : 

The Committee on Finance respectfully report, in lieu of 
that portion of the previous report of the committee referring to 
the salary of the Board of Lady Managers, and under the instruc- 
tions of the Commission, as follows: 

Whereas, The members and officers of the Board of Lady 
Managers are made officers of this Commission by Article Eleven 
of the By-Laws, and consequently this Commission has the pow- 
er to fix the compensation of said officers, therefore, 

Resolved^ That the salary of the Secretary of the Board of 
Lady Managers be fixed, for the present, at fifteen hundred dol- 
lars ($1,500) per annum, said salary to be in lieu of the per diem 



Minutes of the Third Session. 305 



and transportation expenses allowed to members of the Board o^ ''|LVn^^^'- 
Lady Managers by Article Eleven of the By-Laws of the Com- „aV'' 



Mr. Smith, of New Jersey, moved to strike out the words 
'' transportation expenses." 

Mr. Bullene, of Missouri, moved to amend by substitutmg 
the words *' six dollars per diem and expenses of traveling while 
necessarily absent from home," etc. 

Mr. Martindale, of Indiana, moved to amend the amendment An.ended 

,, /-pii 1 adopted. 

by making the report read " $2,000 per annum. The amend- 
ment was adopted, and the reports of the Committee, as amended, 
and as a whole, were adopted. 

Mr. Furnas, of Nebraska, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the Report of the Committee of Conference 
with the Board of Lady Managers, be and the same is hereby 
approved and adopted, as amended, and that the Secretary be 
instructed to advise the Board of Lady Managers at once of the 
action of this Commission. 

The resolution was adopted. 

Mr Martindale, Chairman of the Committee on Grounds and '^'^}'l,ll^ 

. , f')!- build- 

Buildings, called up the report of that Committee on the plans ings. 
and specifications for buildings submitted by the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition. A long discussion then ensued. 

Mr. Lindsay, of Kentucky, offered the following proviso as 
an amendment to the resolution proposed by the Committee on 
Grounds and Buildings: 

Provided, The said plans and specifications are accepted R^p;;^^^^^^ 
upon the further conditions, that the detailed plans and specifica- 
tions to be hereafter proposed, including those relating to space 
and to the material to be used in the construction of the several 
buildings, shall be subject to the approval of the Executive Com- 
mittee or Board of Reference and Control of this Commission, 
and subject to the right of said Committee or Board to be in- 
formed as to the estimated aggregate cost of said buildings, and 
of each building, and of the right of this Commission to have 
reported to it the actual cost of said building and each of them 
when completed. 

Mr. Martindale accepted the amendment on behalf of the 

Committee. 



306 



Woi'IrVs Columbian Commission. 



Third i^fs- 
eiou — 
£lphrli 
Dav. 



Buildings to 
be fire- 
proof so 
far as 
possible. 



Report 
adopted. 



A number of amendments and provisos were offered, and 
successively ordered to be laid upon the table. 

Mr. de Young, of California, moved that the resolution of 
the Committee on Grounds and Buildings be so amended as to 
read as follows: 

Resolved^ That said plans and specifications are hereby 
accepted by the World's Columbian Commission, provided that 
all the main buildings be constructed of fire-proof material, 
such as iron, glass, brick, stone, and terra cotta. 

On motion of Mr. St. Clair, of West Virginia, the amend- 
ment was laid upon the table. 

Mr. Mercer, of W^yoming, offered the following resolution: 

Resolved^ That the report of the Committee on Grounds and 
Buildings be so amended as to show the size of the two buildings 
to be erected on the Lake Front and the character of material 
used in their construction. 

On motion of Mr. Bullene, of Missouri, the resolution was 
laid upon the table. 

Mr. de Young moved that the following amendment be 
added at the end of the proviso submitted by Mr. Lindsay and 
accepted by the Committee: ** And that the main buildings, so far 
as possible, shall be fire-proof." The amendment was accepted 
by the Committee. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, moved to amend by striking out 
the words " Executive Committee or," in the blank line. The 
amendment was accepted by the Committee. 

The report of the Committee as thus amended was then 
unanimously adopted. 

On motion of Mr. St. Clair, it was voted to suspend the 
rules and continue the session of the Commission until all busi- 
ness was disposed of. 

Mr. Garvin, of Indiana, offered the following resolution, 
which was adopted: 

Resolved, That the appropriation of five hundred dollars, 
authorized by the adoption of the report of the Committee on 
Finance to be expended in the maintenance of the Secretary of 
the Board of Lady Managers, be construed and held to mean 



Minutes of the Third Session. 307 

that stationery, printed matter, supplies, postage, and office con- Thtnij^et- 
veniences be furnished by the Secretary of this Commission, lo glf/"^ 
the amount of $500, to the Secretary of the Board of Lady Man- 
agers. 

Mr. Garvin, Chairman of the Auditing Committee, submitted i^'ePudltin 
the following report, which was adopted: tee""" ^' 

adopted. 

To the World's Columbian Commission: 

The Committee on Auditing, to whom was referred certain 
claims against the Commission incurred and paid by Hon. John 
W. Woodside, for and on behalf of the Committee on Mines and 
Mining, beg leave to report that said claims are for printing cir- 
culars on the order of said Committee on Mines $5 25 

And for postage on said circulars 4 00 

Amounting to — $9 -5 

That said sum was paid by Hon. John W. Woodside; that the 
expenditures were necessary and ought to be refunded, and this 
Committee therefore recommend their payment by the Commis- 
sion. The claims are herewith returned. 

Thos. E. Garvin, 
Chairinan Connnittee on Auditing. 
Attest : Phil. Allen, Jr., 

Secretary. 

The President submitted the following communication from 
the Secretary of the Board of Lady Managers, which was read 
and ordered printed in the minutes: 

Board of Lady Managers, 
World's Columbian Commission, 

Chicago, III., November 24, 1890. 

Hon. Thos. W. Palmer, President World^s Columbian Commis- 
sion, Chicago, 111.: 

Dear Sir: I am directed by the Board of Lady Managers, 
World's Columbian Commission, to extend to you hearty thanks 
for the drive to Washington and Jackson parks on Saturday. 

Very truly yours, 

Phoebe W. Couzins, Secretary. 

Mr. Massey, of Delaware, offered the following resolution, 
which was unanimously adopted: 



308 World^s Columbian Commission. 

Third ses- Resolved. That the Secretary of the Commission be, and he 

EUthth is hereby authorized, directed, and empowered to pay to James 
McHale, Sergeant-at-Arms of the City Council, and having 
charge of the chamber in which the sessions of the Commission 
have been held, both in September and in the present month, 
the su[n of $150 for his courteous, attentive, and efficient services 
to the Commission at both said sessions; and also that he pay 
to Robert Dugan and John Brady, janitors, each, the sum of 
$35 for services rendered by each of them at the present session 
of the Commission. 

Mr. Miles, of Oklahoma, offered the following resolution, 
which was referred to the Committee on Ceremonies: 

Resolved, That in addition to the propositions already pre- 
sented for the proper dedication of the Columbian Exposition, 
in October, 1892, the proposed "Columbian Indian Band," con- 
sisting of sixty instruments, be given a place, to be under 
the control of Capt. R. H. Pratt, Superintendent Indian School, 
Carlisle, Pa. 

Mr. Strong, of Tennessee, offered the following resolution : 

Resolved, That this Commission proceed to ballot for six 
members of the Commission to be recommended to the President 
for appointment as the Board of Reference and Control provided 
for in the report of the Special Committee of Conference. 

Mr. Harris, of Virginia, raised the point of order that the 
resolution was in conflict with the By-Laws. 

Before the point of order was decided, Mr. McClelland, of 
Pennsylvania, moved that the resolution be indefinitely post- 
poned, and the motion was carried. 

Mr. White, of New Mexico, offered the following resolution: 
Legislation Resolved, That the members of the Committee on Legislation 

In the , . . , 

Htatee and be, and hereby are empowered and requested to sit during the 
Ties. sessions of their respective legislatures in their respective States 
and Territories, for a sufficient time to promote and obtain from 
said legislatures favorable legislation and appropriations for the 
furthering of the purpose and object of the World's Fair; Pro- 
vided, that no expenditure for such attendance exceed $100. 

Mr. Lindsay, from the Judiciary Committee, offered the fol- 
lowing substitute, which was accepted by Mr. White and adopted: 

Resolved, That the Committee on Judiciary, or any three 
members thereof, are authorized, after the adjournment of the 



Minutes of the Tltird Session. 309 

Commission, to confer with the Committee of the Local Third ses- 
Board of Directors, on the subject of legislation, the result of the 1,^^'*'^^ 
conference to be reported to the Executive Committee or Board 
of Control, and upon the approval thereof the said Committee 
or Board shall cause such plan as may be recommended to be 
carried into execution, and tlie Commissioners from the several 
States and Territories are authorized and empowered to commu- 
nicate with ♦■he Governors, and to appear before their respective 
legislatures, to advance such legislation as may be promotive 
of the success of the World's Columbian Exposition, provided the 
allowance for subsistence to no Commissioner shall exceed 
$60, but each shall be entitled to the transportation authorized 
by the Act of Congress. 

Mr. Hay, of Wyoming, offered the following resolution, 
which was unanimously adopted: 

Resolved^ That the thanks of this Commission are hereby 
respectfully tendered to Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Gage, the La Salle » 
Club, Washington Park Association, the Auditorium Association, • 
and other citizens and associations of Chicago for the hospitali- 
ties extended to the Commissioners during the present session. 

The Secretary submitted the following communication: 

Office of the Secretary, 
World's Columbian Commission, 

Chicago, III., November 25, 1890. 
To the World's Columbian Commission: 

Gentlemen: I have the honor to inform you that I have Report of 

-^ the becre- 

received from time to time, since the last meeting of the Com sumiay 
mission, communications, petitions, memorials, etc., from various the^E#po"-^ 
synods, churches, societies, associations, and individuals from 
almost every State and Territory in the Union, including the 
District of Columbia, protesting against the opening of the 
World's Columbian Exposition on Sunday. 

My reply to these communications has been to acknowledge 
receipt of them, and to state that when this question was taken 
up for consideration by the Commission, these communications, 
etc., would be laid before the Commission. 

As quite a number of these petitions, memorials, etc., request 

the matter to be laid before the Commission at this meeting, I 

desire to submit this communication with the accompanying 

petitions, memorials, etc , in order to receive instructions from 
21 



310 W^jjid's Cohnnhian Commission. 

Third scs- the Commissioii as to what replv I shall make to these commu- 

eliin— _ * - 

EUrhtb nications in the future. 

I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, 

John T. Dickinson, 

Secretary. 

Mr. Martindale moved that all petitions, communications, 
and memorials of the kind mentioned in the Secretary's com- 
munication be referred to the Local Directory. After con- 
siderable debate Mr. Martindale withdrew his motion and it was 
renewed by Mr. Harris, of Virginia. 

Mr. Massey moved, as an amendment, that all such communi- 
cations already received, and all that may hereafter be received 
by the Secretary of the Commission, shall remain in the files 
of the Secretary's office and be considered hereafter by the Com- 
mission at the appropriate time. 

Mr. Jones offered the following as an amendment: 

And that the Secretary of this Commission inform the peti- 
tioners that at this stage this Commission has no power to act, 
but will respectfully consider them at the proper time. 

Mr. St. Clair offered the following as a substitute for the 

original resolution and all the amendments: 

Resolved, That the communication of the Secretary be re- 
ceived and filed ; and the Secretary is hereby directed to reply to 
the communications therein referred to, and such like communica- 
tions as he may hereafter receive, stating that they will be con- 
sidered at some future meeting of the Commission, after the 
Chicago Directory has submitted its rules and regulations gov- 
erning the rates of entrance, etc. 

Mr. Massey accepted the amendment of Mr. St. Clair and 
withdrew his own resolution, and the former was then adopted. 

Mr. Butt, of West Virginia, offered the following resolution, 
which was unanimously adopted: 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Commission be, and are 
hereby extended to the President, Hon. Thomas W. Palmer, 
and the Vice-PresiJents for the fairness and ability with which 
they have presided over its deliberations. 

The Commission then, at 1.20 o'clock p. m., adjourned to meet 
in the City of Chicago on the first Wednesday of April, 1891, 
unless sooner called together by the President. 



ORDER OF BUSINESS 



FOR SESSIONS OF THE 



World's Columbian Commission. 



1. Calling of the Roll. 

2. Reading and Approval of the Minutes. 

3. Presentation of Communications and Memorials. 

4. Reports of Standing Committees. 

5. Reports of Select Committees. 

6. Motions and Resolutions. 



311 



RULES OF ORDER AND PROCEDURE 



FOR SESSIONS OF THE 



World's Columbian Commission. 



Touching the Duties of the President. 

1. He shall take the Chair every day, precisely at the hour to which ^Q].^|r*and 
the Commission shall stand adjourned, and on the appearance of a P'"^*'®^"'®- 
quorum shall cause the Journal of the preceding day to be read. 

2. He shall preserve decorum and order; may speak to points of 
order in preference to Commissioners on the floor, rising from his chair 
for that purpose. He shall decide questions of order, subject to an 
appeal to the Commission on request of any two Commissioners. 

3. He may state a question sitting, but shall rise to put a question 
to the vote of the Commission. 

4. Questions shall be distinctly put in this form, viz.: "All you 

who are of opinion that (as the question may be), say *Aye.' You of the ' 

contrary opinion, say ' No.' " If the presiding officer doubt, or a division 
be called for, the Commission shall divide; those in the affirmative shall 
fii-st rise from their seats, and afterward those in the negative. If the 
presiding officer still doubt, or a count be required, the presiding officer 
shall name two Commissioners, one from each side, to tell those in the 
affirmative and the negative; and the result being reported, he shall rise 
and state the decision to the Commission. And on every vote there shall 
be a call of the ayes and noes when demanded by five Commissioners. 

5. The presiding officer may examine and correct the Journal 
before it is read. 

6. In case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries 
or lobbies, the presiding officer shall have power to order the same to be 
cleared. 

Order of Business. 

7. As soon as the Journal is read and approved, the presiding 
officer shall call for communications and memorials. The same having 
been presented and disposed of, reports, first from the standing and then 
from select committees, shall be called for; next, motions and resolutions; 

313 



V. 



314 World's Columbian Commission. 

Rules of and if on anv dav the whole of the Committees have not been called, or, 

Order and ' ' . ^•,,i- ^in^ 

rocedure. being Called, shall not have finished their reports, or any report shall not 
have been disposed of, the presiding officer, on the next day, shall com- 
mence where he left off on the preceding day, and so on until all are 
called. 

Decorum and Order. 

8. When a Commissioner is about to speak in debate or deliver any 
matter to the Commission, he shall rise from his seat and respectfully 
address himself to " Mr. President," and, being recognized by the presid- 
ing officer, may proceed, but shall confine himself to the question under 
debate, and avoid personalities. 

9. If any Commissioner, in speaking, or otherwise, transgress the 
rules of the Commission, the presiding officer shall, or any member may, 
call him to order; in which case the member so called to order shall 
immediately sit down, unless permitted to explain; and the Commission, 
if appealed to, shall decide on the case; if there be no appeal, the 
decision of the presiding officer shall be submitted to. If the decisipn be 
in favor of the Commissioner called to order, he shall be at liberty to 
proceed; if otherwise, he shall not be at liberty to proceed without leave 
of the Commission; and if the case require it, he shall be liable to the 
censure of the Commission. 

10. If a Commissioner be called to order by another for words 
spoken in debate, the exceptional words shall be immediately taken down 
in writing by the Secretary, that the presiding officer may be better able 
to judge of the matter. 

11. When two or more Commissioners rise at once, the presiding 
officer shall name the Commissioner who first addressed the Chair as the 
one entitled to the floor. 

12. No Commissioner shall speak more than twice to the same ques- 
tion without leave of the Commission, nor more than once until every 
Commissioner choosing to speak shall have spoken. But the Chairman of 
a Committee reporting, or the mover of the pending resolution or propo- 
sition, shall have the right to conclude the debate. 

13. While the presiding officer is putting any question or addressing 
the Commission, none shall walk out or across the chamber; nor when a 
Commissioner is speaking shall any other entertain private discourse, or 
pass between him and the Chair. 

14. No Commissioner shall vote on any question in the event of 
which he is immediately or jiarticularly interested, or in any case where 
he was not present when the question was put, unless by the unanimous 
consent of the Commission. 



Mutes of Order and Procedure. 315 

15. Every Commissioner who shall be present when the question is ^("J.^"g°^an^ 
put shall give his vote, unless the Commission, for special reasons, or the Procedure, 
presiding officer, upon being satisfied that the motion or request is made 

for dilatory purposes, shall excuse him. 

16. When a motion is made and seconded, it shall be stated by the 
presiding officer, or, being in writing, shall be handed to the Chair, and 
read aloud by the Clerk before debated. 

17. Every motion shall be reduced to writing, if the presiding officer 
or any Commissioner desire it. 

18. After a motion is stated by the presiding officer, or read by the 
Clerk, it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Commission, but 
may be withdrawn, if there be no objection, at any time before a decision 
or amendment. 

Dignity and Privilege of Questions. 

19. When a question is under debate, no motion shall be received 
but to fix the time to which the Commission shall adjourn, to adjourn 
to lie on the table, for the previous question, to postpone to a day certain, 
to commit, or to postpone indefinitely, which several motions shall have 
precedence in the order in which they are arranged. 

20. When a motion is made to refer any subject, and different 
committees are named, the question shall be taken in the following 
order: i. To a Committee of the Whole. 2. A Standing Committee. 
3. A Select Committee. 

21. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order: that, and the 
motion to lie on the table, to suspend the rules, and for the previous 
question, shall be decided without debate. 

22. The previous question being moved and seconded by not less 
than ten Commissioners, the question from the Chair shall be, "Shall the 
main question be now put?" and if the nays prevail, the main question 
shall not then be put. But a refusal to order the previous question shall 
not bar the Commission from forthwith proceeding to the consideration 
of the subject. The effects of the previous question shall be to put an 
end to all debate (except that the Chairman of the Committee reporting, 
or the mover of the pending resolution or motion, may occupy not 
more than twenty (20) minutes in concluding the debate after such 
order) and bring the Commission to a direct vote upon amendments 
offered, or read for information, before ordering the previous question, 
and then upon the main question. Alter the previous question h.;s been 
ordered, and until it shall have been exhausted, no motion shall be 
allowed by the presiding officer, except one motion to adjourn and to fix 
the time to which the Commission shall adjourn. A second motion for 
the previous question shall not be in order on the same day upon the 
same question, at the same stage thereof. 



316 Workr^t Cohimhian Commission. 

Rules of 2x. When a question is postponed indefinitely, the same shall not 

Procedure be acted on again during the session. 

24. Any Commissioner may call for a division of the question, 
which shall be divided, if it comprehends questions so distinct that, one 
being taken away, the rest may stand entire for the decision of the Com- 
mission; a motion to strike out and insert shall be deemed divisible. 
But a motion to strike out being lost, shall preclude neither amendment 
nor a motion to strike out and insert. Nor shall a motion to strike out 
and insert one thing, being lost, preclude a motion to strike out and 
insert a different thing. 

25. Motions and reports on any subject may be committed at the 
pleasure of the Commission. 

26. A motion to postpone or commit an amendment, thereby to 
separate it from the main question, shall not be in order. 

27. No motion to reconsider any vote given shall be made, unless 
within two days (Sunday excepted) after such vote was given, unless a 
majority of three-fourths present concur therein; and. the motion to 
reconsider shall be a privileged motion, and must be made by a Commis- 
sioner who voted with the prevailing side. 

28. No motion or proposition different from that under considera- 
tion shall be admitted under color of amendment. 

29. When a paper is first presented to the Commission, it shall be a 
" matter of right in anv Commissioner to have it read before the Commis- 
sion shall vote upon 'it. If the paper has been once read, or the reading 
dispensed with, and the reading be again required and objected to, a 
shall be determined by a vote of the Commission. 

30. The unfinished business in which the Commission was engaged 
at the last preceding adjournment shall hav<j the preference in that class 
of business to which it appropriately belongs; and no motion, or any 
other business, unless a privileged one, shall be received without special 
leave of the Commission, until the former is disposed of. 

31. The standing rules of the Commission, and the regular order of 
business, shall not be suspended or interrupted, unless by a vote of iwo- 
thirds of the Commissioners present. 

32. Communications, memorials, and other papers, addressed to 
the Commission, shall be presented by the presiding offtcer, or by a 
member in his place; a brief statement of the contents thereof shall be 
verbally made by the introducer before received or disposed ot. 

2,T, Upon call of the Commission to take the yeas and nays on any 
question, the names of the Commissioners-at-Large shall first be called 
in alphabetical order; then the Commissioners of the States in the alpiia- 
betical order of the States; then the Commissioners of the Territories in 



Rules of Order and Procedure. 317 

the alphabetical order of the Territories, and then the Commissioners of Rules of 
the District of Columbia. The ayes and noes shall not be ordered unless Procedure, 
upon the demand of five (5) Commissioners. 

34. No committee shall sit during the sitting of the Commission 
without special leave. 

35. All questions of order shall be noted by the Clerk upon the 
Journal, with a decision thereon when an appeal shall be taken. 

2,6. All questions relating to the order of business to be acted upon 
shall be decided without debate. 

37. Every motion to alter, change, or add to the standing rules of 
the Commission shall be referred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, 
and Regulations; and all resolutions presented shall be disposed of by 
the Commission, unless postponed, referred, or committed to a com- 
mittee. 

38. An order to lay on the table an amendment, or substitute, shall 
not carry with it the original proposition or motion. 

Quorum. 

39. A quorum shall consist of not less than a majority of the Com- 
missioners, but the alternates representing absent Commissioners shall 
be counted as Commissioners. 



BY-LAWS 



OF THE 



World's Columbian Commission 



ARTICLE FIRST. 

OFFICIAL TITLE. 

This body shall be known by the title of the ''World's Columbian By-Laws. 
Commission," as designated by the act of Congress, approved April 25, 
1890; and the celebration with reference to which the Commission is 
created shall be known as the "World's Columbian Exposition." 

ARTICLE SECOND. 

QUORUM. 

A quorum for the transaction of business shall consist of not less 
than a majority of the Commissioners, but the alternates representing 
absent Commissioners shall be counted as Commissioners. 

ARTICLE THIRD. 

POWERS OF ALTERNATE COMMISSIONER. 

An alternate Commissioner shall assume and perform the duties of 
the Commissioner whose alternate he is only when his principal may be 
unable to attend the meetings of the Commission. Service upon stand- 
ing or special committees shall not devolve upon an alternate Commis- 
sioner whose principal is a member thereof, unless in the absence of such 
principal service upon such committee shall be specially assigned to the 
alternate by the Commission. 

ARTICLE FOURTH. 

OFFICERS OF THE COMMISSION. 

The officers of this Commission shall consist of a President, whose 
official title shall be President of the "World's Columbian Commission;" 
five Vice-Presidents, who shall be denominated First, Second, Third, 
Fourth, and Fifth Vice-Presidents; the First Vice-President shall be of 
opposite politics to the President, and the other four shall be divided 
equally in politics; a Secretary; a Director-General; all of whom shall 
hold their offices at the pleasure of the Commission, and the Board of 

319 



320 WotIcV s Columhian Commission. 

By-Laws. Lady Managers authorized by Section 6 of the act of Congress, of the 
number hereinafter specified, and as heretofore fixed by the Commission. 

ARTICLE FIFTH. 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

There shall be an Executive Committee, consisting of twenty-six 
members, of whom the President shall be one, and ex-officio Chairman, 
and the remaining twenty-five shall be by him appointed in accordance 
with the spirit of the act of Congress. The said Committee, when the 
Commission is not in session, shall have all the powers of the National 
Commission, except in cases in which the act of Congress requires the 
action of the Commission or a majority of the Commissioners. A majority 
of its members shall constitute a quorum, and the Committee may make 
such regulations for its own government and the exercise of its functions 
through the medium of such Sub-Committees as it may consider expedient. 
This Committee shall select such emplo3^es and agents as may be neces- 
sary, shall define their duties and fix their compensation: Provided, 
however, that this selection shall only apply to such employes ar.d agents 
as the Director-General is not expressly authorized to select and appoint. 
They shall report fully all their transactions to the Commission at its 
stated and special meetings. In case of any vacancy in the Committee, 
the same shall be filled by appointment by the President. In all cases 
where Commissioners who are members of the Executive Committee are 
absent, their alternates are directed to represent them on that Committee. 

ARTICLE SIXTH. 

DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT. 

The President shall preside over all the meetings of the Commission, 
and shall apoint all committees, unless otherwise directed by the Com- 
mission, and he shall have all the powers and authority incident to the 
office of President. The President may, and, at the written request of a 
majority of the Executive Committee or of one-third of the members of 
the Commission, or of six members of the Board of Reference and Con- 
trol, shall, call a meeting of the Commission, by giving each member 
reasonable notice of the time and place of such meeting. 

ARTICLE SEVENTH. 

DUTIES OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

The Vice-Presidents shall, in the absence of the President, perform 
his duties, each taking precedence in numerical order, and, if all the 
Vice-Presidents be absent, the Commission shall elect a temporary 
presiding officer. 

ARTICLE EIGHTH. 

DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY. 

The Secretary shall conduct the correspondence of the Commission 
and be the custodian of all documents and records relating to its busi- 



The By-Laws. :S21 

ness. He shall keep a full and accurate record of its proceedings and of By-Lawa. 
those of the Executive Committee, and of those of the Board of Refer- 
ence and Control, and shall make report of same, from time to time, as 
he may be required. He shall have power to appoint such assistant 
secretaries and select such clerical force as shall be necessary properly to 
conduct the business of the Commission, subject to the approval of the 
Executive Committee. He shall keep all the accounts of the Commission 
and certify the same to the Secretary of the Treasury for payment. All 
papers, accounts, and records in his custody shall at all times be open to 
inspection on the demand of any Commissioner. 

ARTICLE NINTH. 

DUTIES OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 

He shall exercise such supervision, direction, and control of the oper- 
ation of the "World's Columbian Exposition," within the domain of the 
powers possessed by the Commission, as will tend to promote the efficiency 
of every agency employed. He shall be authorized and instructed to as- 
sume and exercise all such executive powers and functions as shall be 
necessary to secure promptness, efficiency, and good faith in every depart- 
ment of the work within the purview of the authority of this Commission, 
and shall make report of his proceedings to the Executive Committee at 
such times and in such manner as shall be required by said Committee, 
and shall in all matters be subject to the direction and control of the Ex- 
ecutive Committee. It shall also be his duty and privilege to attend the 
meetings of any of the standing Committees for the purpose of suggestion 
and conference, and to the end that all the agencies of the Commission 
may be rendered more efficient. 

The Director-General shall have the power to appoint chiefs of the 
several great departments, subject to the confirmation of the National 
Commission and the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition, and not by any Committee of either body. 

He shall fix the salaries of such chiefs, subject to the approval of 
the Board of Directors of the World's Columbian Exposition. 

He shall have power to appoint all subordinates necessary to the 
proper administration of the several departments, and to fix their com- 
pensation. 

He may make removals for cause, of any and all officers and em- 
ployes appointed by him. 

He may, in his discretion and with the consent of the Executive Com- 
mittee, or Board of Reference and Control of the National Commission, 
and the Executive Committee of the Local Directory, place two or more 
of the great departments under the control of one chief, and so continue 
them until necessity shall require independent chiefs. 

He shall have power by himself, or through such other officer or 
agent as he may select, to inspect the grounds and buildings during the 



322 World^s Columbian Commission. 

By-Law8. proccss of their preparation and construction; and it shall be his duty^ 
from time to time, to give information in relation to the progress of the 
work and the manner of its performance to the Executive Committee or 
the Board of Reference and Control of this Commission. 

The Director-General shall have power, and it shall be his duty, to 
commission ail such representatives of the Exposition as shall be offi- 
cially authorized to promote the interests thereof. 

vThe expenses of the Director-General's immediate office, and his 
clerk-hire, shall be paid out of the Government funds appropriated by the 
i8th Section of the Act of Congress for paying the expenses of this Com- 
mission and other contingent expenses, and he may select such assistants 
and clerks as may be necessary to enable him to properly discharge the 
duties of his office, and fix their salaries, subject to the approval of the 
Executive Committee, or the Board of Reference and Control, of this 
Commission. 

ARTICLE TENTH. 

DEPARTMENTS AND STANDING COMMITTEES. 

The operations of the Exposition shall be conducted and carried on 
through the medium of the following great departments, to wit: 

A — Agriculture, food and food products, farming machinery and 
appliances. 

B — Viticulture, horticulture, and floriculture. 

C — Live-stock — Domestic and wild animals. 

D — Fish, fisheries, fish products, and apparatus of fishing. 

E — Mines, mining, and metallurgy. 

F — Machinery. 

G — Transportation exhibits — Railways, vessels, vehicles. 

H — Manufactures. 

J — Electricity and electrical appliances. 

K — Fine arts — Pictorial, plastic, and decorative. 

L — Liberal arts — Education, engineering, public works, architecture, 
music and the drama. 

M — Ethnology, archaeology, progress of labor and invention; iso- 
lated and collective exhibits. 

N — Forestry and forest products. 

O — Publicity and jiromotion. 

P — Foreign affairs. 

And there shall also be the following Standing Committees, to wit: 
Committee on Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Whose duty shall be to formulate Rules and By-Laws for submission 
to the Commission, and to report on all such matters as may be referred 
to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its Board of Ref- 
erence and Control. 



The By-Laws. 323 

Committee on Tariffs and Transportation, By-Lawa. 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 
Which shall have consideration of all such matters relating to tariffs, 
bondage and releasing of goods, and the transportation of goods, as may 
be referred to it by the National Commission, its Executive Committee, 
or its Board of Reference and Control, in conjunction with such officers 
of the Treasury Department as may be appointed. 
Committee on Foreign Affairs, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the foreign 
exhibits of the Exposition that may be referred to it by the National 
Commission, its Executive Committee, or its Board of Reference and 
Control. 

CoMMiTiEE on Legislation, 

consisting of the Commissioners and alter- 
nates from each State, Territory, and the Dis- 
trict of Columbia, and also the Commission- 
ers-at-Large and their alternates, 
Which shall have consideration of all matters pertaining to the 
National, State, Territorial, or Municipal legislation affecting this Expo- 
sition. 

Committee on Fine Arts, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to fine arts which 
may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its 
Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Science, History, Literature, and Education, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects 
that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, 
or its Board of Reference and Control. 
Committee on Agriculture, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to agriculture 
which maybe referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, 
or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Live Stock, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to live-stock, in- 
cluding domestic animals, poultry, and birds of all varieties, as shall be 
referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its Board 
of Reference and Control. 



324 WorlcVs Columhian Commission. 

By-Laws. COMMITTEE ON HORTICULTURE AND FLORICULTURE, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects 
that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, 
or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Finance, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the expendi- 
tures of this Commission under the Act of Congress, or such other 
matters of finance as may be referred to it by the Commission, its Exec- 
utive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Auditing, 

consisting of four Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of examining and auditing all paid bills and 
accounts of the Commission; and this Committee may hold sessions at 
the call of its Chairman not oftener than once in two months. 

Committee on Ceremonies, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to the inauguration 
of the World's Columbian Exposition, and all ceremonies connected from 
time to time therewith. 

Committee on Classification, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all subjects pertaining to the classifica- 
tion of exhibits, and the limitation of space therefor, as may be referred 
to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its Board of Refer- 
ence and Control. 

Committee on Manufactures, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to this subject 
that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, 
or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Commerce, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to commerce that 
may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its 
Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Mines and Mining, 

consisting of sixteen Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to metallurgy, 



The By-Laics. 325 

mines, and mining processes, as may be referred to it by the Commission, ^y*^*^®" 
its Executive Committee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Fish, Fisheries, and Fish Culture, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects 
as may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or 
its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Electricity, Electrical and Pneumatical 
Appliances, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects 
that may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, 
or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Machinery, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to machinery that 
may be referred to it by.the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its 
Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Forestry and Lumber, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to these subjects 
as may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or 
its Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee on Printing, 

consisting of six Commissioners, 

Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to this subject 
as may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or 
its Board of Reference and Control. 

• Committee on Press, 

consisting of six Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge of all matters pertaining to this subject as 
may be referred to it by the Commission, its Executive Committee, or its 
Board of Reference and Control. 

Committee ox World's Congresses, 

consisting of eight Commissioners, 

Which shall act in connection with the Local Directory in reference 
to any World's Congress that may desire to assemble here during the 
Exposition. 

Committee on Grounds and Buildings, 

consisting of six Commissioners, 
Which shall have charge and supervision of the grounds and build- 
ings in so far as the Commission mav exercise authority over the same, 

22 



326- World's Golumhiaii Cominission. 

By-Laws, and shall also examine and report to the Commission as to the provision 
made by the World's Columbian Exposition for such buildinj^s, as it shall 
be thereto required, by the order of the Commission, its Executive Com 
mittee, or its Board of Reference and Control. 

Each of the said several standing committees, hereinbefore enumer- 
ated, shall have power and authority to investiL,^ate from time to time the 
workings of the several gr.at departments, respectively, having charge 
of the particular subject, or subjects, with reference to which each such 
committee was created ; and from time to time to make reports and 
recommendations respecting the same, either to the Board of Reference 
and Control, the Executive Committee, or to the Commission. 

ARTICLE ELEVENTH. 

BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. 

The Board of Lady Managers shall consist of two women from each 
State and Territory and the District of Columbia, to be nominated by 
Commissioners from the several States and Territories and the Di-trict 
of Columbia, and of one woman to be nominated by each of the Commis- 
sioners-at-Large, and to be appointed by the President; and also nine 
women of the City of Chicago, to be appointed by the President, as has 
been expressly determined by the order of the Cominission; and a like 
number of alternates, to be appointed in the same manner as the prin- 
cipals, and to assume the duties and functions of such principals only 
when the principals are unable to attend. Principals and alternates sliall 
be duly commissioned in accordance with l!ie direction of^the Commis- 
sion. The Board of Lady Managers shall be convened by the order of 
the Executive Committee of the Commission, at such time and place 
as it may deem proper, and, when so convened, shall organize by the 
election of a Chairman and Secretary. The duration of such first meet- 
ing, as well as the number and durat'on of each subsequent meeting, 
shall be wholly under the control and be determined by said Executive 
Committee. The members of this Board shall be officers of the Commis- 
sion, and shall perform such duties in connection with the Woman's 
Department of the Exposition as said Executive Committee shall pre- 
scribe. Each member of the Board shall be entitled to receive six dol- 
lars per day for each day necessarily absent from home engaged in the 
work of the Commission, and also the expenses for transportation actu- 
ally incurred by her on that account. The alternates shall receive no 
compensation nor expenses for transportation, except in cases where 
their principals are unable to attend to the duties assigned to them. No 
expenses for transportation shall be allowed except the travel be author- 
ized by the said Executive Committee and certified accordingly. 

ARTICLE TWELFTH. 

SIATED MEETINGS. 

There shall be two stated meetings of the Commission, in each year 
during the existence of the Commission, to be held on the first Wednes- 



The By-Laws. ' 3-27 

'day of April and on the first Wednesday in September in each year, By-Laws, 
respectively, commencing with the first Wednesday of April, 1891. 

ARTICLE THIRTEENTH. 

SPECIAL MEETINGS. 

Special meetings shall be held upon the call of the President, and 
such call therefor may be made on his own motion, and shall be made at 
the written req.est of the Executive Committee, or of one-third of the 
members of the Commission, or six of the members of the Board of 
Reference and Control, and reasonable notice, and the time and place 
of such meeting, shall be given to each Commissioner. 

ARTICLE FOURTEENTH. 

REPORTS OF DISBURSEMENTS. 

It shall be the duty of the Secretary of this Commission, and of any 
and all other officers thereof authorized or empowered to certify any 
account or voucher for expenses incurred in the work of this Commission, 
to report the same in detail at least once each month, and before the tenth 
day thereof, to the Executive Committee, or to the Board of Reference 
and Control, ^nd to make detailed reports of the same to this Commission 
at each of its stated or special meetings, and not later than the third day 
of each meeting. 

ARTICLE FIFTEENTH. 

SALARIES OF OFFICERS. 

Annual salaries shall be paid to the President, Secretary, and Director- 
General, as follows: 

To the President, a salary of $12,000. 
To the Secretary, a salary of $10,000. 
To the Director-General, a salary of $15,000. 

And such salaries shall commence to accrue from the date each has 
assumed, or shall assume, the duties of his office. 

ARTICLE SIXTEENTH. 

VICE-CHAIRMAN OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

There shall be also an officer of the Commission, designated Vice- 
Chairman of the Executive Committee, who shall perform such duties as 
may be assigned to him by the Commission or its Executive Committee, 
and who shall receive an annual salary of eight thousand dollars, which 
shall commence to accrue from the date of assuming the duties of his 
office. 

ARTICLE SEVENTEENTH. 

BOARD OF REFERENCE AND CONTROL. 

There shall be a Board, to be designated " Board of Reference and 
Control," to consist of the President of the Commission, the Vice-Chair- 



328 Workrs Columhian Commission. 

By-Laws, man of the Executive Committee, and six members of the Commission, 
to be appointed by the President, upon which Board are conferred all the 
powers and duties of the Commission, when the said Commission and its 
Executive Committee shall not be in session, except incases in which the 
Act of Congress requires the action of the Commission, or of a majority 
of the Commissioners; said Board of Conference and Control, with a like 
Committee of the Directory of the World's Columbian Exposition, to be 
appointed by the President thereof, shall constitute a Committee of Con- 
ference to which shall be referred all matters of difference, and the joint 
action of the two Boards, constituting the Joint Committee on such mat- 
ters of difference, shall be conclusive. The said Board of Conference 
and Control shall keep accurate records of all its proceedings, and make 
full reports of the same to the Commission at each session thereof, within 
the first two days of the session. 

ARTICLE EIGHTEENTH. 

EMPLOYMENT OF COMMISSIONERS. 

No Commissioner shall demand or receive for any service rendered 
as chief of, or subordinate employe in, any of the great departments, 
any sum of money, except such us he may be entitled to demand and 
receive under the provisions made by the Act of Congress for the trans- 
portation and subsistence of the members of this Commission; and no 
member of this Commission shall accept any office created by the local 
Illinois corporation to which a salary is attached, nor shall he accept any 
office to be hereafter created by this Commission to which a salary is 
attached. 

ARTICLE NINETEENTH. 

THE OFFICIAL SEAL. 

There shall be an official seal of the Commission, circular in form, 
with the following devices thereon, viz., around the margin thereof the 
words : 

" World's Columbian Commission, created by Act of Congress of the 
United States of America, organized 1890." 

In the center a vignette composed as follows: 

In the top of the circle the eagle, copied from our National coat of 
arms, perched upon the figure of a globe, and below it a section of the 
well-known picture of the landing of Columbus, showing the prow of the 
boat. 

ARTICLE TWENTIETH. 

AMENDMENTS. 

Amendments shall only be made by a two-thirds vote of the Com- 
missioners present; and all propositions to alter or amend shall be re- 
ferred to the Committee on Rules, By-Laws, and Regulations, and be by 
ii considered before any final action thereon by the Commission. 



STANDING COMMITTEES 



OF THE 



World's Columbian Commission 



Executive Committee. 

President T. W. Palmer, Michigan, Chairman. 

James A. McKenzie, Kentucky, Vice-Chairman. 

John T. Dickinson, Texas, Secretary. 

A. B. Hurt, Tennessee, AssH Secretary. 
M. L. McDonald, Commissioner-at-Large. M. B. Harrison, Minnesota. 
R. C. Kerens, Commissioner-at-Large. James D. Butt, West Virginia. 
Henry Exall, Commissioner-at-Large. Adlai T. Ewing, Illinois. 
P. A. B. Widener, Commissionec-at-Large. AVilliam F. King, Iowa. 



standing 
Commit- 
tees. 



John T. Harris, Virginia. 
"William J. Sewell, New Jersey. 
B. B. Smalley, Vermont. 
E. B. Martindale, Indiana. 
John Boyd Thacher, New York. 
Francis W. Breed, Massachusetts. 
Euclid Martin, Nebraska. 
Reese R. Price, Kansas. 



H. P Plntt, Ohio. 

L. McLaws, Georgia. 

T. L. Willi ms, Tennessee. 

Joseph Hirst, Florida. 

R. L. Saunders, Mississippi. 

L. H. Hershfield, Montana. 

R. E. Goodell, Colorado. 

A. T. Britton, District of Columbia. 



Committee on Judiciary, Rules, axd By-Laws. 

William Lindsay, Kentucky, Commissioner-at-Large, Chairman. 
G. V. Massey, Delaware, Acting Secretary. 

J. W. St. Clair, West Virginia. L. Gregg, Arkansas. 

William J. Sewell, New Jersey. O. R. Hundley, Alabama. 

B. B. Smalley, Vermont. P. Allen, Jr., Wisconsin. 

Committee on Tariffs and Transportation. 

V. D. Groner, Virginia, Chairman. 
H. P. Rucker, North Dakota, Secretary. 

W. Aiken, New Hampshire. L. Lowndes, Maryland. 

C M. Depew, New York. O. R. Hundley, Alabama. 

W. McClelland, Pennsylvania. J. W. Haines, Nevada. 

M, H. Lane, Michigan. G. C. Sims, Rhode Island. 

J. D. Adams, Arkansas. H. H. Mclntyre, Vermont. 

L. Brainard, Connecticut. T. C. Gutierres, New Mexico. 

A. B. Andrew^ North Carolina. Euclid Martin, Nebraska. 

329 



330 WorlcVs Columbian Commission, 

standing COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS. 

Commit- 



tees. 



C. ]VI. Depew, New York, Chnirmun. 

G. V. Miissey, Delaware, Acting Secretary. 

J. Allison Bowen, Assistant Secretary. 

Thomas M. "Waller, Connecticut. C. H. Way, Georgia. 

A. A. Wilson, District of Columbia. M. H. Lane, Michigan. 

R. C. Kerens, Commissioner-at-Large. D. B. Penn, Louisiana. 

Committee on Fine Arts. 

A. G. Bullock, Commissioner-at-Large, Ghai'man. 

— , Secretary. 

C. M. Depew, New York. W. L Buchanan, Iowa. 

A. A. Wilson, District of Columbia. M. H. de Young, California. 

O. V. Tousley, Minnesota. James Hodges, Maryland. 

T. J. Woodward, Louisiana. 

Committee on Science, History, Literature, and Education. 

O. V. Tousley, Minnesota, Chairman. 

, Secretary. 

A. C. Beckwith, Wyoming. T. J. Woodward, Louisiana. 

F. G. Bromberg, Alabama. A. G. Bullock, Commissioner-at-Large. 

C. H. Jones, Missouri. W. F. King, Iowa. 

J. A. McKenzie, Kentucky. 

Committee on Agriculture, 

W. I. Buchanan, Iowa, Chairman. 
, Secretary. 

L. T. Baxter, Tennessee. A. P. Butler, South Carolina. 

R. Turnbull, Florida. A. G. Scott, Nebraska. 

A. M. Cochran, Texas. O. Becson, Oklahoma, 

J. L. Mitchell, Wisconsin. H. H. Mclntyre, Vermont. 

J. W. Haines, Nevada. J. D. Adams, Arkansas. 

D. B. Penn, Louisiana. M. Wilkins, Oregon. 

J. M. Bynum, Mississippi. William Forsyth, California. 

F. J. V. Skiff, Colorado. 

Committee on Live Stock. 

J. L. Mitchell, Wisconsin, Chairman. 

H. P. Rucker, North Dakota. Secretai-y. 
John Bennett, Kentucky. T. C. Gutierres, New Mexico. 

T. E. Proctor, Massachusetts. H. Exall, Commissioner-at-Large. 

G. A. Manning, Idaho. L. T. Baxter, Tennessee. 
G. Russell, Nevada. A. H. Mitchell, ^lontana, 

E. B. :Martindale, Indiana. W. Mclntyre, South Dakota. 
H. Drum. Washington. A. T. Ewing, Illinois. 

J. D Miles, Oklahoma. H. G. Hay, Wyoming. 



standing Committees. 331 

Committee on Horticulture and Floriculture. standing 

Comnut- 
W. Forsyth, California, Chairman. teea. 

Willard Hall Porter, Delaware, Secretary. 

G. A. Manning, Idaho. R. Turnbull, Florida. 

C. D. McDutfie, New Hampshire. J. W. Woodside, Pennsylvania. 

T. E. Garvin, Indiana. C. H. Richmond, Michigan, 

F. J. V. Skiff, Colorado. J. R. Cochran, South Carolina. 

W. Zeckendorf, Arizona. J. Hodges, Maryland. 

A. R. Bixby, Maine. C. H. Deere, Illinois. 

P. Allen, Jr., Wisconsin. F. J. Kiesel, Utali. 

Committee on Finance. 

Charles H. Jones, Missouri, Chairman. 
H. H. Mclntyre, Vermont, Secretary. 

L. H. Hershfield, Montana. A. B. Andrews, North Carolina. 

James Hodges, Maryland. A. R. Bixby, Maine. 

P. H. Lannan, Utah. J. T. Harris, Virginia. 

Committee on Auditing. 

T. E. Garvin, Indiana, Chairman. 

P. Allen, Jr., Wisconsin, Secretary. ' 

C. K. Holliday, Jr., Kansas. J. D. Butt, West Virginia. 

Committee on Ceremonies. 

P. A. B. Widener, Commissioner-at-Large, Chairman. 

Edward C. Culp, Kansas, Secretary. 
J. D. Adams, Arkansas. C. H. Richmond, Michigan. 

William Lindsay, Commissioner-at-Large. G. W. Allen, Commissioner-at-Large. 
V. D. Groner, Virginia. M. B. Harrison, Minnesota. 

R. C. Kerens, Commissioner-at-Large. 

Committee on Classification. 

C. H. Deere, Illinois, Chairman, \ 

W. McClelland, Pennsylvania, Secretary. 
L. B. Goff, Rhode Island. C. H. Way, Georgia. 

M. Ryan, North Dakota. J. D. Miles, Oklahoma. 

M. H. de Young, California. H. P. Piatt, Ohio. 

T. L. Williams, Tennessee. G. F. Coats, Arizona. 

A. M. Cochran. Texas. A. C. Beck with, Wyoming. 

T. Smith, New Jersey. J. Hirst, Florida. 

T. B, Keogh, North Carolina. T. E. Garvin, Indiana. 

Committee on Manufactures. 

L. Brainard. Connecticut, Chairman. 

Willard Hall Porter, Delaware, Secretary. 

T. E. Proctor, Massachusetts. W. Ritchie, Ohio. 

T. B. Bullene, Missouri. G. C. Sims, Rhode Island. 

W. McClelland, Pennsylvania. L. McLaws. Georgia. 

R. M. White, New Mexico. W. Aiken, New Hampshire. 

C. H. Deere, Illinois. J. M. Bynum, Mississippi. 

T. Smith, New Jersey. F. J. Kiesel, Utah. 

William Mclntyre, South Dakota. W. Zeckendorf, Arizona. 



332 Wo7'ld\s Columhkm Commission, 

Standing COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE. 

tees. L. Lowndes, Marjiaud, Chairman. 

, Secrctdvii. 

J. B. Thacher, New York. George V. ]Masse^^ Delaware. 

J. M. Byiium, Mississi]>pi. H. Exall, Commissioner at-Large. 

T. M. AValler, Couneclicut. J. R. Cochran, Soiitli Carolina. 

L. B. Goff, Rhode Island. H. P. Piatt, Ohio. 

T. E. Proctor, jMassachusetts. T. J. Woodward, Louisiana. 

M. Wilkins. Oregon. H. Drum, Washington. 

R. Turnbull. Florida. C. D. McDultie, New Hampshire. 

C. H. Way, Georgia. 

Committee on 3Iixes and Mining. 

F. J. Y. Skiff, Colorado, Chairman. 
Rush Strong, Tennessee, Secretary. 

M. H. Day, South Dakota. F. G. Bromberg, Alabama. 

L, T. Baxter, Tennessee. J. E. Stearns, Idaho. 

J. W. St. Clair, West Yirginia. G. F. Coats, Arizona. 

J. W. Woodside, Pennsylvania. C. H. Richmond, Michigan. 

A. H. Mitchell, Montana. P. H. Lannan, Utah. 

L. Lowndes, Maryland. H. Drum, Washington. 

G. Russell, Nevada. R. M. White. New Mexico. 
M. L. McDonald, Commii^^sioner-at-Large. 

Committee on Fisheries and Fish Culture. 
' A. R. Bixby, Maine, Chairman. 
R. E. Goodell, Colorado, Secretary. 
A. P. Butler, South Carolina. C. B. Hopkins, Washington. 

W. J. Sewell, New Jersey. R. L. Saunders, Mississippi. 

H. Klippel, Oregon. ^I. H. Lane, Michigan. 

Committee on Electricity, Electrical and Pneumatic al Appliances. 

G. C. Sims, Rhode Island, Chairman. 

Martin Ryan, North Dakota, Secretary. 
C. B. Hopkins, Washington. W. G. Davis, Maine. 

G, W. Allen, Commissioner-at-Large. F. W. Breed, Massachusetts. 

R. R. Price, Kansas. O. R. Hundley, Alabama. 

Committee on Forestry and Lumber. 

J. W. St. Clair, West Yirginia, Chairman. 

, Secretary. 

R. M. White, New Mexico. H. Klippel, Oregon. 

W. G. Davis, Maine. L. Gregg, Arkansas. 

A. G. Scott, Nebraska. R. L. Saunders, Mississippi. 

H. G. Hay, Wyoming. 

Committee on 3Iaciiinery. 

William Ritchie, Ohio. Chairman. 

Willaid Hull Porter, Delaware, Secretai'y. 
John Bennett, Kentucky. L. B. Golf, Rhode Island. 

W. Forsyth, California. M. II. Day, South Dakota. 

O. Bccson. Okl.'ilionia. T. B. nullciic Missouri. 



standing Committees. 333 

Committee on World's Congresses. standing 

Cominlt- 



J. W. Woodside, Pennsylvania, Chairman. 
, Secretary. 

C. H. Jones, Missouri. F. G. Bromber^, Alabama. 

John Bennett, Kentucky. J, B. Thacher, New York. 

A. A. Wilson, District of Columbia. O. V. Tousley, Minnesota. 

B, B. Smalley, Vermont. 

Committee on Printing. 

C. K. Holliday, Jr., Kansas, Chairman. 
P. H. Lannan, Utah, Secretary. 

T. B Keogh, North Carolina. J. E. Stearns, Idaho. 

J. T. Harris, Virginia. T. B. BuUene, Missouri. 

Committee on Grounds and Buildings. 

E. B. Martindale, Indiana, Chairman. 
, Secretary. 

R. M. White, New Mexico. Mark L. McDonald, California. 

T. Smith, New Jersey. M. H. Lane, Michigan. 

J. T. Harris, Virginia. 



tees. 



Board of Reference and Control. 



World's Columbian Commission. 

Thomas W. Palmer, of Michigan, President. 

James A. McKenzie, of Kentucky, Vice-Chairman Executive Committee. 

George V. Massey, of Delaware. 

William Lindsay, of Kentucky. 

Michel H. de Young, of California. 

Thomas M. Waller, of Connecticut. 

Elijah B. Martindale, of Indiana. 

J. W. St. Clair, of West Virginia. 



John T. Dickinson, of Texas, Secretary. 



World's Columbian Exposition. 



Lyman J. Gage, President. 
Thomas B. Bryan. 
Potter Palmer. 
Ferd. W Peck. 
Edward T. Jeffery. 
Edwin Walker. 
Frederick S. Winston. 
De Witt C. Cregier. 



Benjamin Butterworth, Secretary. 



334 



ALPHABETICAL LIST 



OF 



Commissioners and Their Committees. 



tees. 



Adams, J. D., Arkansas, D. 

Tariffs aud Transportation; Agriculture; Ceremonies. Commis- 

slouers 

Aiken, W., New Hampshire, D. Commit^ 

Tariffs and Transportation; Manufactures. 

Allen, G. W., New York, R., 4tli Vice-President of the Commission. 

Ceremonies; Electricity. 

Allen, Jr., P., Wisconsin, R. 

Judiciary; Rules and By-Laws; Horticulture and Floriculture; Auditing, 
Secretary. 

Andkews, a. B., North Carolina, D., 5th Vice-President of the Commission. 
Tariffs and Transportation; Finance. 

Baxter, L. T., Tennessee, R. 

Agriculture; Live Stock; Mines and Mining. 

Beckwith, a. C, Wyoming, B. 

Science, History, Literature, and Education; Classification. 

Beeson, 0., Oklahoma, I>. 

Agriculture; Machinery. 

Bennett, J., Kentucky, R. 

Live Stock; Machinery; World's Congresses. 

BixBY, A. R., Maine, R. 

Horticulture and Floriculture; Finance; Fisheries; Qlmirman. 

Brainard, L., Connecticut, R. 

Tariffs and Transportation; Manufactures, Chairman. 

Breed, F. W., Massachusetts, R. 
Executive; Electricity. 

Britton, a. T., District of Columbia, R. 
Executive. 

Bromberg, F. G., Alabama, R. 

Science, History, Literature, and Education; Mines and Mining; World's Con- 
gresses. 

Buchanan, W. I., Iowa, D. 

Fine Arts; Agriculture, CJiairman. 

335 



336 WorlcV s Columbian Commission. 

Comnils BULLENE, T B., MisSOUli. R. 
slouers ,_ . -.r . . ^^ . . 

and riu'ir Manufactures; Machmerv; Prmtino;. 



Commit- 
tees. 



Bullock, A. G., Massachusetts, D. 

Scieuce, Histoiy, Literature, aud Education; Fine Arts; Chairman. 
Butler, A. P., South Carolina, D. 

Agriculture; Fisheries. 

Butt, James D., West Virginia, R. 

Executive; Auditing. 
Bynum, J. M.. Mississippi. R. 

Agriculture; Manufactures; Commerce. 

Coats, G F., Arizona, R. 

Classiticatiou; Mines aud Mining. 
Cochran, A. M., Texas, R. 

Agriculture, Classification. 
Cochran, J. R., South Carolina, R. 

Horticulture and Floriculture; Commerce. 
Dayis, W. G., Maine, D. 

Electricity; Forestry and Lumber. 
Day, M, H., South Dakota, D. 

Mines and Mining; Machinery. 

Deere, C. H., Illinois, R. 

Horticulture and Floriculture; Manufactures; Classification, Chairman. 
Depew, Chauncey M., New York, R. 

Tariffs and Transportation; Fine Arts; Foreign AJfairs, Chairman. 

De Young M. H., California, R., 2d Vice-President of the Commission. 

Fine Arts; Classification; Reference and Control. 
Dickinson, John T,, Texas, D., Secretary of the Commission. 

Executive Committee, Secretary, aud Board of Reference and Control, Secretary. 
Drum, H., Washington, D. 

Live Stock; Commerce; Mines and Mining. 
EwiNG, A. T., Illinois, D. 

Executive ; Live Stock. 
Exall, H., Texas, D. 

Executive; Live Slock; Commerce. 
Forsyth, W., California, D. 

Agriculture; Machinery; Horticulture and Floriculture, Chairman. 
Garvin, T. E., Indiana, D. 

Horticulture and Floriculture; Classification; Auditing, Chairman. 
Goff, L. B., Rhode Island, R. 

Classification; Commerce; Machinery. 
Goodell, R. E., Colorado, D. 

Executive; Fisheries, Secretary. 
Gregg. L., Arkansas, R. 

Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws; Forestry and Lumber. 
Gronek, V. D., Virginia. R. 

Ceremonies; Tariffs and Transportation, Chairman. 
Gutiehres, T. C, New Mexico, D. 

Tariffs and Transportation; Live Stock. 



i 



Commissioners and their Committees. 337 

HArNES, J. W., Nevada, R. conimi.s- 

Tariffs and Transportation; Agriculture. ancfthfir 

Commit- 

Harris, J. T., Virginia, D. *««"• 

Executive; Finance; Printing; Grounds and Buildings. 

Harrison, ls\. B., Minnesota, D. 
Executive; Ceremonies. 

Hay, H. G., Wyoming, R. 

Live Stock; Forestrj^ and Lumber. 

Hershfield, L. H., Montana, R. 
Executive; Finance. 

Hirst, J., Florida, R. 

Executive; Clarification. 

Hodges J., Maryland, D. 

Fine Arts, Horticulture and Floriculture; Finance. 
Holliday, Jr., C. K , Kansas, D. 

Auditing; Printing, Chairman. 

Hopkins, C. B., Washington, R. 
Fisheries; Electricity. 

Hundley, O. R,, Aliibama, D. 

Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws; Tariffs and Transportation; Electricity. 
Jones. C. H., Missouri,!). 

Science, History, Literature, and Education; World's Congresses; Finance, 
Chairman. 

Kerens, R, C, Missouri, R. 

Executive; Foreign Affairs; Ceremonies. 

Keogh, T. B., North Carolina, R. 
Classification; Printing. 

Kiesel. F. J.. Utah, D. 

Horticulture and Floriculture; Manufactures.' 
King, W. F., Iowa, R. 

Executive; Science, History, Literature, and Education. 
Klippel, H., Oregon, D. 

Fisheries ; Forestry and Lumber. 
Lane, M. H., Michigan, R. 

Tariffs and Transportation; Foreign Affairs; Fisheries; Grounds and Buildings. 
Lannan, p. H., Utah, R. 

Finance; Mines and Mining; Vvinting, Secretary. 
Lindsay, W., Kentucky, D. 

Ceremonies; Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, Chairman; Reference and Control. 
Lowndes, L., Maryland, R. 

Tariffs and Transportation; Mines and Mining; Commerce, Chairman. 
McClelland, W., Pennsylvania, D. 

Tariffs and Transportation ; Manufactures; Classification, Secretary. 
McDonald, M. L. , California, D. 

Executive; Mines and Mining; Grounds and Buildings. 
McDuffie, C. D., New Hampshire, R. 

Horticulture and Floriculture; Commerce. 



i 

338 Worlcr.'i Columh'uui Commission. 



CoininiB- 3IcIntyiie. li. II., Vermont, R. 
and thoir Tariffs and Transportation; Agriculture; Finance, Secretary. 

Commit- 
tees. McIntyue, W., South Dakota, II. 

Live Stock; 3Ianufactures. 
McKenzie, J. A., Kentucky, D. . 

Science, History, Literature, and Education; Executive, Vice- Chairman; Refer- 
ence and Control. 
McLaws, L., Georgia, R. 

Executive; Manufactures. 

Manning, G. A., Idaho, R. 

Live Stock; Horticulture and Floriculture. 

Martin, Euclid. Nebraska, D. 

Executive; Tariffs and Transportation. 

JMartindale, E. B., Indiana, R. 

Executive; Live Stock; Grounds and Buildings, Chairman; Reference and 
Control. 

Massey, G. v., Delaware, R. 

Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws, Acting Secretary; Foreign Affairs Acting Secre- 
tary; Commerce; Reference and Control. 

Miles, J. D., Oklahoma, R. 

Live Stock; Classification. 
Mitchell, A. H., Montana, D. 

Live Stock; Mines and :Mining. 
Mitchell, J. L., Wisconsin, D. 

Agriculture, Chairman; Live Stock, Chairman. 
Palmer, T. W., Michigan, R., President of the Commission. 

Executive, Chairman; Reference and Control, CJmirman. 
Penn, D. B., Louisiana. I).. 3d Vice-President of the Commission. 

Foreign Affairs; Agriculture. 
Platt, H. P., Ohio, B. 

Executive; Commerce; Classification. 
Porter, AV'. H., Delaware, D. 

Horticulture and Floriculture; Manufactures, Secretary; Machinery. 

Price, R. R., Kansas, R. 

Executive; Electricity. 
Proctor, T. E., Massachusetts, D. 

Live Stock; Manufactures; Commerce. 
Richmond. C. II., Michigan, D. 

Horticulture and Floriculture; Ceremonies; Mines and Mining. 
Ritchie, W., Ohio, R. 

Manufactures; Machinery, Chairman. 
RuCKER, H. P., North Dakota, R. 

Tariffs and Transi)ortation, Secretary; Live Stock, Secretai-y. 
RcssELL, G., Nevada, J). 

Live Stock; Mines and Mining. 
Ryan, M., North Dakota, I), 

y Classification; Electricity, Secretary. 
St. Clair, J. W., We-t Virginia, D. 

Judiciary. Rules, and By Liws; Mines and Mining; Forestry and Lumber, 
Chairman; Reference and Control. 



I 



Commissioners and their Committees, 339 j 

\ 

Saunders, R. L., Mississippi, D. ^BU,"er8 ^ 

Executive; Fisheries; Forestry and Lumber. co^'mlnu- ^ 

Scott, A. G., Nebraska. R ^^^'- '• 

Agriculture; Forestry and Lumber. \ 

Sewell, W. J., New Jersey, R. j 

Executive; Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws; Fisheries. \ 

Sims, G. C, Rhode Island, D. ^ 

Tariffs and Transportation ; Manufactures; Electricity, Chairman. i 

Skiff, F. J. V., Colorado, R. 

Agriculture; Horticulture and Floriculture; Mines and Mining, Chairman, j 

Smalley, B. B., Vermont, D. ' 

Executive; Judiciary, Rules, and By-Laws; World's Congresses. i 

Smith, T., New Jersey, D. ; 
Classification; Manufactures; Grounds and Buildings. 

Stearns, J. E., Idaho, D. \ 
Mines and Mining; Printing. 

Thacher, J. B., New York, D. 

Executive; Commerce; World's Congresses. 

Tousley, O. V., Minnesota, R. \ 

Fine Arts; World's Congresses; Science, History, Literature, and Education, * 

Chairman. ' 

TURNBULI., R., Florida, D. ! 

Agriculture; Horticulture and Floriculture; Commerce. ' 

Waller, T. 31., Connecticut, D. 1st Vice-President of the Commission. j 

Foreign Affairs; Commerce • Reference and Control. 5 

Way, C. H., Georgia, D. 1 

Foreign Affairs; Classification; Commerce. ' 

White, R. M., New Mexico, R. ■ 

Mines and Mining; Manufactures; Forestry and Lumber; Grounds and \ 

Buildings. \ 

Widener, P a. B., Pennsylvania, R. ; 
Executive; Ceremonies, Chairman. 

WiLKiNS, M., Oregon, R. 

Agriculture; Commerce. 

Williams, T. L., Tennessee, D. \ 
Executive; Classification. 

"Wilson, A. A., District of Columbia, D. 

Foreign Affairs; Fine Arts; World's Congresses. \ 

Woodside, j. W., Pennsylvania, R. / ■ 

Horticulture and Floriculture ; Mines and Mining ; World's Congresses, -j 

Chairman. j 

Woodward, T. J., Louisiana, R. 

Fine Arts; Science, History, Literature, and Education; Commerce. ! 

.Zeckendorf, W., Arizona, i>. ' | 
Horticulture and Floriculture; Manufactures. 



i 



The World's Columbian Commission. 



List of Officers, Commissioners, and Alternates. 

President, 
Thomas W. Palmer, of Michigan, R. 

\st Vice-President, 

Thos. IvI. Waller, of Connecticut, D. 

2d Vice-President, 

M. H. DE Young, of California, R. 

3^ Vice-President^ 
Davidson B. Penn, of Louisiana, D. 

Uli Vice-President, 

Gorton W. Allen, of New York, R. 

Wi Vice-President, 

Alexander B. Andrews, of North Carolina, D. 

Secretary, 

John T. Dickinson, of Texas, D. 



Director-General, World's Columbian Exposition, 
George R. Davis, of Illinois, R. 



Vice- Chairman Executive Committee, 
James A. McICenzie, of Kentucky, D. 



COMMISSIONERS 

Commissioners. 
Augustus G. Bullock, D. 
Worcester, Mass. 

Gorton W. Allen. R. 

Auburn, N. Y. 
Peter A. B. Widener, R. 

Philadelphia, Pa. 
Thomas W. Palmer, R. 

Detroit, Mich. 

Richard C. Kerens, R. 
St. Louis, Mo. 

William Lindsay, D. 

Frankfort, Ky. 

Henry Exall, D. 

Dallas, Tex. 

^lark L. McDonald, D. 
Santa Rosa, Cal. 

23 341 



AT-LARGE. 

Alternates. 

Henry Ingalls, 

Wiscasset, Me. 

Louis Fitzgerald, 

New York, N. Y. 

John W. Chalfant, 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

James Oliver, 

South Bend, lud. 

R. W. Furnas, 

Brownville, Neb. 

Patrick Walsh^ 

Augusta, Ga. 

H. C. King, 

San Antonio, Tex. 

Thomas Burke, 

Seattle Wash. 



List of Offi- 
cers. Com- 
missioners 
and Alter- 
nates. 



342 



World's Columbian Commission. 



List of Com- 
missioners 
and Alter- 
nates. 



COMMISSIONERS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



Commissioners. 

Alexander T. Britton, R. 

"Washington. 
Albert A. Wilson, D. 

WasLin"rton. 



Alternates. 
E. Kurtz Johnson, 

Washington. 
Dorsey Clagett, 

Washington. 



COMMISSIONERS OF THE STATES. 
Alabama. 



Commissioners. 
Frederick G. Bromberg, R. 

Mobile. 
Oscar R. Hundley, D. 

Hunts ville. 

John D. Adams, D. 

Little Rock. 
Lafayette Gregg, R. 

Fayette ville. 



Michel H. de Young, R. 

San Francisco, 
William Forsyth, D. 

Fresno. 



RoswellE. Goodell, D. 

Leadville. 
Frederick J. V. Skiff, R. 

Denver. 

Leverett Brainard, R. 
Hartford. 
* Thomas M. Waller, D. 
New London. 

George V. Massey, R. 
Dover. 

Willard Hall Porter, D. 
Wilmiogton. 

f Joseph Hirst, R, 
Tampa. 
Richard Turnbull, D. 

Mouticello. 
♦And 16 Wall Street, New York City. 



Arkansas. 



California, 



Colorado. 



Connecticut, 



Delaware. 



Florida. 



Alternates. 
Gotthold L. Werth, 

Montgomery. 
William S. Hull, 
Sheffield. 

• 

J. T. W. Tillar, 

Little Rock. 

Thomas H. Leslie, 
Stuttgart. 

George Hazleton, 

San Francisco. 

Russ D. Stephens, 

Sacramento, 

f Henry B. Gillespie, 
Aspen. 
O. C. French, 

New W^indsor 

Charles F. Brooker, 
Torrington. 

Charles R, Baldwin, 
Waterbury. 



Charles F. Richards, 
Georgetown. 

William Saulsbury, 
Dover. 



Dudley W. Adams, 
Tangerine. 
Jesse T. Bernard, 

Tallahassee, 
•♦•Present addri-88, Chicago, 



List of Commissioners and Alternates. 



343 



Commissioners. 


Geobgia. 


Alternates. 


List of Com- 
missioners 
and Alter- 
nates 


Lafayette McLaws, R. 
Savannah. 




James Longstreet, 
Gainesville. 




Charlton 11. Way, D. 
SaA^aunah. 


Idaho. 


John W. Clark, 
Augusta. 




George A. Manning, R. 
Post Falls. 




A. J. Crook, 

Hailey. 




John E. Stearns, D. 
Nampa. 


Illinois. 


John M. Burke, 
Wardner. 




Charles H. Deere, R. 

Moline. 




La Fayette Funk, 
Shirley. 




Adlai T. Ewing, D. 

38 Montauk Blk. 


Chicago. 

Indiana. 


De Witt Smith, 

Springfield. 





Thomas E. Garvin, D. 

Evansville. 
Elijah B. Martindale, R. 

Indianapolis. 

William I. Buchanan, D. 
Sioux city. 

William F. King, R. 
Mt. Vernon. 

Charles K. Holliday, Jr., D. 
Topeka. 

Reese R. Price, R. 

Hutchinson. 



John Bennett, R. 
Richmond, 
f James A. McKenzie, D. 
Oak Grove. 

Davidson B. Penn, D. 
Newell I on. 

Thomas J. Woodward, R. 
New Orleans. 

Augustus R Bixby, R. 

Skowhegan. 
William G. Davis, D. 

Portland, 
t Present address, Chicago. 



Iowa. 



*William E. McLean, 
Terre Haute. 
Charles M. Trevis, 

Crawfordsville. 



Joseph Eiboeck, 

Des Moines. 



Kansas. 



E^ENTUCKY. 



Louisiana. 



John Hayes, 

Red Oak. 



J. F. Thompson, 
Sabetha. 

Frank W. Lanyon, 
Pittsburg. 



David N. Comingore, 
Covington. 

John S. Morris, 

Louisville. 

Alphonse Le Due, 

New Orleans. 

P. J. McMalion, 

Tangipahoa. 



Maine. 



James A. Board man, 
Bangor. 

Clark S. Edwards, 
Bethel. 
* 1110 F street, Washington, D. C. 



344 World's 


Columbian Commission. 


List of Cam- 
mlssioners 

nates/^^'^' Commissioners. 


Maryland. 


Alter ridtes. 


James Hodges, D. 

Baltimore. 
Lloyd Lowndes, R. 

Cumberland. 


Massachusetts. 


George M. Upshur, 
Snow Hill. 

Daniel E. Conkling, 
Baltimore. 


Francis W. Breed, R. 

Lynn. 
Thomas E. Proctor, D. 

Boston. 


Michigan. 


George P. Ladd, 

Spencer. 
Albert C. Haughton, 

North Adams. 


M. Henry Lane, R. 

Kalamazoo. 
Charles H. Richmond, D 

Ann Arbor. 


Minnesota. 


Ernest B. Fisher, 

Grand Rapids, 
George H. Barbour, 

Detroit. 


Matthew B. Harrison, D, 

Duluth. 
Orson V. Tousley, R. 

Minneapolis. 


Mississippi. 


Thomas C. Kurtz, 
Moorhead. 

Lewis P. Hunt, 
Mankota. 


Joseph M. Bynum, R. 

Rienzi. 
Robert L. Saunders, J). 

Jackson. 


Missouri. 


Fred W. Collins, 
Summit. 

Joseph H. Brinker, 
West Point. 


Thomas B. Bullene, R. 

Kansas City. 
Charles H. Jones, I). 

St. Louis. 


Montana. 


0. H. Richer, 
Joplin. 

R. L. McDonald, 
St. Joseph. 


Lewis H. Hershfield, R. 
Helena. 




Benjamin F. White, 
Dillon. 


Armistead H. Mitchell, D. 
Deer Lodge City. 


Nebraska. 


Timothy E. Collins, 
Great Falls. 


Euclid Martin, D. 
Omaha. 




William L. May, 
Fremont. 


Albert G. Scott, R. 
Kearney. 


Nevada. 


John Lauterbach, 
Fairbury. 


James W. Haines, R. 
Genoa. 

George Russell, D. 
Elko. 




Enoch Strother, 

Virginia City. 
Richard Ryland, 

Reno. 



List of Commissioners and Alternates, 

New Hampshire. 



345 



Commissioners. 




Alternates. 


Walter Aiken, B. 




George VanDyke, 


Franklin. 




Lancaster. 


Charles D. ]McDuffie, R. 




Frank E. Kaley, 


Manchester. 


New Jersey. 


Milfoil. 


William J. Sewell, R. 




Frederick S. Fish, 


Camden. 




Newark. 


Thomas Smith, B. 




Edwin A. Stevens, 


Newark . 


New York. 


Hoboken. 


Chauncey M. Depew, R. 




James H. Breslin, 


New York. 




New York. 


John Boyd Thacher, D. 




James Roosevelt, 


Albany. 


North Carolina 


Hyde Park. 


Alexander B. Andrews, D. 




Elias Carr, 


Raleigh. 




Old Sparta. 


Thomas B. Keogh, R. 




G. A. Bingham, 


Greensboro. 


North Dakota. 


Salisbury. 


H. P. Rucker, R. 




Charles H. Stanley, 


Grand Forks. 




Steele. 


f Martin Ryan, I). 




Peter Cameron, 


Fargo. 


Ohio. 


Tyner. 


Harvey P. Piatt, I). 




Lucius C. Cron, 


Toledo. 




Piqua. 


William Ritchie, R. 




Adolph Pluemer, 


Hamilton. 


Oregon. 


Cincinnati. 


Henry Klippel, D. 




J. L. Morrow, 


Jacksonville. 




Heppner. 


Martin Wilkins, R. 




W. T. Wright, 


Eugene City. 


Pennsylvania. 


Union. 


William McClelland, J). 




R. Bruce Ricketts, 


Pittsburgh. 




Wilkes Barre 


John W. Woodside, R. 




John K. Hallock, 


Philadelphia. 


Rhode Island. 


Erie. 


Lyman B. Goff, R. 




Jeffrey Hazard, 


Pawtucket. 




Providence. 


Gardiner C. Sims, D. 




Lorillard Spencer, 


Providence. 




Newport. 



List of Coin- 
mlssionera 
and Alter- 
nates. 



+ Present address, Chicago. 



346 



World^s Columbian Commission. 



List of Com- 
missioners 

antiAiter- Commissioners. 
nates. 

A. P. Butler, D. 


South Carollna 


Alternates. 
E. L. Roche, 


Columbia. 




Charleston. 


John R. Cochran, B. 


. 


J. W. Tindell, 


Anderson. 


South Dakota. 


Sumter. 


Merritt H. Day, B. 




S. A. Ramsey, 


Rapid City. 




Woonsocket. 


William Mclntyre, R. 




L. S. Bullard, 


Watertown. 


Tennessee. 


Pierre. 


Louis T. Baxter, R. 




Rush Strong, 


Nashville. 




Knoxville. 


Thomas L. Williams, D. 




fA. B. Hurt, 


Knoxville. 


Texas. 


Chattanooga. 


Archelaus 31. Cochran, R. 




Lock 3IcDaniel, 


Dallas. 




xVnderson. 


f John T. Dickinson, D. 




Henry B. Andrews, 


Austin. 


Vermont. 


San Antonio. 


Henry H. Mclntyre, R. 




t Aldace F. Walker, 


AVest Randolph. 




Rutland. 


Bradley B. Smalley, D. 




Hiram Atkins, 


Burlington. 


Virginia. 


Montpelier. 


Virginius D. Groner, R. 




Charles A. Heermans, 


Norfolk. 




Christiansburg. 


John T. Harris, D. 




Alexander McDonald, 


Harrisonburg. 


Washington. 


Lynchburg. 


Henry Drum, D. 




William Bingham, 


Tacoma. 




Cheney. 


Charles B. Hopkins, R. 




Clarence B. Bagley, 


Spokane Falls. 


West Virginia. 


Seattle. 


James D. Butt, R. 




Wellington Vrooman, 


Harper's Ferry. 




Parkcrsburg. 


J. W. St. Clair, Z>. 




John A. Corcoran, 


Fayetteville. 


WlSCONSW. 


Wheeling. 


Philip Allen, Jr., R. 




Gustavus E. Gordon, 


Mineral Point. 




Koshkouong. 


John L. Mitchell, D. 




Myron Reed, 


Milwaukee. 




Superior. 


+ Chicago. 




% Rookery Building, Chicago. 



List of Commissioners and Alternates. 



347 



Commissioners. 


Wyoming. 


Alternates. 


LIstof Com 
miSBloners 
uDd Alter- 
nates. 


Asahel C. Beckwith, B. 
Evanston. 

Henry G. Udj, R. 
Cheyenne. 


TERRITORIES 
Arizona. 


Asa S. Mercer, 

Cheyenne. 

John J. McCormick, 
Sheridan. 




Commissioners 




Alternates. 




George F. Coats, K. 

Plutnix. 
William Zeekendorf, D. 

Tucson. 


New Mexico. 


W. L. Van Horn, 
Flagstaff. 

Herbert H. Logan, 
Phoenix. 




Thomas C. Gutierres, D. 
Albuquerque. 

Richard Mansfield White. R. 
Hermosa. Sierra Co. 


Oklahoma. 


L. C. Tetard, 

East Las Vegas. 

Charles B. Eddy, 
Eddy. 


- 


Otlmiel Beeson, D. 
Reno City. 

John D. Miles. R. 
Kingfisher. 


Utah. 


John Wallace, 

Oklahoma City. 

Joseph W. McNeal, 
Guthrie. 




Frederick J. Kiesel, D. 
Ogden. 

Patrick H. Lannan, R. 
Salt Lake City. 




William M. Ferry, 
Park City. 

Charles Crane, 

Kanosh. 





LIST OF OFFICERS 



OF THE 



Board of Lady Managers 



OF THE 



World's Columl3iaii Commission. 



President, 
Mrs, Potter Palmer, of Chicago. 

Ist Vice-President, 
Mrs. Kai.pii Trautmanx, of Now York. 

2d Vice-President , 
!Mrs, Edwin C. Burleigh, of Maine. 

3f/ Vice-President , 
Mrs. Charles Price, of North Carolina. 

Ath Vice-President, 
Miss Katherine L. Minor, of Louisiana. 

5^// Vice-President, 
Mrs. Beriah Wilkins, of the District of Columbia. 

6^// Vice-President, 
Mrs. Susan R. Ashley, of Colorado. 

1th Vice-President, 
Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, of Wisconsin. 

^th Vice-President, 
Mrs. Margaret Blaine Salisbury, of Utah. 



Vice- Preside tit-iit- Larye, 
Mrs. ItussELL B. IIahhison, of Montana. 



Secretary, 
Miss Phokiie W. Couzins, of Missouri. 

348' 



LIST OF 



Lady Managers and Their Alternates. 





NOMINATED BY 

Lady Managers. 


COMMISSIONERS-AT-LARGE. 

Lady Altertiates. 


Lady Mana- 
gers and 
Alternates 


Mrs. 


D. F. Verdenal, 




Mrs. Ben C. Truman, 




Mrs. 


New York City, N. 
Mary Cecil Cantrill, 


Y. 


Los Angeles, Cal. 
Mrs. Nancy Huston Banks, 




Mrs. 


Georgetown, Ky. 
Mary S. Lockwood, 
Washington, D. C. 




Morganfield, Ky. 
Mrs. James B. Stone, 

Worcester, Mass. 




Mrs. 


John J. Bagley, 
Detroit, Mich. 




Mrs. Schuyler Colfax, 

South Bend, Ind. 




Miss 


Ellen A. Ford, 
New York City. 




Mrs. Helen A. Peck, 

Kansas City, Mo. 




Mrs. 


Mary S. Harrison, 
Helena, Montana. 




Miss Caroline E. Dennis, 
Auburn, N. Y. 




Mrs. 


Ida A. Elkins Tyler, 




Mrs. Geo. R. Yarrow, 




Mrs. 


Philadelphia, Pa. 
Rosine Ryan, 
Austin, Texas. 




Philadelphia, Pa. 
Mrs. Lilla C. Baxter, 

Navasota, Texas. 





BY COMMISSIONERS FROM THE STATES. 

Alabama. 

Lady Managers. Lady Alternates. 

Miss Hattie Toney Hundley, Miss Sallie Talula Smith, 

Birmingham. 
Mrs. Louise L. Werth, 
Montgomery. 

Arkansas. 

Mrs. Mary Gray Dunlap Rogers, 

Fort Smith. 
Mrs. Wm. B. Empie, 

Newport. 

California. 

Mrs. Theresa Fair, 

San Francisco. 
Mrs. Frona E. Wait, 
San Francisco. 
349 



Mooresville. 
Mrs. Anna M. Fosdick, 
Mobile. 

Mrs. James P. Eagle, 

Little Rock. 
Mrs. Rollin A. Edgerton, 

Little Rock. 

Mrs. Parthenia P. Rue, 
Santa Rosa. 

Mrs. James R. Deane, 
San Francisco. 



350 



World^s Columhian Commission. 



Lady Managers. 

Miss Mary A. Samson, 

Pueblo. 
Mrs. Susan R. Ashley, 

Denver. 



Colorado. 

Lady Alternates. 

Mrs. Robt J. Coleman, 
Buena Vista. 

Mrs. M. D. Thatcher, 
Pueblo. 



Miss Frances S. Ives, 

New Haven. 
Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker, 

Hartford. 



Connecticut. 

Mrs. Amelia B. Hinman, 
Stevenson. 

Mrs. Virginia T. Smith, 
Hartford. 



Delaware. 



Mrs. Mary Richards Kinder, 

Milford. 
Mrs. J. Frank Ball, 

Wilminofton. 



Mrs. Mary E. Torbert, 

Milford. 
Mrs. Theodore F. Armstrong, 

Newark. 



Florida. 



Mrs. Mary C. Bell, 

Gainesville. 
Miss E. Nellie Beck, 

Tampa. 

Mrs. Wm. H. Felton, 

Cartersville. 
Mrs. Charles H. Olmstead, 

Savannah. 

Mrs. Lena Shoup, 

Boise City. 
Mrs. Joseph C. Straughan, 

Boise City. 

Mrs. Richard J. Oglesby, 

Elkhart. 
Mrs. Frances Welles Shepard, 

Chicago. 

Miss Wilhelmine Reitz, 

Evansville. 
Mrs. Virginia C. Meredith, 

Cambridge City. 



Mrs. Chloe Merrick Reed, 
South Jacksonville. 

Mrs. H, K. Ingram, 
Jacksonville. 



Georgia. 



Idaho. 



Miss Meta Telfair McLaws, 

Augusta. 
Mrs. Geo. W. Lamar, 

Savannah. 

Mrs. Anna E. M. Farnum, 

Post Falls. 
Mrs. Ella Ray Miller, 

Blackfoot. 

Illinois. 

Mrs. Marcia Louise Gould, 

Moline. 
Mrs. Frances Bundy Phillips, 

Bioomington. 

Indiana. 

Miss Susan W. Ball, 
Terre Haute. 

*Miss Mary H. Krout, 
Crawfordsville. 

* Chicago, 111. 



Lady Managers and their Alternates. 



351 



Iowa. 



Lady Managers. 
Mrs. Whiting S. Clark, 

Des Moines. 
Miss Ora Elizabeth Miller, 

Cedar Rapids. 

Mrs. Jennie S. Mitchell, 

Fort Scott. 
Mrs. Hester A. Hanback, 

Osborne. 



Miss Jean W. Faulkner, 

Lancaster. 
Miss Cora D. Payne, 

Henderson. 



KanSlAS. 



Lady Alternates. 

Mrs. Ira F. Hendricks, 
Council Bluffs. 

Miss Mary B. Hancock, 
Dubuque. 

Mrs. Sara Blair Lynch, 
Leavenworth. 

Mrs. Jane H. Haynes, 
Fort Scott. 



Lady Mana- 
gers and 
Alternates 



Kentucky. 



Miss Sarah F. Holt, 

Frankfort. 
Mrs. Alice B. Castleman, 

Louisville. 



Louisiana. 



Miss Katherine L. Minor, 

Houma. 
Miss Josephine Shakspeare, 

New Orleans. 



Mrs. Edwin C. Burleigh, 

Augusta. 
Mrs. L. M. N. Stevens, 

Portland. 



Mrs. Bowling S. Leathers, 

New Orleans. 
Mrs. Belle Hamilton Perkins, 

New Orleans. 



Maine. 



Mrs. Sarah H. Bixby, 

Skowhegan. 
Miss Kate Hutchins Locke, 

Bethel. 



Maryi^and. 

Mrs. William Reed, Mrs. Mary M. Birckhead, 
Baltim.ore. Baltimore. 

Mrs. Alexander Thomson, Miss Eloise Roman, 
Mount Savage. Cumberland. 

Massachusetts. 



Mrs. Rufus S. Frost, 

Chelsea. 
Mrs. Jonas H. French, 

Boston. 



Mrs. Alice Freeman Palmer, 

Cambridge. 
Miss Mary Crease Sears, 
Boston. 



Michigan. 

Mrs. Eliza J. Pendry Howes, Mrs. Frances P. Burrows, 

Battle Creek. Kalamazoo. 

Mrs. Sarah S. C. Angell, Miss Anna M. Cutcheon, 

Ann Arbor. Detroit. 



352 



Lad}- Mana- 

fers and 
.Iternatcs 



World^s Columbian Commission. 
Minnesota. . 



Lady Manage?'s. 

Mrs. Mary Allen Hulbert, 

Duluth. 
Mrs. H. F. Brown, 

Minneapolis. 

Mrs. James W. Lee, 

Aberdeen. 
Mrs. John M. Stone, 

luka. 



Lady Alter?tates. 

Mrs. Francis B. Clarke, 

St. Paul. 
Mrs. M. M. Williams, 

Little Falls. 

Mississippi. 

Mrs. George M. Buchanan, 

Holly Sprmgs. 
Miss Varina Davis, 
Beauvoir. 



Missouri. 
Miss Phoebe Couzins, LL.B., Mrs. Patti Moore, 

St. Louis. Kansas City. 

Miss Lillian Mason Brown, Mrs. Annie L. Y. Swart, 

Kirkwood. St. Louis. 

Montana. 
Mrs. Henry Knippenberg, Mrs. Frank L. Worden, 

Glendale. Missoula. 

Mrs. Lily Rosecrans Toole, Mrs. Mariam D. Cooper, 

Helena. Bozeman. 

Nebraska. 

Mrs. John S. Briggs, Mrs. M. A. B. Martin, 
Omaha. Broken Bow. 

Mrs. Elizabeth C. Langworthy, Mrs. Lana A. Bates, 
Seward. Aurora. 



Nevada. 



Miss Eliza M. Russell, 

Elko. 
Mrs. Ellen M. Stevenson, 

Carson City. 



Miss Mary E. Davies, 

Genoa. 
Mrs. M. D. Foley, 

Reno. 



New Hampshire. 



Mrs. Mira B. F. Ladd, 
Lancaster. 

Mrs. Daniel Hall, 
Dover. 



Miss Mary E. Busselle, 

Newark. 
Mrs. Martha B. Stevens, 

Hoboken. 



Mrs. Frank H. Daniell, 
Franklin Falls. 

Miss Ellen J. Cole, 
Lake Village. 



New Jersey. 



Mrs. Amanda M. Smith, 
Newark. 



Lady Managers and their Alternates. 

New York. 



353 



Lady Managers. 
Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, 

New York City. 
Mrs. Lloyd Bryce, 

New York City. 



Lady Alternates. 

Mrs. John Pope, 

New York City, 

Mrs. W. Bourke Cockran, 
New York City. 

North Carolina.- 



Lady Mana- 
gers and 
Alternates 



Mrs. George Wilson Kidder, 

Wilmington. 
Mrs. Charles Price, 

Salisbury 



Mrs. Sallie S. Cotten, 

Falkland. 
Miss Virginia Stella Divine, 

Wilmington. 



North Dakota. 



Mrs. S. W. McLaughlin, 
Grand Forks. 

Mrs. W. B. McConnell, 
Fargo. 

Mrs. Mary A. Hart, 

Cincinnati. 
Mrs, Walter Hartpence, 

Harrison. 



Mrs. E. W. Allen, 
Portland. 

Mrs. Mary Payton, 
Salem. 



Ohio. 



Mrs. Alice Vineyard Brown, 

Lisbon. 
Mrs. Frances Chamberlain Holley, 

Bismarck. 

Mrs. Harriet Taylor Upton, 

Warren. 
Mrs. Asa S. Bushnell, 

Springfield. 



Oregon. 



Mrs. Anna R. Riggs, 

Portland. 
Mrs. Hattie E. Sladden, 

Eugene City. 



Pennsylvania. 

Miss Mary Elliott McCandless, Mrs. Samuel Plumer, 

Pittsburgh. Franklin. 

Mrs. Harriet Anne Lucas, Mrs. W. S. Elkins, 

Philadelphia. Philadelphia. 

Rhode Island. 

Mrs. Amey M. Starkweather, Mrs. George A. Mumford, 

Pawtucket. Pawtucket. 

Miss Charlotte Field Dailey, Miss Loraine Pearce Bucklin, 

Providence. Providence. 

South Carolina. 

Mrs. Mary Preston Darby, V've. J. S. R. Thomson, 

Columbia. Spartanburg. 

Mrs. Ellery M. Brayton, Miss Carrie A. Perry, 

Columbia. Walhalla. 



354 World^s Columbian Commission. 

LadyMana- SOUTH DAKOTA. 

gcTs and 

Alternates ^^^^ Maiiagers. Lady Alteriiates. 

Mrs. John R. Wilson, Mrs. Minnie Daniels, 
Dead wood. Watertown. 

Mrs. Helen Morton Barker, Mrs. Marie J. Gaston, 
Huron. Deadvvood. 

Tennessee. 

Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Mrs. Carrington Mason, 
Nashville. Memphis. 

Mrs. Susan Gale Cooke, Mrs. Bessie Bowen McClung, 
Knoxville. Knoxville. 

Texas. 

Mrs. Ida Loving Turner, Miss Hallie Earle Harrison, 
Fort Worth. Waco. 

Mrs. Mary A. Cochran, Mrs. Kate Cawthon McDaniel, 
Dallas. Anderson. 

Vermont. 

Mrs. Ellen M. Chandler, Mrs. Minna G. Hooker, 
Pomfret. , Brattleboro. 

Mrs. Elizabeth V. Grinnell, Mrs. Theresa J. Cochrane, 

Burlington. , Groton. 

Virginia. 

Mrs. John Sergeant Wise, 

Richmond. 
Mrs. K. S. G. Paul, Miss Mattie P. Harris, 

Harrisonburgh. Staunton. 

Washington. 

Mrs. Melissa D. Owings, Mrs. Chauncey Wright Griggs, 
Olympia. Tacoma. 

Mrs. Alice Houghton, Miss Josephine Helen Stinson, 
Spokane Falls. Colfax. 

West Virginia. 

Mrs. W. Newton Linch, Mrs. George W. Z. Black, 
Martinsburg. Halltown. 

Miss Lily Irene Jackson, Miss Annie M. Mahan, 
Parkersburg. Fayetteville. 

Wisconsin. 

Mrs. Flora Beall Ginty, Mrs. Sam S. Fifield, 
Chippewa Falls. Ashland. 

Mrs. William P. Lynde, Mrs. J. Montgomery Smith, 
Milwaukee. Mineral Point. 



Lad If Managers and their Alternates. 



355 



Wyoming. 



Lady Alternates. 

Mrs. Elizabeth A. Stone, 

Evanston. 
Miss Gertrude M. Huntington, 

Saratoga. 



Lady Managers. 

Mrs. F. H. Harrison, 

Evanston. 
Mrs. Frances E. Hale, 
Cheyenne. 

BY COMMISSIONERS FROM THE TERRITORIES. 

Arizona. 
Mrs. Thomas J. Butler, Mrs. George Hoxworth, 

Prescott. Flagstaff. 

Miss Laurette Lovell, Mrs. H. J. Peto, 

Tucson. Tombstone. 

New Mexico. 

Mrs. Franc Luse Albright, 

Albuquerque. 
Mrs. Edward L. Bartlett, Mrs. Louise Dakin Campbell, 

Santa Fe. Eddy. 

Oklahoma. 



Lady Mana- 
gers and 
Alternates 



Mrs. Marie P. Harmon Beeson, 

Reno City. 
Mrs. Lucy D. Miles, 

Kingfisher. 

Utah. 
Mrs. Thomas A. Whalen, 

Ogden. 
Mrs. Margaret Blaine Salisbury, 

Salt Lake City. 



Mrs. Julia Wallace, 

Oklahoma City. 

Mrs. Mary S. McNeal, 
Guthrie. 

Mrs. Susie B. Emery, 
Park City. 

Miss Maggie Keogh, 
Salt Lake City. 



BY COMMISSIONERS FROM THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Mrs. Emma Dean Powell, 
Washington. 



Mrs. John A. Logan, 
Washington. 



Mrs. Beriah Wilkins, 
Washington. 



Miss Emma C. Wimsatt, 
Washington. 



BY THE PRESIDENT, FROM THE CITY OF CHICAGO. 



Mrs. Bertha M. Honors Palmer. 
Mrs. Solomon Thatcher, Jr. 
Mrs. Jennie Sanford Lewis. 
Mrs. James A. Mulligan. 
Frances Dickinson, M. D. 
Mrs. M. R. M. Wallace. 
Mrs. Myra Bradwell. 
Mrs. James R. Doolittle, Jr. 
Mrs. Matilda B. Carse. 



Miss Sara T. Hallowell. 
Mrs. George L. Dunlap. 
Mrs. L. Brace Shattuck. 
Mrs. Annie C. Meyers. 
Martha H. Ten Eyck. 
Mrs. Margaret Isabelle Sandes. 
Mrs. Leander Stone. 
Mrs. Gen'l A. L. Chetlain. 
Frances E. Willard. 



Board of Control and Management 



OF THE 



United States Government Exhibit. 



jVIr. Edwin Willits, Chairman. 

Seyellon a. Brown, Chief Clerk of the Department of State, to represent that 
department. 

Allured B. Nettleton, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, to represent the 
Treasury Department. 

Major Clifton Comly, U. S. A., to represent the War Department. 

Captain R. W. Meade, U, S. N., to represent the Navy Department. 

A. D. Hazen, Third Assistant Postmaster-General, to represent the Post Office 
Department. 

Horace A. Taylor, Commissioner of Railroads, to represent the Department of the 
Interior. 

Elijah C. Foster, General Agent of the Department of Justice, to represent that 
department. 

Edwin Willits, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, to represent the Department of 
Agriculture. 

Professor G. Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary Smithsonian Institution, to 
represent that institution and the National Museum. 

J. W. Collins, Assistant-in-Charge Division of Fisheries, to represent the United 
States Fish Commission. 
24 



357 



ACT OF CONGRESS 



CREATING THE 



World's Columbian Commission 



An act to provide for celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the dis- "^^^ ^^^ °^ 
covery of America by Christopher Columbus by holding; an international 
exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures, and the product of the soil, 
mine, and sea, in the City of Chicago, in the State of Illinois. 

Whereas, It is fit and appropriate that the four hundredth anniver- 
sary of the discovery of America be commemorated by an exhibition of 
the resources of the United States of America, their development, and of 
the progress of civilization in the New World; and. 

Whereas, Such an exhibition should be of a national and interna- 
tional character, so that not only the people of our Union and this Conti- 
nent, but those of all nations as well, can participate, and should there- 
fore have the sanction of the Congress of the United States; therefore, 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled. That an exhibition of arts, indus- 
tries, manufactures, and products of the soil, mine, and sea shall be inau- 
gurated in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-two, in the City of Chi- 
cago, in the State of Illinois, as hereinafter provided. 

Sec. 2. That a Commission, to consist of two Commissioners from 
each State and Territory of the United States and from the District of 
Columbia and eight Commissioners-at-Large, is hereby constituted to be 
designated as the World's Columbian Commission. 

Sec. 3. That said Commissioners, two. from each State and Terri- 
tory, shall be appointed within thirty days from the passage of this act 
by the President of the United States, on the nomination of the Govern- 
ors of the States and Territories, respectively, and by the President eight 
Commissioners-at-Large and two from the District of Columbia; and in the 
same manner and within the same time there shall be appointed two alter- 
nate Commissioners from each State and Territory of the United States 

359 



360 World^s Columbian Commission. 

The Act of and the District of Columbia and eight alternate Commissioners-at-Larofe, 

Congreas. ... - . . 

who shall assume and perform the duties of such Commissioner or Com- 
missioners as may be unable to attend the meetings of the said Commission; 
and in such nominations and appointments each of the two leading polit- 
ical parties shall be equally represented. Vacancies in the Commission 
nominated by the Governors of the several States and Territories, 
respectively, and also vacancies in the Commission-at-Large and from the 
District of Columbia may be filled in the same manner and under the 
same conditions as provided herein for their original appointment. 

Sec. 4. That the Secretary of State of the United States shall, im- 
mediately after the passage of this act, notify the Governors of the several 
States and Territories, respectively, thereof and request such nomina- 
tions to be made. The Commissioners so appointed shall be called to- 
gether by the Secretary of State of the United States in the City of Chi- 
cago, by notice to the Commissioners, as soon as convenient after the 
appointment of said Commissioners, and within thirty days thereafter. 
The said Commissioners, at said first meeting, shall organize by the elec- 
tion of such officers and the appointment of such Committees as they 
may deem expedient, and for this purpose the Commissioners present at 
said meeting shall constitute a quorum. 

Sec. 5. That said Commission be empowered in its discretion cG 
accept for the purposes of the World's Columbian Exposition such site as 
may be selected and offered and such plans and specifications of build- 
ings to be erected for such purpose at the expense of and tendered by the 
corporation organized under the laws of the State of Illinois, known as 
"The World's Exposition of eighteen hundred and ninety-two:" Pro- 
vided, That said site so tendered and the buildings proposed to be erected 
thereon shall be deemed by said Commission adequate to the purposes of 
said Exposition: And provided, That said Commission shall be satisfied 
that the said corporation has an actual bona fide and valid subscription 
to its capital stock which will secure the payment of at least five millions 

/of dollars, of which not less than five hundred thousand dollars shall have 
been paid in, and that the further sum of five million dollars, making in 
all ten million dollars, will be provided by said corporation in ample time 
for its needful use during the prosecution of the work for the complete 
preparation for said Exposition. 

Sec. 6. That the said Commission shall allot space for exhibitors, 
prepare a classification of exhibits, determine the plan and scope of the 
Exposition, and shall appoint all judges and examiners for the Exposition, 
award all premiums, if any, and generally have charge of all intercourse 
with the exhibitors and the representatives of foreign nations. And 
said Commission is authorized and required to appoint a Board of Lady 
Managers of such number and to perform such duties as may be pre- 
scribed by said Commission. Said Board may appoint one or more mem- 



/ 



The Act of Congress. 3G1 

bers of all committees authorized to award prizes for exhibits which mayihe Ae« ox 

•' Congreaa. 

be produced in whole or in part by female labor. 

Sec. 7. That after the plans for said Exposition shall be prepared 
by said corporation and approved by said Commission, the rules and regu- 
lations of said corporation governing rates for entrance and admission 
fees, or otherwise affecting the rights, privileges, or interests of the 
exhibitors or of the public, shall be fixed or established by said corpor- 
ation, subject, however, to such modification, if any, as may be imposed 
by a majority of said Commissioners. 

Sec. 8. That the President is hereby empowered and directed to 
hold a naval review in New York Harbor, in April, eighteen hundred and 
ninety-three, and to extend to foreign nations an invitation to send ships 
of war to join the United States Navy in rendezvous at Hampton Roads 
and proceed thence to said review. 

Sec. 9. That said Commission shall provide for the dedication of 
the buildings of the World's Columbian Exposition in said City of Chi- 
cago on the twelfth day of October, eighteen hundred and ninety-two, 
with appropriate ceremonies, and said Exposition shall be open to visitors 
not later than the first day of May, eighteen hundred and ninety-three, 
and shall be closed at such time as the Commission may determine, but 
not later than the thirtieth day of October thereafter. 

Sec. 10. That whenever the President of the United States shall be 
notified by the Commission that provision has been made for grounds 
and buildings for the uses herein provided for, and there has also been 
filed with him by the said corporation, known as " The World's Exposi- 
tion of eighteen hundred and ninety-two," satisfactory proof that a sum 
not less than ten million dollars, to be used and expended for the pur- 
poses of the Exposition herein authorized, has in fact been raised or pro- 
vided for by subscription or other legally binding means, he shall be 
authorized, through the Department of State, to make proclamation of 
the same, setting forth the time at which the Exposition will open and 
close, and the place at which it will be held; and he shall communicate 
to the diplomatic representatives of foreign nations copies of the same, 
together with such regulations as may be adopted by the Commission, for 
publication in their respective countries, and he shall, in behalf of the 
Government and people, invite foreign nations to take part in the said 
Exposition and appoint representatives thereto. 

Sec. II. That all articles which shall be imported from foreign 
countries for the sole purpose of exhibition at said Exposition, upon 
which there shall be a tariff or customs duty, shall be admitted free of 
payment of duty, customs fees, or charges under such regulations as the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe; but it shall be lawful at any 
time during the exhibition to sell for delivery at the close of the Exposi- 



362 World? s Columbian Commission. 

Tbe Act of tion any goods or property imported for and actually on exhibition in the 
Exposition buildings or on its grounds, subject to such regulations for 
the security of the revenue and for the collection of the import duties as 
the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe: Provided, That all such 
articles when sold or withdrawn for consumption in the United States 
shall be subject to the duty, if any, imposed upon such articles by the 
revenue laws in force at the date of importation, and all penalties pre- 
scribed by law shall be applied and enforced against such articles, and 
against the persons who may be guilty of any illegal sale or withdrawal. 

Sec. 12. That the sum of twenty thousand dollars, or as much 
/ thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby appropriated, 

out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the 
remainder of the present fiscal year and for the fiscal year ending June 
thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-one, to be expended under the 
direction of the Secretary of the Treasury for purposes connected with 
the admission of foreign goods to said Exhibition. 

Sec. 13. That it shall be the duty of the Commission to make 
report, from time to time, to the President of the United States of the 
progress of the work, and, m a final report, present a full exhibit of the 
results of the Exposition. 

Sec. 14. That the Commission hereby authorized shall exist no 
longer than until the first day of January, eighteen hundred and ninety- 
eight. 

Sec. 15. That the United States shall not in any manner, nor under 
any circumstances, be liable for any of the acts, doings, proceedings, or 
representations of the said corporation organized under the laws of the 
State of Illinois, its officers, agents, servants, or employes, or any of 
them, or for the service, salaries, labor, or wages of said officers, agents, 
servants, or employes, or any of them, or for any subscriptions to the 
capital stock, or for any certificates of stock, bonds, mortgages, or obli- 
gations of any kind issued by said corporation, or for any debts, liabili- 
ties, or expenses of any kind whatever attending such corporation or 
accruing by reason of the same. 

Sec. 16. That there shall be exhibited at said Exposition, by the 
Government of the United States, from its Executive Departments, the 
Smithsonian Institution, the United States Fish Commission, and the 
National Museum, such articles and materials as illustrate the function 
and administrative faculty of the Government in time of peace and its 
resources as a war power, tending to demonstrate the nature of our insti- 
tutions and their adaptation to the wants of the people; and to secure a 
complete and harmonious arrangement of such a Government exhibit, a 
Board shall be created to be charged with the selection, preparation, 
arrangement, safe-keeping, and exhibition of such articles and materials 



The Act of Congress. 363 

as the heads of the several departments and the Directors of the Smith- The Act of 
sonian Institution and National Museum may respectively decide shall 
be embraced in said Government exhibit. The President may also desig- 
nate additional articles for exhibition. Such Board shall be composed 
of one person to be named by the head of each Executive Department, 
and one by the Directors of the Smithsonian Institution and National 
Museum, and one by the Fish Commission, such selections to be approved 
by the President of the United States. The President shall name the 
Chairman of said Board, and the Board itself shall select such other offi- 
cers as it may deem necessary. 

That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and directed 
to place on exhibition, upon such grounds as shall be allotted for the 
purpose, one of the life-saving stations authorized to be constructed on 
the coast of the United States by existing law, and to cause the same to 
be fully equipped with all apparat-us. furniture, and appliances now in use 
in all life-saving stations in the United States, said building and appa- 
ratus to be removed at the close of the Exhibition and reerected at the 
place now authorized by law. 

Sec. 17. That the Secretary of the Treasury shall cause a suitable 
building or buildings to be erected on the site selected for the World's 
Columbian Exposition for the Government exhibits, as provided in this 
act, and he is hereby authorized and directed to contract therefor, in the 
same manner and under the same regulations as for other public build- 
ings of the United States; but the contracts for said building or buildings 
shall not exceed the sum of four hundred thousand dollars, and for the 
remainder of the fiscal year and for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, 
eighteen hundred and ninety-one, there is hereby appropriated for said 
building or buildings, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, the sum of one hundred thousand dollars. The Secretary 
of the Treasury shall cause the said building or buildings to be con- 
structed, as far as possible, of iron, steel, and glass, or of such other 
material as may be taken out and sold to the best advantage; and he is 
authorized and required to dispose of such building or buildings, or the 
material composing the same, at the close of the Exposition, giving pref- 
erence to the City of Chicago, or to the said World's Exposition of 
eighteen hundred and ninety-two, to purchase the same at an appraised 
value to be ascertained in such manner as he may determine. 

Sec. 18. That for the purpose of paying the expenses of transporta- 
tion, care, and custody of exhibits by the Government and the mainte- 
nance of the building or buildings hereinbefore provided for, and the safe 
return of articles belonging to the said Government exhibit, and for the 
expenses of the Commission created by this act, and other contingent 
expenses, to be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, upon itemized 



364 World's Columhian Commission. 

The Act of accounts and vouchers, there is hereby appropriated for the remainder of 

Congress. j i i i 

this fiscal year and for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen 
hundred and ninety-one, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, the sum of two hundred thousand dollars, or so much 
thereof as may be necessary: Prmnded, That the United States shall not 
be liable, on account of the erection of buildings, expenses of the Com- 
mission or any of its officers or employes, or on account of any expenses 
incident to or growing out of said Exposition, for a sum exceeding in the 
aggregate one million five hundred thousand dollars. 

Sec. 19. That the Commissioners and alternate Commissioners 
appointed under this- act shall not be entitled to any compensation for 
their services out of the Treasury of the United States, except their 
actual expenses for transportation and the sum of six dollars per day for 
subsistence for each day they are necessarily absent from their homes on 
the business of said Commission. The officers of said Commission shall 
receive such compensation as may be fixed by said Commission, subject 
to the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, which shall be paid out 
of the sums appropriated by Congress in aid of such Exposition. 

Sec. 20. That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to create 
any liability of the United States, direct or indirect, for any debt or obli- 
gation incurred, nor for any claim for aid or'pecuniary assistance from 
Congress or the Treasury of the United States in support or liquidation 
of any debts or obligations created by said Commission in excess of 
appropriations made by Congress therefor. 

Sec. 21. That nothing in this act shall be so construed as to over- 
ride or interfere with the laws of any State, and all contracts made in any 
State for the purposes of the Exhibition shall be subject to the laws 
thereof. 

Sec. 22. That no member of said Commission, whether an officer 
or otherwise, shall be personally liable for any debt or obligation which 
may be created or incurred by the said Commission. 

Approved, April 25, 1890. 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION 



Directors. 



Owen F. Aldis. 
Samuel ^\. Allerton. 
William T. Baker. 
William Borner. 
Thomas B. Bryan. 
Edward B. Butler. 
Mark L. Crawford. 
DeWitt C. Cregier. 
George R. Davis. 
James W. Ellsworth. 
John V. Farwell, Jr. 
Lyman J. Gage. 
Harlow N. Higinbotham. 
Charles L. Hutchinson. 
Edward T. Jeffery. 
El bridge G Keith. 
Rollin A. Keyes. 
Marshall M. Kirkman. 
Herman H. Kohlsaat. 
Edward F. Lawrence. 
Thies J. Lefens. 
Cyrus H, McCormick. 
William J. Chalmers. 



Andrew McNally. 
Joseph Med ill. 
Adolph Nathan. 
Robert Nelson. 
John J. P. Odell. 
Potter Palmer. 
James C. Peasley. 
Ferd W. Peck. 
Erskine M. Phelps. 
Eugene S. Pike. 
INIartin A. Ryerson. 
Charles H. Schwab. 
Anthony F. Seeberger 
William E. Strong. 
Charles H. Wacker. 
Robert A. Waller. 
Edwin Walker. 
Charles C. Wheeler. 
Frederick S. Winston. 
Charles T. Yerkes. 
Otto Young. 
Robert C. Clowry. 



The 
Chicago 
Board. 



OFFICERS. 

President, Lyman J. Gage. 
First Vice-President, Thomas B. Bryan. 
Second Vice-President, Potter Palmer. 
Secretary, Benjamin Butterworlh. 
Assistant Secretary, J. K. King will. 
Treasurer, Anthony F. Seeberger. 
Auditor, William K. Ackerman. 



WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION : 

Director-General, George R. Davis. 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Lyman J. Gage, President. 

Thomas B. Bryan, First Vice-President. 

Potter Palmer, Second Vice-President. 



Ferd W. Peck. 
De Witt C. Cregier. 
Edwin Walker. 
Erskine 'M. Phelps. 
William T. Baker. 



Rollin A. Keyes. 
Marshall M. Kirkman. 
Charles L. Hutchinson. 
Otto Young. 
Robert C. Clowry. 



365 



WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



' Standing Committees. 



Standing 
Commit- 
tees. 



E. G. Keith. 



Owen F. Aldis. 
Robert A. Waller. 



W. T. Baker. 



S. W. Allerton. 



M. A. Ryerson. 



Mark L. Crawford. 



AVilliam Borner. 



J. W. Ellsworth. 



E. B. Butler. 



E. B. Butler. 
William Borner. 
A. Nutlmn. 
H. H. Kohlsaat. 



Finance. 
F. W. Peck, Chairman. 
Otto Young. J. J. P. Odell. 

H. N. Higinbotham. 

Grounds and Buildings, 

D. C. Cregier, Chairman. 

Eugene S. Pike. C. H. Schwab. 

George R. Davis. E. T. Jeffery. 

Legislation. 
Edwin Walker, Chairman. 
George R. Davis. A. Nathan. 

F. S. Winston. 



National and State Exhibits 

E. M. Phelps, Chairman. 
E. T. Jeffery. 
A. F. Seeberger. 

Foreign Exhibits. 
W. T. Baker, Chairman. 



J. V. Farwell, Jr. 



H. N. Higinbotham. 
T. J. Lefens. 

Press and Printing. 

R, A. Keyes, Chairman 
H. H. Kohlsaat. 
C. H. :McCormick. 

Transportation. 
M. M. Kiikman, Chairman. 



J. W. Ellsworth. 



Andrew McNally. 



J. C. Peasley. 
W. E. Strong. 



C. C. Wheeler. 



Fine Arts. 
C. L. Hutchinson, Chairman. 
Potter Palmer. C. T. Yerkes. 

R. A. Waller. 

Mechanical and Electrical Appliances. 
R. C. Clowry, Chairman. 
C. H. Wacker. D. C. Cregier. 

Robert Nelson, 

Ways and Means. 

Otto Young, Chairman. 
E. F. Lawrence. 
Andrew ]McXally, 
R. A. Keyes, 
R, A. WaHer. 

360 



C, H. :McCormick. 
H. N. Higinbotham. 
C. H. Wacker. 
William J. Chalmers. 



BY-LAWS 



OF THE 



World's Columbian Exposition. 

(Local Board.) 



ARTICLE I. 

GOVERNMENT. 



The government and control of the corporation shall be vested in ^theTocaf 
the Board of Directors. ^''^'^• 

ARTICLE IL 

stockholders' meetings. 

The annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held on the first 
Saturday of April, in each year, at the hour of lo o'clock, in the fore- 
noon, at such place in the City of Chicago as may be designated by the 
Board of Directors. 

A written or printed notice, signed by the President or Secretary, 
stating the time, place, and object of the meeting, shall be mailed to each 
stockholder at least ten days before the date of the meeting, and shall also 
be published in three or more daily newspapers, in the City of Chicago 
for five consecutive days immediately before said meeting. 

ARTICLE III. 

STOCK certificates AND TRANSFERS. 

All certificates for shares of the capital stock shall be signed by the 
President and Secretary, who shall affix the corporate seal. In the 
absence of the President, they shall be signed by one of the Vice-Presi- 
dents, in their order. They shall be numbered in progression, beginning 
with number one, and each certificate shall show upon its face the num- 
ber of shares for which it is issued, and that the stock therein mentioned 
is transferable only upon the books of the company, and upon the sur- 
rendci" of such certificates. A book of *' Stock Registry " shall be kept, 
in which shall be entered the number of each certificate issued, the name 
and address of the stockholder, and the number of shares to which he is 

367 



368 World^s Columbian Commission. 

By-Laws of entitled. The transfer of any share or shares of stock may be made by 

the Local •' •'J 

Board. q. Surrender of the certificate issued therefor, and a written assignment 
thereof by the owner, or his duly authorized attorney in fact, upon a book 
to be called the " Register of Transfers." Upon such surrender and 
assignment, a new certificate or certificates shall be issued to the assignee 
as he may be entitled; but without such surrender and assignment no 
transfer of stock will be recognized by the Company. The " Registry of 
Transfers " will be closed thirty days before each annual meeting of the 
stockholders, and no assignee of shares shall be entitled to vote in person, 
or by proxy, at any meeting unless such surrender and assignment shall 
have been made before the time specified for the closing of said " Regis- 
ter of Transfers." 

ARTICLE IV. 

OFFICERS. 

Section t. The officers of this Company shall consist of a President, 
first Vice-President, second Vice-President, Secretary, Treasurer, and 
such other officers as shall from time to time be provided for by the 
Directors. The officers shall be elected by ballot at the first meeting of 
the Board after the annual meeting of the stockholders, and shall hold 
their respective offices for one year, and until their successors are elected 
and qualified, provided that any officer may be removed by the affirmative 
vote of twenty-three Directors. 

Sec. 2. The salaries of the several officers shall be fixed by resolu- 
tion of the Board of Directors, before such officers are elected, provided, 
howe\*er, that this clause shall not be operative until after the first election 
of said officers. No member of the Board of Directors, except its officers, 
shall receive any compensation whatever for his services. 

ARTICLE V. 
directors' meetings. 

Section i. The Board of Directors shall hold their regular meet- 
ings at the office of the Company in Chicago, on the second Friday of every 
month, at such hour as the Board may direct. 

Twenty-three members of the Board of Directors shall constitute a 
quorum for the transaction of business, and the affirmative vote of at least 
that number shall be required for the election or change of officers, or 
selection of site. 

Sec. 2. The President of the Company shall have the power to call 
special meetings of the Board of Directors whenever he deems it expedi- 
ent so to do; and it shall be his duty to call special meetings of the Board 
whenever five members shall request him so to do, and shall state the ob- 
ject of such meeting. The Secretary of the Company shall mail to the 
address of each Director a notice of any special meeting, and shall specify 



By-Laws of the World'' s Columbian Exposition. 369 

briefly the subject that will come before said meeting. The business of said By-Laws of 
meeting shall be confined to such subject. Board. 

ARTICLE VI. 

DUTIES OF PRESIDENT. 

The President shall preside over all the meetings of the Board, and 
shall appomt all committees, unless otherwise directed; he shall be, ex- 
officio, a member of all Standing Committees, and shall have all the power 
and authority incident to his office. 

In the absence of the President, a Vice-President, in his order, if 
present, shall perform the duties of President. In their absence the 
Board may appoint a chairman /r<? tern. 



ARTICLE VIL 

DUTIES OF SECRETARY. 

The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the stockholders and 
Board of Directors, and shall keep in a book prepared for that purpose a 
true and fair record of all such meetings, and shall have charge of all 
books, documents, and papers which properly belong to his office. He 
shall attend the meetings of any committee of the Board when requested, 
and keep minutes of the proceedings thereof. He shall have the custody 
of the corporate seal, and shall attach the same to all documents which 
require sealing. He shall perform such other duties as may be required 
by the Board. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

DUTIES OF TREASURER. 

The Treasurer shall safely keep and account for all moneys, funds, or 
other property of the Company which may come into his hands, and shall 
deposit, in the name of this corporation, all moneys in such banks, or 
places of deposit, as the Board of Directors may direct. Payments shall be 
made upon vouchers. Vouchers shall be certified to by the chairman or 
acting chairman of the committee in interest. They shall be approved by 
the Director-General and Auditor. No payment shall be made except by 
check. All checks shall be countersigned by the Auditor. The Treasurer 
shall give bonds for the proper performance of his duties, in such sum, 
and with such sureties, as the Board of Directors may approve; he shall 
keep an account of all receipts and expenditures, and shall report at least 
once a month to the Board the balance on hand at such banks or other de- 
pository; he shall also report quarterly to the Board, or oftener if required, 
all receipts and expenditures. His books shall at all times be open to the 
inspection of the President or any member of the Finance Committee. 



370 World? s Columbian Commission. 

ARTICLE IX. 

AUDITOR. 

^(hcTolaf There shall be elected an Auditor, who shall have charge of the 

Board. i)ooks of account of the Company, which shall be kept under his super- 
vision and direction; he shall see that all accounts are kept in proper 
form, and that the proper vouchers are returned for all disbursements 
made; that the same are distributed to their proper accounts, and after 
such distribution, carefully filed and preserved. It shall be the duty of 
the Auditor to know that all bonds required of officers and employes are 
given, and he shall discharge all other duties imposed upon him by the 
Board of Directors; his books and papers shall at all times be open to 
the President, Vice-Presidents, and any Special Committee appointed for 
that purpose by the Board of Directors. It shall be the duty of the 
Auditor to examine the accounts of the Treasurer at infrequent periods, 
at least as often as once each three months, and make report thereof to 
the Board of Directors. 

ARTICLE X. 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

The order of business at all meetings of the Board of Directors, 
unless otherwise ordered at such meeting, shall be as follows : 

1. Roll call. 

2. Reading minutes of last meeting. 

3. Considering of communications to the Board. 

4. Reports of officers to the Board. 

5. Reports of Special Committees in order. 

6. Reports of Standing Committees. 

7. Unfinished or postponed business. 

8. New business. 

All reports shall be made in writing, and all motions and resolutions, 
if the President so direct, shall also be in writing. No member of the 
Board shall occupy the floor in debate more than five minutes, except by 
unanimous consent. 

ARTICLE XI. 

VACANCIES. 

Vacancies in the Board, or its offices, may be filled by election by 
the Board. 

ARTICLE XII. 

STANDING COMMITTEES. 

The President and the Vice-Presidents shall nominate, and, with the 
consent of the Board of Directors, shall appoint for one year, and until 
their successors are appointed, the following Standing Committees, 



By- Laics of the WorUVs Columbian Exposition. 371 

which shall consist of five members each, excepting the Committee on By-Laws of 
Grounds and Buildings, which shall consist of seven members, and a Board. 
Committee on Ways and Means to consist of thirteen members. 

1. Committee on Finance. 

2. Committee on Grounds and Buildings. 

3. Committee on Legislation. 

4. Committee on National and State Exhibits. 

5. Committee on Foreign Exhibits. 

6. Committee on Press and Printing. 

7. Committee on Transportation. 

8. Committee on the Fine Arts. 

9. Committee on Machinery and Electrical Appliances. 
10. Committee on Ways and Means. 

The several Standing Committees shall have jurisdiction of such mat- 
ters as shall from time to time be referred to them. 
Each Committee shall elect its own Chairman. 

ARTICLE XIIL 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

There shall be an Executive Committee, with a chairman of its own 
election, to consist of the President, the two Vice-Presidents, and the 
Chairman of each of the Standing Committees. Either of the Standing 
Committees may appoint one of their members to represent its Chair- 
man at any meeting of the Executive Committee, when such Chairman 
is absent or unable to attend. Regular mee'tings of the Committee shall 
be held on such days, hours, and at such place as the Committee may 
direct, and a majority of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for 
the transaction of business. Special meetings may be called by the 
Chairman, and when called, written notice thereof shall be given by the 
Secretary to each member of the Committee. The Secretary shall keep 
a record of all its acts and doings, and such records shall be submitted to 
the Board of Directors for its approval or disapproval, at its next suc- 
ceeding meeting, and recorded as part of the minutes of such meeting. 
The Executive Committee shall have power to manage and direct the 
business and affairs of the Company subject to the approval of the Board 
of Directors. 

ARTICLE XIV. 

DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 

For the more efficient management of the business of the Company, 
the Board of Directors shall elect a Director-General, whose office shall 
be at the general office of the Company in the City of Chicago, and 
whose duties, powers, and compensation shall be fixed and defined by the 
Board of Directors. 



372 World^s Columbian Commission. 

ARTICLE XV. 



Board. 



PROPOSALS AND CONTRACTS. 

^tii^Lpcaf ^^^ material and work of construction or preparation, involving an 

expenditure of money exceeding two thousand dollars ($2,000), shall first 
be authorized by the Board of Directors, and sealed proposals for the 
same shall be invited by advertisement three times in at least two of the 
daily papers in Chicago, and be posted at the office of the Company. 

Proposals for said work shall be addressed to the Board of Directors, 
and opened at the office of the Company, at the hour designated in the 
advertisement, by the Executive Committee, in the presence of such bid- 
ders as may be in attendance. 

All such proposals shall be referred to the Board of Directors for 
approval or rejection. 

All contracts shall be awarded to the lowest and best bidder in the 
judgment of the Board of Directors, who shall, however, have power to 
reject any or all bids. 

Bonds for the performance of contracts shall be required for at least 
fifty per cent, of the amount thereof. 

All contracts shall be written in duplic'ate, signed by the contractor, 
or contractors, the President and Secretary, and be attested by the seal, 
the substance thereof entered of record, and the document filed with the 
Auditor. 

Work and material involving an expenditure of money less than two 
thousand dollars ($2,000) may be contracted for without advertising, by 
the Director-General, with the approval of the appropriate committee. 
Informal bids for the same shall be invited except in cases of emergency. 

All expenditures, by contract or otherwise, shall be promptly reported 
to the Auditor, and all warrants on account of payment thereof shall be 
certified to by the Director-General and paid as hereinbefore provided. 

ARTICLE XVI. 

AMENDMENTS TO BY-LAWS. 

Additions or amendments to these By-Laws may be made at any 
stated meeting of the Board next following that when such additions or 
amendments may have been proposed m writing, but no amendments or 
change in the By-Laws shall f)e made except at a meeting at which a 
majority of the Board shall be present, and all the directors shall have 
been notified in writing by the Secretary of the proposed change or addi- 
tion, and it shall require the vote of two-thirds of those present to adopt 
such amendment. 



OFFICIAL MANUAL 



OF THE 



World's Columbian Commission 



CONTAINING 



The Minutes and other Official Data of the Commission from 
THE Date of its Organization, June 26, 1890, to the Close 
OF its Third Session, November 26, 1890, including 
Information in Reference to the Chicago 
Directory of the World's Colum- 
bian Exposition, Etc. 




Chicago: 
rand, mcnally & company. 

1890. 






.* .it 



r 



